Conceptual structure of federated learning research field

Nowadays there are a great amount of data that can be used to train artificial intelligent systems for classification, or prediction purposes. Although there are tons of publicly available data, there are also very valuable data that is private, and therefore, it can not be shared without breaking the data protections laws. For example, hospital data has great value, but it involves persons, so we must try to preserve their privacy rights. Furthermore, although it could be interesting to train a model with the data of only one entity (i.e. a hospital), it could have more value to train the model with the data of several entities. But, since the data of each entity might not be shared, it is not possible to train a global model. In that sense, Federated Learning has emerged as a research field that deals with the training of complex models, without the necessity to share data, and therefore, keeping the data private. In this contribution, we present a global conceptual analysis based on co-words networks of the Federated Learning research field. To do that, the field was delimited using an advance query in Web of Science. The corpus contain a total of 2444 documents. As the main result, it should be highlighted that the Federated Learning research field is focused on six main global areas: telecommunications, privacy and security, computer architecture and data modeling, machine learning, and applications.8 página

Application of an ELISA test using Schistosoma bovis adult worm antigens in travellers and immigrants from a schistosomiasis endemic area and its correlation with clinical findings

[EN] We have recently evaluated an ELISA for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis using S. bovis adult worm antigens (AWA Sb), showing a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 97% for patients diagnosed by egg detection. Nevertheless, the comparison of this AWA Sb ELISA with direct parasitological findings as the gold standard could introduce a Selection bias, due to the well-known lack of sensitivity of direct methods in the detection of acute schistosomiasis and of low burden infections. The objective of the present work is to compare it with parasitological methods and commercial indirect haemagglutination test using S. mansoni antigens (WA Sm IHA) in 254 immigrants and travellers with different clinical settings; in addition, to find specific bands in the EITB of different phases of schistosomiasis. The AWA Sb ELISA showed 72% of seropositivity in patients with Katayama fever, while patients with eosinophilia and genito-urinary complaints showed 27% and 93%, respectively. The diagnosis yield was globally higher than direct egg detection or WA Sm IHA test with regard to the clinical setting. Finally, the utilization of EITB with S. bovis AWA permits the confirmation of diagnosis in chronic and acute phases of the disease

Indices de pobreza y funciones de bienestar

RESUMEN: En el artículo: "Índices de pobreza: una discusión metodológica", publicado en la revista Lecturas de Economía No. 22, presentamos tres Índices P1, P2 y P3. El primero es el porcentaje de pobres para una línea de pobreza dada. El segundo añade la brecha porcentual que existe entre la línea de pobreza y los ingresos medios de los pobres. El P3 tiene en cuenta, además, el grado de desigualdad que hay entre los ingresos de los pobres. La ordenación con el Índice P1 es equivalente a una ordenación de funciones de bienestar -utilidad media- asociadas a funciones de utilidad crecientes con el ingreso. Esta propiedad de las funciones de bienestar: la de aumentar el bienestar con los ingresos, llamada la eficiencia, descubre la estructura económica que subyace en P1. Las ordenaciones con P2 son equivalentes a ordenaciones con funciones de bienestar que tienen la propiedad de la eficiencia y la equidad. Esta última propiedad se entiende en el sentido de que cualquier transferencia del ingreso, desde los niveles más altos hacia los más bajos, es progresiva, porque aumenta el bienestar. En P3, además de la eficiencia y la equidad, aparece la sensibilidad de las funciones de bienestar, puesto que los impactos de las transferencias son mayores cuando ellas están dirigidas a favorecer a los más pobres de la población.ABSTRACT: In the article: "Indices de pobreza: una discusión metodológica" published in the previous number of this journal we presented three indices P1, P2 and P3. The first is based on the percentage of poor people below a fixed poverty line, the second ads a measure of the gap between the poverty line and the average income of the poor. While the third considers in addition the degree of inequality amongst the poor. This paper considers an ordering amongst distributions of income based on these three indices. The first turns out to be equivalent to welfare functions based simply on the supposition that utility rises with income. Indices based on P2 are equivalent to welfare functions which increase with any transfer from a richer to a poorer person that is with any progressive transfer. P3 is shown to introduce the additional element whereby welfare rises more the poorer the person receiving a given transfer

La medición de la pobreza : una discusión metodológica

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presentan, inicialmente, tres índices de pobreza construidos ordenadamente bajo la perspectiva metodológica de que cada uno retiene las propiedades teóricas del anterior y supera alguna falla importante del mismo. El primer índice (P1) tiene en cuenta el porcentaje de los pobres para una línea de pobreza elegida. El segundo, (P2) es sensible, además, a las pequeñas mejoras que se produzcan en el ingreso de los pobres. El tercero, (P3) detecta cuándo las transferencias del ingreso favorecen a los de más bajo nivel. Finalmente, se presenta otro índice equivalente en algunos aspectos al tercero (P3), que tiene notable interés en esta teoría. La elección de una medida apropiada de la pobreza, si bien es cierto no es ni remotamente la solución del problema, si es un paso adelante: un reto para los gobernantes, una forma para dilucidar avances y retrocesos.ABSTRACT: This article starts by presenting three related indices of poverty constructed under the condition that each retains the theoretical properties of those prior but introduces important new elements. The first index (P1) accounts simply for the number of people below a given poverty line. The second (P2) is not just sensitive to this but also to increases in the income of the poor which are not sufficient to remove them from poverty. The third (P3) includes the additional property that improvements in the income of the poorest of the poor receive more weight than the same improvement in the better off the poor. A variant of P3 of considerable theoretical interest is also discussed. The choice of an appropriate measure of poverty is not a solution to the problem but an important step forward in that it serves as an indicator of advances

Arquitectura de un sistema de medición de bioparámetros integrando señales inerciales-magnéticas y electromiográficas

