Exact Finite Differences for Quantum Mechanics

We introduce a finite difference derivative, on a non-uniform partition, with the characteristic that the derivative of the exponential function is the exponential function itself, times a constant, which is similar to what happens in the continuous variable case. Aside from its application to perform numerical computations, this is particularly useful in defining a quantum mechanical discrete momentum operator

Matrices Which are Discrete Versions of Linear Operations

We introduce and study a matrix which has the exponential function as one of its eigenvectors. We realize that this matrix represents a set of finite differences derivation of vectors on a partition. This matrix leads to new expressions for finite differences derivatives which are exact for the exponential function. We find some properties of this matrix, the induced derivatives and of its inverse. We provide an expression for the derivative of a product, of a ratio, of the inverse of vectors, and we also find the equivalent of the summation by parts theorem of continuous functions. This matrix could be of interest to discrete quantum mechanics theory

The Inverse of the Discrete Momentum Operator

In the search of a quantum momentum operator with discrete spectrum, we obtain some properties of the discrete momentum operator for nonequally spaced spectrum. We find the inverse operator. We use the matrix representation of these operators, and we find that there is one more eigenvalue and eigenfunction than the dimension of the matrix. We apply the results to obtain the discrete adjoint of the momentum operator. We conclude that we can have discrete operators which can be self-adjoint and that it is possible to define a self-adjoint extension of the corresponding Hilbert space. These results help us understand the quantum time operator

Homomorfismos entre álgebras booleanas

RESUMEN: La conexión de las álgebras booleanas a través de homomorfismos. Se da inicio a partir de la Lógica Proposicional, definiendo sus operadores y conectivos lógicos, así como también los cuantificadores, teoría de conjuntos, un poco de álgebra proposicional y álgebra de conjuntos. Posteriormente se da paso al estudio del Álgebra Booleana definiendo el álgebra booleana, su estructura, propiedades, también se definirá una subálgebra booleana, anillos booleanos, ideales booleanos, ideales maximales, los homomorfismos de álgebras, sus propiedades, el concepto booleano de filtro y el cociente de anillos booleanos. Cuando se habla sobre aplicaciones del álgebra booleana es común escuchar que las álgebras booleanas son la base de la información digital, y que son parte fundamental de los circuitos electrónicos, debido a que el funcionamiento de las computadoras está basado en la estructura booleana del sistema binario. Pero, no es natural imaginar que dentro de los organismos vivos se pudiera hacer uso de estructuras booleanas. Es así, como se finaliza con el estudio de las compuertas lógicas y también se describe brevemente un modelo del código genético dado en términos de álgebras booleanas y Z26. ABSTRACT: The connection of Boolean algebras through homomorphisms. It starts from PropositionalLogic, defining its logical connectives and operators, as well as quantifiers, set theory, a bit of propositional algebra and set algebra. Subsequently, the study of Boolean Algebra is gi-ven, defining the Boolean algebra, its structure, properties, a Boolean subalgebra, Booleanrings, Boolean ideals, maximum ideals, the homomorphisms of algebras, their properties, the Boolean concept of filter and the Boolean ring quotient. When talking about applications ofBoolean algebra, it is common to hear that Boolean algebras are the basis of digital infor-mation, and that they are a fundamental part of electronic circuits, because the operation of computers is based on the Boolean structure of the binary system. But, it is not natural to imagine that within living organisms one could make use of Boolean structures. This is how the study of logic gates ends and a model of the given genetic code is also briefly described in terms of Boolean algebras and Z62

First identification and characterization of ovine gammaherpesvirus type 2 in horses and artiodactyla from an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Mexico

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the genus Macavirus, causes sheepassociated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease affecting a wide variety of ungulates in addition to horses. This study described an outbreak of SAMCF in Mexico and the identification of the OvHV-2 virus in primary rabbit testis cultures through the generation of intranuclear inclusion bodies, syncytia, immunofluorescence (IF), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and partial sequencing of the ORF75 gene. The animals involved in this outbreak showed mucogingival ulcers in the vestibule of the mouth and tongue, hypersalivation, corneal opacity, reduced food consumption, and weight loss of variable severity. These clinical signs and the histopathological findings suggested the diagnosis of SA-MCF. Buffy coat fractions from the anticoagulated blood samples of ill animals were collected and analyzed by PCR. Positive buffy coats were used to inoculate the primary cell cultures of rabbit testis to identify the virus. Small clusters of refractile cytomegalic cells, characteristic of viral cytopathic effects, were observed between 48 and 72 h post-infection. Furthermore, intranuclear acidophilic inclusion bodies (IBs) were identified in the inoculated primary culture cells, and the cytoplasm showed immunoreactivity with hyperimmune rabbit serum against OvHV-2. Moreover, in the liver histological sections from sick deer, immunoreactive juxtanuclear IBs were identified with the same rabbit hyperimmune serum. The obtained sequences were aligned with the OvHV-2 sequences reported in GenBank and revealed a nucleotide identity higher than 98%. Based on the evidence provided in this study, we conclude that the outbreak of SA-MCF in the municipality of Tequisquiapan in the state of Queretaro, Mexico, was caused by OvHV-2. This is the second study reporting that horses are susceptible to OvHV-2 infection and can develop SA-MCF. We identified for the first time in Mexico, the presence of OvHV-2 in buffy coats from horses and Artiodactyla.This study was financed by PAPIITUNAM (IN213321), PAPIIT-UNAM (IT201918), PAPIIT-UNAM (IT201821), and T.L. MadrigalValencia received a scholarship SEP-CONACYT, ID (968751).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First identification and characterization of ovine gammaherpesvirus type 2 in horses and artiodactyla from an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Mexico

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the genus Macavirus, causes sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease affecting a wide variety of ungulates in addition to horses. This study described an outbreak of SA-MCF in Mexico and the identification of the OvHV-2 virus in primary rabbit testis cultures through the generation of intranuclear inclusion bodies, syncytia, immunofluorescence (IF), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and partial sequencing of the ORF75 gene. The animals involved in this outbreak showed mucogingival ulcers in the vestibule of the mouth and tongue, hypersalivation, corneal opacity, reduced food consumption, and weight loss of variable severity. These clinical signs and the histopathological findings suggested the diagnosis of SA-MCF. Buffy coat fractions from the anticoagulated blood samples of ill animals were collected and analyzed by PCR. Positive buffy coats were used to inoculate the primary cell cultures of rabbit testis to identify the virus. Small clusters of refractile cytomegalic cells, characteristic of viral cytopathic effects, were observed between 48 and 72 h post-infection. Furthermore, intranuclear acidophilic inclusion bodies (IBs) were identified in the inoculated primary culture cells, and the cytoplasm showed immunoreactivity with hyperimmune rabbit serum against OvHV-2. Moreover, in the liver histological sections from sick deer, immunoreactive juxtanuclear IBs were identified with the same rabbit hyperimmune serum. The obtained sequences were aligned with the OvHV-2 sequences reported in GenBank and revealed a nucleotide identity higher than 98%. Based on the evidence provided in this study, we conclude that the outbreak of SA-MCF in the municipality of Tequisquiapan in the state of Queretaro, Mexico, was caused by OvHV-2. This is the second study reporting that horses are susceptible to OvHV-2 infection and can develop SA-MCF. We identified for the first time in Mexico, the presence of OvHV-2 in buffy coats from horses and Artiodactyla

Elaboración de Productos Embutidos a Base de Pulpa de Macabí

The objective of this study is to promote healthy eating habits through the production of sausage made from fish. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope and an active participation research design, using participative observation and focus group techniques. The study’s findings are that both the participants and the community involved in discussions on the product found it to be viable and liked it. Additionally, through workshops, awareness was raised and information was shared on the changes in eating habits required to promote a healthy culture.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fomentar hábitos alimenticios saludables a través de la producción de productos embutidos a base de pescado. Metodológicamente se orientó desde un tipo de investigación cualitativa desde un alcance descriptivo con un diseño de investigación acción-participación, utilizando como técnicas la observación participante y los grupos focales. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que tanto los participantes como la comunidad a la que le fue socializado el producto, les parecieron viable y fue acogido con gran gusto, además por medio de los talleres lograron concientizarse y aprender de los cambios necesarios en los hábitos alimenticios y así promover una cultura saludable

ANÁLISIS DE USO DE LA REALIDAD AUMENTADA EN AGENCIAS PUBLICITARIAS DE LA ZONA SUR DE TAMAULIPAS (ANALYSIS OF USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN ADVERTISING AGENCIES OF THE SOUTH ZONE OF TAMAULIPAS)

Resumen Las tecnologías agregadas en los equipos móviles han emprendido una nueva manera de percibir la mercadotecnia a través de nuevos emblemas, con base en los dispositivos inteligentes y tablets, los cuales son muy habituales entre la sociedad ya que se han vuelto una obligación en el tema de comunicación, apoyo necesario en el trabajo y en diferentes aspectos de la vida diaria. Una de las operaciones que se pueden efectuar con estos aparatos, es la mercadotecnia, y para ello se ha recurrido a las agencias de publicitarias las cuales son, con mayor periodicidad quienes utilizan las nuevas tecnologías para estar al día y continuar en la competencia en el mercado de la publicidad. La Realidad Aumentada (RA), es una herramienta más a la que se recurrirá por las empresas en la promoción de los productos que venden. Así mismo, algunas agencias de publicidad han iniciado la tarea desarrollar y aplicar la Realidad Aumentada para exponer de diferente forma las cualidades y características de los productos ofertados desde una perspectiva tridimensional, ofreciendo atributos y enfoques diferentes de los productos. Esta investigación, tiene como objetivo conocer el grado de uso de la Realidad Aumentada en agencias de publicidad ubicadas en la zona sur del estado de Tamaulipas. La metodología utilizada está basada en la aplicación estadística que permitirá determinar el nivel de uso de la Realidad Aumentada por agencias publicitarias utilizando marcadores, sin el uso de marcadores y por geolocalización. Palabra(s) Clave: Publicidad, realidad aumentada, tabletas electrónicas, teléfonos inteligentes, Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Abstract The aggregate technologies in mobile equipment have undertaken a new way of perceiving marketing through new emblems, based on smart devices and tablets, which are very common among society as they have become an obligation in the area of communication, necessary support at work and in different aspects of daily life. One of the operations that can be carried out with these devices is marketing, and for this purpose, advertising agencies have been used which are, more frequently, those who use the new technologies to keep up to date and continue in the competition in the advertising market Augmented Reality (RA) is another tool to use it for companies in the promotion of the products they sell. Likewise, some advertising agencies have started the task of developing and applying Augmented Reality to expose in different ways the qualities and characteristics of the products offered from a three-dimensional perspective, offering different attributes and approaches to the products. This research aims to know the degree of use of Augmented Reality in advertising agencies located in the southern zone of the state of Tamaulipas. The methodology used is based on the statistical application that will determine the level of use of Augmented Reality by advertising agencies using markers, without the use of markers and geolocation. Keywords: Advertising, Augmented Reality, Electronic Tablets, Smartphones, Information and Communication Technologies