Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages

Aim: Revealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key for understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We quantitatively examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs. Location: Sixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia. Methods: We studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals, as derived from the analysis of photo-quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6–120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space. Results: We show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid-domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the differences in coral genera across islands (spatial beta-diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient. Main conclusions: Our findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site-specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity

Reseñas

[ES] Seguí de la Riva , Javier. Sobre dibujar y proyectar (por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 4.-- Dibujar, proyectar LVI y LVII Arte y muerte I y II ( por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 6.-- dibujar, proyectar LVIII El imaginario del dibujar (por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 6 y 7.-- Dibujar, proyectar LVI y LVII Diagrama, diagramar I y II ( por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 7.-- DIBUJAR, proyectar LVIII El imaginario del dibujar ( por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 6 y 7.-- DIBUJAR, PROYECTAR LVI y LVII Diagrama, diagramar I y II (por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp.7.-- DIBUJAR, PROYECTAR LIX, LX y LXI Escritos críticos I, II y III ( por Javier Seguí de la Riva) pp. 7 .-- Rehabilitacion del Antiguo Hospital San Juan de Dios para Biblioteca y Archivo Historico de Orihuela (por Ana Torres Barchino) pp. 8.-- Arnau Amo, Joaquín. Arquitectura. Ritos y ritmos (por María Elia Gutiérrez Mozo) pp. 8 y 9.—Cardone, Vito. Viaggiatori d’architettura in Italia. Da Brunelleschi a Charles Garnier (por Cesare Cundari) pp. 9 y 10.-- Casado de Amezúa Vázquez, Joaquín. Las casas reales de la Alhambra. Geometría y espacio. Una aproximación al proceso de formación del espacio ( por Pilar Chías Navarro)pp. 10.-- Jaén i Urban, Gaspar; Baldomá Soto, Montserrat y Carrasco Martí, Maria Antonia. One century of photography and preservation in catalonia: the service for local architectural heritage ( por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp. 10 y 11.-- Jaén i Urban, Gaspar. El paisaje urbano de Nueva York en la obra escrita de Federico García Lorca (por Concepción López González y Jorge García valldecabres) pp. 11.—Trachana, Angelique. Urbe Ludens ( por Gonzalo García-Rosales) pp. 12.-- Fernández-Palacios, Victoria; Yanguas, Ana; Jiménez Fdez-Palacios, Luz. Manuel Aires Mateus. Cuaderno de La Alhambra ( por José Mª Gentil Baldrich) pp. 12 y 13.-- Agustín, Luis; Miret, Elena; Vallespín, Aurelio. Representación del espacio arquitectónico. 2011.12 (por Jesús Aparicio Guisado) pp. 14.—Herschdorfer, Nathalie y Lada Umstätter, Thames. Le Corbusier and the Power of Photography (por víctor A. Lafuente Sánchez) pp. 14 y 15.-- Roma en el bolsillo. Cuadernos de dibujo y aprendizaje artístico en el siglo XVIII ( por Fernando Linares García) pp. 15 y 16.-- Vicens y Hualde, Ignacio. Dicho y hecho ( por Fernando Linares García) pp 16.-- Le Corbusier. El arte decorativo de hoy ( por Carlos Montes Serrano )pp. 16 y 17.—Jenkins Birkhäuser, Eric J. Drawn to Design: Analyzing Architecture Through Freehand Drawing ( por víctor A. Lafuente Sánchez) pp. 17 y 18.—Sobrino, Miguel. Monasterios. Las biografías desconocidas de los cenobios de España ( por Javier García-Gutiérrez Mosteiro) pp. 18 y 19.-- Jiménez Martín, Alfonso. Anatomía de la Catedral de Sevilla ( por Francisco Pinto Puerto) pp. 19.-- Raposo Grau, Javier Fco; Butragueño Díaz-Guerra, Belen y Paredes Maldonado, Miguel. 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Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Com o diabo no corpo: os terríveis papagaios do Brasil colônia

