A redação científica: ferramenta para o estudante de graduação

Scientific writing is the best way to transmit the knowledge acquired, generated or reproduced as a result in a research and when the scientific writing is part of the teaching-learning strategies, it also becomes a great evaluation tool. This article focuses on content presentation of a scientific writing workshop that was offered in graduate school and was adjusted to the undergraduate students. As a result, this study shown that after the workshop one hundred percent of the participants become familiar with the structure (components) of a scientific paper, but there are still deficiencies regarding syntax and consistency that must be improved. La redacción científica es el mejor medio para transmitir el conocimiento adquirido, generado o reproducido como producto en una investigación y cuando ésta hace parte de las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se convierte también en un instrumento de evaluación. Este artículo se centra en la presentación de contenidos de un taller de redacción científica que se ofrecía en la escuela graduada y que se adaptó para la escuela subgraduada.  Del estudio se concluye que el cien por ciento de los participantes logró familiarizarse con la estructura (componentes) de un artículo científico, pero que aún persisten deficiencias de sintaxis y de concordancia que deben ser mejoradas.  A redação científica é o melhor meio para transmitir o conhecimento adquirido, gerado ou reproduzido como produto em uma pesquisa e quando ela faz parte das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, também se torna um instrumento de avaliação. Este artigo centra-se na apresentação da experiência pedagógica de uma oficina de redação científica que era oferecida no nível de pós-graduação e que foi adaptada para estudantes de graduação. O estudo conclui que cem por cento dos participantes conseguiram familiarizar-se com a estrutura (componentes) de um artigo científico, mas ainda há deficiências de concordância que devem ser melhoradas.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Cesar, Magdalena, Guajira y Bolívar

El presente trabajo está basado en la imagen y narrativa de diferentes situaciones de violencia que fueron abordadas como estrategia para desarrollarlas bajo enfoque psicosocial en entornos de violencia. Se abordan también las situaciones que atentan contra la integridad humana y los daños colaterales que se desatan de estas situaciones. Por lo tanto, este trabajo busca realizar un ejercicio significativo que se enfoca para el análisis de los relatos desde la mirada de los futuros psicólogos, trazando estrategias para poder intervenir y dar una oportunidad a todas esas personas con el fin empezar de nuevo y construir un horizonte para mitigar los impactos psicosociales que fueron las situaciones observadas a lo largo de la comprensión de los relatos, dejando miedo, dolor, traumas, tragedias, producto de las consecuencias del conflicto armado. De esta manera, el trabajo sigue un rumbo positivo, alrededor de los aprendizajes que tejen un camino para construir planteamientos a través de las acciones que aportan un cambio social para con las víctimas marcadas por el conflicto armado.The present work is based on the image and narrative of different situations of violence that were approached as a strategy to develop them under a psychosocial approach in violent environments. Situations that threaten human integrity and the collateral damage that are unleashed from these situations are also addressed. Therefore, this work seeks to carry out a significant exercise that focuses on the analysis of the stories from the perspective of future psychologists, outlining strategies to be able to intervene and give all these people an opportunity in order to start over and build a horizon to mitigate the psychosocial impacts that were the situations observed throughout the understanding of the stories, leaving fear, pain, traumas, tragedies, product of the consequences of the armed conflict. In this way, the work follows a positive course, around the learning that weaves a path to build approaches through actions that bring about social change for the victims marked by the armed conflict

Evaluación de la función renal en pacientes diabéticos que asisten a los Centros de Salud de Sutiaba y Perla María Norori del Municipio de León, Nicaragua 2002-2003

Tesis (MSc en Bioquímica Clínica)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Módulo sistema nervioso para quinto año de medicina, León, febrero 2005

Tesis (MSc en Educación Superior en Salud)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Academic and Administrative Issues for Implementation of Capstone Course in Civil Engineering programs: Case Study