Este trabajo presenta una arquitectura para la medición e integración de bioparámetros basado en unidades de procesamiento de movimiento inercial-magnético (MPUs) y electromiografía (EMG). Derivado de la arquitectura propuesta, se logró desarrollar un dispositivo llamado Imocap, el cual reúne y utiliza las mejores características de la tecnología MPU + EMG para realizar una medición completa en el segmento de brazo y antebrazo en el cuerpo humano. Se presenta en primer lugar la revisión bibliográfica de los métodos y herramientas para la captura del movimiento biomecánico, seguido de las técnicas y aplicaciones de la recolección de bioparámetros. Finalmente, se muestra la arquitectura y la descripción del sistema Imocap, algunas aplicaciones y discusión. Como trabajo futuro, Imocap tiene como objetivo proporcionar la información necesaria en un sistema de control electrónico para una plataforma de rehabilitación basada en exoesqueletos robóticos

CCFRA/PQAM-31: Phenomenological Questionnaire on autobiographical Memory

Questionnaire to assess phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical memory

Factores sociodemográficos y adecuación de la atención prenatal asociada a la mortalidad perinatal en gestantes colombianas

el adecuado seguimiento clínico y el cumplimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales, son aspectos esenciales para el adecuado desarrollo fetal y la culminación exitosa del embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos y el seguimiento prenatal asociados a la mortalidad perinatal en gestantes de Colombia.An adequate monitoring and the compliance of the nutritional requirements are essential for fetal development and successful control of pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and the pre-birth monitoring associated with

Una comparación de las economías andaluza y extremeña a partir de matrices de contabilidad social y multiplicadores lineales

Las matrices de contabilidad social (SAM) constituyen instrumentos de análisis y modelización de enorme interés, que recogen de manera consistente la totalidad de transacciones realizadas en una determinada economía; esta riqueza informativa que incorporan les permite mostrar una completa imagen de la realidad económica considerada y realizar una detallada descripción de la misma. Basándonos en esta amplitud de la información recogida en una SAM, en este trabajo pretendemos realizar una comparación entre las economías andaluza y extremeña para intentar determinar semejanzas y diferencias entre ellas. Para ello emplearemos índices de similitud y contrastes estadísticos calculados a partir de la respectivas matrices de contabilidad social construidas por los autores para ambas regiones. El análisis se completará realizando una detallada comparación de los multiplicadores contables que se obtendrían aplicando sobre ambas matrices los sencillos modelos de SAM lineales.A social accounting matrix is a very useful instrument of analysis. Using information included in a social accounting matrix (SAM) our claim is to provide a complete picture of an economy and to carry out detailed description of this one. In this work, based in the information collected in the SAM’s we do a comparison between the Andalusia and Extremadura economies in order to determine likeness and differences, using some indexes of similarity and statistical contrast calculated from their respectives social accounting matrices made by the authors for both regions. The analysis will be completed by means of a comparison between the linear multipliers obtained applying SAM linear models for both matrices

Study protocol for an observational cohort evaluating incidence and clinical relevance of perioperative elevation of high-sensitivity troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients undergoing lung resection

Perioperative; Lung resectionPerioperatorio; Resección pulmonarPerioperatori; Resecció pulmonarIntroduction Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery has been defined as myocardial injury due to ischaemia, with or without additional symptoms or ECG changes occurring during or within 30 days after non-cardiac surgery and mainly diagnosed based on elevated postoperative cardiac troponin (cTn) values. In patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung resection, only postoperative cTn elevations are seemingly not enough as an independent predictor of cardiovascular complications. After lung resection, troponin elevations may be regulated by mechanisms other than myocardial ischaemia. The combination of perioperative natriuretic peptide measurement together with high-sensitivity cTns may help to identify changes in ventricular function during thoracic surgery. Integrating both cardiac biomarkers may improve the predictive value for cardiovascular complications after lung resection. We designed our cohort study to evaluate perioperative elevation of both high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients undergoing lung resection and to establish a risk score for major cardiovascular postoperative complications. Methods and analysis We will conduct a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study, including 345 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery for lung resection. Cardiac biomarkers such as hs-TnI and NT-proBNP will be measured preoperatively and at postoperatively on days 1 and 2. We will calculate a risk score for major cardiovascular postoperative complications based on both biomarkers’ perioperative changes. All patients will be followed up for 30 days after surgery. Ethics and dissemination All participating centres were approved by the Ethics Research Committee. Written informed consent is required for all patients before inclusion. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national or international conference meetings.This work was supported by a research grant number: ‘PI20/00154’ from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund ‘Una manera de hacer Europa’)

Using UAV Photogrammetry and Automated Sensors to Assess Aquifer Recharge from a Coastal Wetland

Novel data-acquisition technologies have revolutionized the study of natural systems, allowing the massive collection of information in situ and remotely. Merging these technologies improves the understanding of complex hydrological interactions, such as those of wetland–aquifer systems, and facilitates their conservation and management. This paper presents the combination of UAV technology with water level dataloggers for the study of a coastal temporary wetland linked to an underlying sandy aquifer and influenced by the tidal regime. Wetland morphology was defined using UAV imagery and SfM algorithms during the dry period. The DTM (6.9 cm resolution) was used to generate a flood model, which was subsequently validated with an orthophoto from a wet period. This information was combined with water stage records at 10-min intervals from a network of dataloggers to infer the water balance of the wetland and the transfers to the aquifer. Inflows into the pond were around 6200 m3 (40% direct precipitation over the pond, 60% surface runoff). Outputs equalled the inputs (41% direct evaporation from water surface, 59% transfers into the aquifer). The proposed methodology has demonstrated its suitability to unravel complex wetland–aquifer interactions and to provide reliable estimations of the elements of the water balance21 página