Biomass and carbon content in Galicia (NW Spain) Eucalyptus globulus Labill. stands

Northwestern Spain is one of the most productive forest areas in Europe, being Eucalyptus globulus Labill. the most important species in the area. Stands (pure and mixed) of the species cover more than 400,000 ha, and almost four million cubic metres of timber were produced annually between 2008 and 2012. In this paper we present estimations of total aboveground biomass and the corresponding carbon content in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Galicia, as useful information for further analysis on carbon sequestration balance. We developed several easy-to-use biomass equations, using data collected from cut trees across Galicia, and these were applied to data from the Third (1997) and Fourth (2011) National Forest Inventories in the region. The fitted model with diameter and height as independent variables showed the best estimates (R2 Adj = 0.9965, RMSE = 6.28). Estimations of current (2011) total aboveground biomass was 34.8 Mt and for the carbon was 15.7 MtS

Assessing site quality using the National Forest Inventory

A pre-print version of the same manuscript is also available, which entitles "Assessing site quality using the National Forest Inventory"Sustainable production of wood is one of the main services provided by forest systems. Site productivity in the case of forests is often evaluated through the site quality. However, most of the works addressing the site quality have been done at local or regional scale. In this work, we aim to develop site quality models for five dominant species in Spanish forests (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus pinaster atlantica, Quercus pyrenaica, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris) and create site quality maps at a national-scale from these models. First, we develop site quality models using site form (height-diameter relationship) as the reference index and the Spanish National Forest Inventory as dataset. Then, we fit spatial additive models entering physiographic and climatic variables in order to predict the site quality over the whole country. Additionally, we plot site form maps for the five species in order to describe spatial pattern in site quality at a national scale. Altitude and aspect appeared to be fundamental variables in the assessment of site quality. The accuracy of the spatial additive models ranged from 38.2% to 47.9%. The correspondence between the predicted and observed maps of site qualities is clear. Our results provide a tool which could be used by forest managers in land use planning as well as in forest policy decision-making at a national scale. We suggest that this method could be used in other countries and that the maps could be expanded to the European scale to assessing the way in which site quality varies across Europe always considering that the relationships between forest productivity and environmental variables could vary among biogeoclimatic zonesMarie Sklodowska-Curie Action, Towards a worldwide quantification of forest degradation (QUAFORD) 699884 AEI/FEDER, UE, AGL, AGL2016-76769-C2-2-R AEI/FEDER, UE, IJCI-2014-20614S

Micobiota de plantas donadoras y hongos filamentosos contaminantes del establecimiento in vitro de cinco especies forestales

Although protocols to propagate large numbers of woody species by in vitro culture have been developed, microbial contamination of explants is a fundamental problem which limits its application. The objectives of this study were: to identify the donor plant mycobiota and to identify filamentous fungi contaminants at the establishment phase of mahogany, teak, majagua, pine and cedar. Explants of donor plants were placed in moist chamber and were prepared to direct optical microscope of fungal growth. Cultural characteristics and morphological were taken into account to identify filamentous fungi contaminants in the establishment phase. Frequency of all genera identified was determined. Eleven genera of filamentous fungi in donor plants and twenty genera in the establishment of forest species were identified. The genera Botryodiplodia, Cephalosporium, Diplodia, Dreschlera, Geotrichum, Gloeosporium Helminthosporium, Memnoniella, Oidiodendron and Rhinoclediella appeared only during establishment phase. Others such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cercospora, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Colletotricum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Pestalotia were detected in donor plants and during establishment phase. This indicates that the possible source of contamination was the initial explant. The most frequent genera were Botryodiplodia in teak, Nigrospora in majagua and Alternaria in pine, cedar and mahogany. A phytosanitary plan of defence for donor plants was developed. The plan included systemic and contact fungicides whose spectrum of activity covered the identified genera of fungi.Keywords: cedar, mahogany, majagua, micropropagation, microbial contamination, pine, teakA pesar de que se han desarrollado protocolos para propagar un gran número de especies forestales por cultivo in vitro, la contaminación fúngica de los explantes constituye uno de los problemas fundamentales que limita su aplicación. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar la micobiota de plantas donadoras y los hongos filamentosos contaminantes del establecimiento in vitro de explantes de cinco especies forestales (caoba, teca, majagua, pino y cedro). De plantas donadoras se tomaron explantes que se colocaron en cámara húmeda. Se realizaron preparaciones directas al microscopio óptico del crecimiento fúngico, se aislaron e identificaron los géneros presentes. Además, se aislaron e identificaron los hongos filamentosos contaminantes de la fase de establecimiento. Se identificaron 11 géneros fúngicos presentes en las plantas donadoras y 20 como contaminantes del establecimiento in vitro. Botryodiplodia, Cephalosporium, Diplodia, Dreschlera, Geotrichum, Gloeosporium Helminthosporium, Memnoniella, Oidiodendron y Rhinoclediella aparecieron solamente durante la fase de establecimiento, mientras que Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cercospora, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Colletotricum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium y Pestalotia se detectaron en plantas donadoras y durante la fase de establecimiento, lo que indicó que el explante inicial fue la posible fuente de contaminación. Los géneros más frecuentes fueron Botryodiplodia en teca, Nigrospora en majagua y Alternaria en pino, cedro y caoba. A partir de estos resultados se elaboró un plan de defensa fitosanitario para plantas donadoras que incluyó fungicidas sistémicos y de contacto cuyo espectro de acción cubría los géneros de hongos identificados.Palabras clave: caoba, cedro, contaminación microbiana, majagua, micropropagación, pino, tec

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hallazgos por imagen de tumor carcinoide bronquial en hospital de La Habana

It is present a case of teenager without comorbidities, who had recurrent respiratory infections during three months without improving besides proper medical treatment. Imaging post-hospitalization control documented in imaging studies a right lower lobe lesion with endobronchial grow and bronchoscopy confirmed a growing into the lumen tumoral mass of such lobular bronchi. A biopsy was performed and an pathological study reported carcinoid tumor typical type. Even though it is a rare entity, carcinoids tumors are neuroendocrine neoplasms that can be found in the respiratory system among this population group and it should be considered in a repetitive respiratory infections scene. Imaging studies should be part of every patient evaluation that course with complications as well as a tool for other entities differential diagnosis.Se presenta un caso de adolescente sin comorbilidades, quien cursó durante tres meses con infecciones respiratorias a repetición sin mejoría a pesar de manejo médico apropiado. En imagen de control posterior a la hospitalización, se documenta en estudios de imagen lesión del lóbulo inferior derecho con crecimiento endoluminal y mediante broncoscopía se confirma la presencia de una masa tumoral en la luz del bronquio para dicho lóbulo. Se realiza biopsia y el estudio anatomopatológico reporta tumor carcinoide variedad típica. A pesar que es una entidad poco frecuente, el tumor carcinoide es una neoplasia neuroendócrina que se puede presentar en el sistema respiratorio en este grupo poblacional y se debe considerar en el contexto de infecciones respiratorias a repetición. Los estudios de imagen deberían ser parte de la evaluación de todo paciente que cursa con complicaciones de infecciones respiratorias y en el diagnóstico diferencial de otras entidades respiratorias

Sistema de Adquisición de Datos con comunicación inalámbrica

A wireless Data Adquisition System (DAS) for the remote environmental monitoring using a sensors workstation was designed and implemented. The system is based on a PIC microcontroller and a PC interconnected by an XBee transmission/reception module based on ZigBee technology, which allows the bidirectional wireless communication between them. The acquisition, digitalization, processing, transmission, storage and presentation of the information are achieved by mean of two programs specifically designed for this application.En este trabajo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un Sistema de Adquisición de Datos (SAD) con comunicación inalámbrica, aplicable al monitoreo remoto de parámetros ambientales con una estación de sensores. El sistema está basado en un microcontrolador PIC y una microcomputadora a los que se les ha incorporado un módulo de transmisión/recepción del tipo XBee, basados en la tecnología ZigBee, que permite la comunicación inalámbrica bidireccional entre ellos. La adquisición, digitalización, procesamiento, transmisión, así como el almacenamiento y la presentación de la información, se realiza con el empleo de dos programas diseñados específicamente para esta aplicación

Biomass and carbon content in Galicia (NW Spain) Eucalyptus globulus Labill. stands

Northwestern Spain is one of the most productive forest areas in Europe, being Eucalyptus globulus Labill. the most important species in the area. Stands (pure and mixed) of the species cover more than 400,000 ha, and almost four million cubic metres of timber were produced annually between 2008 and 2012. In this paper we present estimations of total aboveground biomass and the corresponding carbon content in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Galicia, as useful information for further analysis on carbon sequestration balance. We developed several easy-to-use biomass equations, using data collected from cut trees across Galicia, and these were applied to data from the Third (1997) and Fourth (2011) National Forest Inventories in the region. The fitted model with diameter and height as independent variables showed the best estimates (R2 Adj = 0.9965, RMSE = 6.28). Estimations of current (2011) total aboveground biomass was 34.8 Mt and for the carbon was 15.7 Mt