Desde a Antiguidade, papagaios, periquitos e afins (Psittacidae) fascinaram os europeus por seu vivo colorido e uma notável capacidade de interação com seres humanos. A descoberta do Novo Mundo nada faria além de acrescentar novos elementos ao tráfico de animais exóticos há muito estabelecido pelos europeus com a África e o Oriente. Sem possuir grandes mamíferos, a América tropical participaria desse comércio com o que tinha de mais atrativo, essencialmente felinos, primatas e aves - em particular os papagaios, os quais eram embarcados em bom número. Contudo, a julgar pelos documentos do Brasil colônia, esses voláteis podiam inspirar muito pouca simpatia, pois nenhum outro animal - exceto as formigas - foi tantas vezes mencionado como praga para a agricultura. Além disso, alguns psitácidas mostravam-se tão loquazes que inspiravam a séria desconfiança de serem animais demoníacos ou possessos, pois só três classes de entidades - anjos, homens e demônios - possuíam o dom da palavra. Nos dias de hoje, vários representantes dos Psittacidae ainda constituem uma ameaça para a agricultura, enquanto os indivíduos muito faladores continuam despertando a suspeita de estarem possuídos pelo demônio. Transcendendo a mera curiosidade, essa crença exemplifica o quão intrincadas podem ser as relações do homem com o chamado “mundo natural”, revelando um universo mais amplo e multifacetado do que se poderia supor a princípio. Nesse sentido, a existência de aves capazes de falar torna essa relação ainda mais complexa e evidencia que as dificuldades de estabelecer o limite entre o animal e o humano se estendem além dos primatas e envolvem as mais inusitadas espécies zoológicas.Since ancient times, parrots and their allies (Psittacidae) have fascinated Europeans by their striking colors and notable ability to interact with human beings. The discovery of the New World added new species to the international exotic animal trade, which for many centuries had brought beasts to Europe from Africa and the Orient. Lacking large mammals, tropical America participated in this trade with its most appealing species, essentially felines, primates and birds - especially parrots - which were shipped in large numbers. It should be noted, however, that at times these birds were not well liked. In fact, according to documents from colonial Brazil, only the ants rank higher than parrots as the animals most often mentioned as agricultural pests. On the other hand, some of these birds were so chatty that people suspected them to be demonic or possessed animals, since only three classes of beings - angels, men and demons - have the ability to speak. Nowadays, several Psittacidae still constitute a threat to agriculture, and the suspicion that extremely talkative birds were demon possessed has also survived. More than a joke or a mere curiosity, this belief exemplifies how intricate man’s relationships with the “natural world” may be. In this sense, the existence of birds that are able to speak adds a further twist to these relationships, demonstrating that the problem of establishing a boundary between the animal and the human does not only involve primates, but also includes some unusual zoological species

Defining the causes of sporadic Parkinson's disease in the global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2)

The Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) will genotype over 150,000 participants from around the world, and integrate genetic and clinical data for use in large-scale analyses to dramatically expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD. This report details the workflow for cohort integration into the complex arm of GP2, and together with our outline of the monogenic hub in a companion paper, provides a generalizable blueprint for establishing large scale collaborative research consortia

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson?s disease

Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson’s disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations

Mesophotic coral communities escape thermal coral bleaching in French Polynesia

International audienc

Documenting decadal disturbance dynamics reveals archipelago-specific recovery and compositional change on Polynesian reefs

International audienc

Coral reef structural complexity loss exposes coastlines to waves

Coral reefs offer natural coastal protection by attenuating incoming waves. Here we combine unique coral disturbance-recovery observations with hydrodynamic models to quantify how structural complexity dissipates incoming wave energy. We find that if the structural complexity of healthy coral reefs conditions is halved, extreme wave run-up heights that occur once in a 100-years will become 50 times more frequent, threatening reef-backed coastal communities with increased waves, erosion, and flooding