El trabajo final de diseño (“Capstone” en inglés) considerado como requisito final de grado para estudiantes de ingeniería, busca incentivar el trabajo en grupo para encontrar la solución a una problemática relacionada con el ejercicio profesional, aplicando los conocimientos de diseño adquiridos durante el proceso de formación. Esta modalidad de trabajo final de grado exige una reestructuración académico-administrativa que garantice el resultado satisfactorio en el tiempo previsto para este propósito. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar la percepción del estudiantado de ingeniería civil de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali en relación con el “Capstone” como trabajo de final de grado y partiendo de este análisis, plantear estrategias administrativas que favorezcan el desarrollo de los trabajos en esta modalidad. Para ello, se preparó un instrumento de consulta con la modalidad de encuesta en donde participaron 47 estudiantes. El instrumento diseñado permitió recoger información sobre las experiencias del aprendizaje basado en problemas en las diferentes asignaturas cursadas durante su formación académica, la composición y evaluación de los grupos de trabajo en los diferentes cursos y la autoevaluación del estudiantado frente al desempeño y participación en los grupos conformados. Un 87.2% del estudiantado considera que el “Capstone” es una opción de grado adecuada; pero que tiene una gran dificultad en el manejo del rendimiento del grupo, ya que es común que el trabajo recaiga en una o dos personas. Aun así, 86.2% del estudiantado considera que la participación del grupo fue adecuada y el 95.2% considera que su desempeño fue bueno. Los anteriores hallazgos indican que se deben reforzar las estrategias de trabajo colaborativo y capacitar al personal docente-tutor del “Capstone” sobre estrategias de medición y evaluación del desempeño individual y grupal. Los resultados obtenidos serán de utilidad para el mejoramiento curricular y administrativo de las asignaturas asociadas al “Capstone” y podría ser de utilidad para aquellas universidades que consideren la implementación del “Capstone” como trabajo terminal de grado.A capstone course is a culminating academic experience designed to encourage teamwork among students by applying their five years of classroom knowledge to solve realistic engineering problems. This emerging capstone experience demands academic and administrative changes to guarantee a satisfactory result within the time spared for this purpose. The main objective of this research is to assess students’ perception regarding the capstone project as a culminating academic experience, and to use the analysis results to propose academic and administrative changes required to support and guarantee the successful achievement of this type of final degree project. To reach this goal, an assessment instrument was prepared and applied to 47 students enrolled in a capstone course. The instrument allowed collecting information regarding problem-based learning experience, teamwork experience, and self-perception concerning students’ own behaviors and attitude during teamworking. On this regard, 87.2% of students considered capstone as a suitable final degree experience; however, it is challenging because it is known that student’s participation during teamworking is uncommon and usually just two students are committed. In spite of this, 86.2% of students considered that teamwork was satisfactory and 95.2% of them recognized that their self-behavior and attitude during teamworking was good. Based on the results we recommend to strengthen teamwork strategies among students, and to instruct teachers about assessment strategies to evaluate individual and teamwork performance of students. It is expected that these findings can help improve the capstone curriculum related to courses and their administration. These findings are also supposed to serve as a previous experience to those universities committed to include capstone as a culminating degree experience

Multicentre surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci and staphylococci from Colombian hospitals, 2001-2002

Se recolectaron aislamientos invasivos de estafilococos y enterococos de 15 centros de atención terciaria en ciudades colombianas vivas entre 2001 y 2002. Un total de 597 aislamientos estuvieron disponibles para análisis. La identificación se confirmó mediante métodos automatizados y ensayos de PCR multiplex en un laboratorio central. Staphylococcus aureus y estafilococos coagulasa negativos (CoNS) correspondieron al 49,6% y 29,6% de los aislamientos, respectivamente, y el 20,8% se identificaron como enterococos. Las CIM de ampicilina, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol, eritromicina, gentamicina, linezolid, oxacilina, rifampicina, teicoplanina, tetraciclina, trimetoprim / sulfametoxazol (SXT) y vancomicina se determinaron utilizando un método de dilución en agar según fuera apropiado. El cribado de S. aureus resistente a la vancomicina también se llevó a cabo en placas de agar con infusión de cerebro-corazón suplementadas con vancomicina. Se investigó la presencia de genes mecA y van en estafilococos resistentes a meticilina y enterococos resistentes a glucopéptidos (GRE), respectivamente. Todos los estafilococos fueron sensibles a vancomicina, teicoplanina y linezolid. No se encontraron aislados VISA. En S. aureus y CoNS, las tasas más bajas de resistencia se encontraron para SXT (7,4%) y cloranfenicol (10,7%), respectivamente. La resistencia a la oxacilina en S. aureus y CoNS fue de 52% y 73%, respectivamente. El gen mecA se detectó en el 97,5% de los aislados de S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina. En enterococos, la resistencia a glicopéptidos fue del 9,7%: se encontraron genes vanA (58,3%) y vanB (41,7%). La electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado indicó que los aislados de GRE estaban estrechamente relacionados. Las tasas de resistencia a ampicilina, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol, rifampicina y niveles altos de gentamicina y estreptomicina fueron 9. 7%, 27,4%, 8,9%, 43%, 17% y 28,2%, respectivamente. Todos los enterococos fueron sensibles a linezolid.Invasive isolates of staphylococci and enterococci were collected from 15 tertiary care centres in live Colombian cities from 2001 to 2002. A total of 597 isolates were available for analysis. Identification was confirmed by both automated methods and multiplex PCR assays in a central laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) corresponded to 49.6% and 29.6% of isolates, respectively, and 20.8% were identified as enterococci. MICs of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, linezolid, oxacillin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and vancomycin were determined using an agar dilution method as appropriate. Screening for vancomycin-resistant S. aureus was also carried out on brain-heart infusion agar plates supplemented with vancomycin. The presence of mecA and van genes was investigated in methicillin-resistant staphylococci and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE), respectively. All staphylococci were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. No VISA isolates were found. In S. aureus and CoNS, the lowest rates of resistance were found for SXT (7.4%) and chloramphenicol (10.7%), respectively. Resistance to oxacillin in S. aureus and CoNS was 52% and 73%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 97.5% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. In enterococci, resistance to glycopeptides was 9.7%: vanA (58.3%) and vanB (41.7%) genes were found. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that the GRE isolates were closely related. Rates of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin were 9.7%, 27.4%, 8.9%, 43%, 17% and 28.2%, respectively. All enterococci were susceptible to linezolid

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals