From Perturbation Theory to Confinement: How the String Tension is built up

We study the spatial volume dependence of electric flux energies for SU(2) Yang-Mills fields on the torus with twisted boundary conditions. The results approach smoothly the rotational invariant Confinement regime. The would-be string tension is very close to the infinite volume result already for volumes of $(1.2 \ {\rm fm.})^3$. We speculate on the consequences of our result for the Confinement mechanism.Comment: 6p, ps-file (uuencoded). Contribution to Lattice'93 Conference (Dallas, 1993). Preprint INLO-PUB 18/93, FTUAM-93/4

An approach to the study of post-depositional processes affecting inter-proximal wear facets and buccal enamel surfaces in hominid teeth

The reconstruction the diet and dietary related habits of our ancestors is very informative about their evolutionary behaviour and adaptability. One method to infer diet from skeletal remains is to study the dental microwear pattern of teeth, since these constitute the most abundant remains in the fossil record. By using dental enamel microwear as a direct evidence for food consumption, we can obtain direct evidence of hominid ecology and adaptation to fluctuating environments. During mastication, food repeatedly contacts with dental enamel and abrasive particles, such as phytoliths present in plant tissues, are bound to scratch and rub the enamel surface of teeth. Many fossil teeth generally show poor enamel preservation caused by post-mortem damage, not informative of diet. Therefore, knowledge of ante-mortem buccal microwear variability as well as post-mortem enamel damage is required to make dietary inferences on fossil human populations. The absence of striation-like features on the inter-proximal facets, as opposed to the fine microstriations generally present on the buccal tooth surfaces, may be considered as indicative of lack of post-depositional processes affecting fossil teeth. However, experimental studies on enamel damage have shown that taphonomic processes rarely produce micro-striations on the enamel. Since taphonomic processes are expected to affect in the same manner to all enamel surfaces in the isolated teeth, a clear microwear distinction between buccal and interdental surfaces would be indicative of no post-mortem damage. Thereby, the comparison of occlusal-to-buccal and interproximal-tobuccal enamel surfaces stands as the best method to discriminate post-mortem damage on tooth enamel surfaces for dietary analysis in ancient primate populations

El fracaso en la resolución de problemas de Física : una investigación orientada por nuevos supuestos

Cuestiona la explicación habitual del fracaso de los alumnos al resolver problemas. Se propone un modelo alternativo. Se presentan los resultados de la puesta en práctica del modelo con alumnos de 17 años, comparando con grupos de control, de igual y mayor edad

Practical training of secondary school teachers in Spain: Tutoring and assessment using ICT

This study is part of a larger R&D project that analyses the quality of training and the digital skills taught during the preservice training of teachers, as well as during the master's degree dissertation (TFM in Spanish) in the Degree in Education in Spain. The study is descriptive and exploratory in nature. It combines mixed techniques that are used on four sources: 1) External practice guides and dissertations (TFM) from 37 Spanish Faculties of Education; 2) interviews with a sample of 7 Master coordinators; 3) A survey on 94 university tutors from the above-mentioned universities, in charge of trainee teachers' external practice and dissertations (TFM); and 4) Interviews with 46 school tutors from practice schools. Results show the persistence of different situations and a lack of definition in the guidelines as well as in some teachers' perceptions that have more to do with educational models of the past. Among other aspects to improve, this degree shows a marginal use of ICT during Practicum and Dissertation phases, also a lack of assessment criteria in the guides regarding portfolios, theory/practice coordination, tutorship or prevention of plagiarism is observed in most of the studied cases. © 2020 Anadolu Universitesi

NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY BASED ON CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL POLYMERS. STRUCTURE ANALYSIS BY SAXS.

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymers (ChLCP), synthetized in our laboratory through a stereoselective polycondensation reaction1 as multifunctional optically active materials, have been extensively characterized 2 by NMR, Raman spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, molecular modeling, and SAXS/WAXS. These ChLCP behave both as thermotropic and lyotropic, confering interesting macromolecular properties indicative of potential application on the biomedical and engineering field. They have shown to be biocompatible against macrophages and fibroblasts cellular lines, and able to interact with biomacromolecules such as lipids (both neutral and cationi) and nucleic acids, the structures of the complexes being identified by synchrotron radiation source 3, 4, 5. Cationic liposomial/surfactant systems based on our CLCP were developed which entrapped DNA plasmids, acting as non viral cationic vectors for gene therapy, which successfully transfected in several tumor cell lines 6, 7. Cationic functionalized ChLCP have been synthesized, dispersed in TAE (0,04M TRIS; 0,001M EDTA) and complexed directly with commercial DNA of increasing complexity: [Poly-A]; [Poly-C]; [Poly-G]; [PolydT]; [PolyC-PolyG]; [PolyAC-PolydT]; commercial calf thymus DNA and plasmid. Three different proportions ChLCP:DNA were prepared: (1:2), (1:1), and (2:1) respectively by mixing and digesting for 12h in a swinging shaker. Neutron scattering experiments, had shown sufficient contrast (scattering length density difference) between new cholesteric PTOBEE-Ammonium (1.5 to 1.9 x 1010 /cm2) and polynucleotide [PolyC-PolyG] (3.32 x 1010 /cm2) for contrast variation SANS experiments. This experiment was successfully performed at NIST 8. The structure of the cationic complexes has been studied by SAXS at the BM16 beamline at ESRF, at room temperature. A monochromatized beam at = 0,9795 Å was used. Two-dimensional data recorded by an image-plate detector was placed at 5975 cm from the sample. The program Fit2D was employed to evaluate the beam centre position and to generate a mask file. Binary data are normalized by the detector response and pixels are radially averaged into 1D. Silver behenate (d= 58.3 Å) was used to calibrate the angular axis. Structural analysis of the cationic complexes is proposed.Peer reviewe

Structure of non-viral vectors based on cholesteric liquid-crystal polymers by SAXS

Cationic polymers, at physiological pH, are used to condense anionic nucleic acids, as healing agent, into nano-sized particle-like complexes called “polyplexes”, through self-assembly driven by electrostatic interactions. By compressing DNA molecules to a relatively small size, cellular internalization is facilitated and, thus, transfection efficacy is improved.New non-viral vector formulations are proposed for gene therapy.Cationic liquid-crystal polymers, synthetized as cholesteric and biocompatible, are directly complexed with polynucleotides of increasing complexity (both single and double stranded)or with two kinds of deoxyribonucleic acid (Plasmid PBR322 and calf-thymus DNA). Structural information of thepolyplexes is studied by SAXS at the BM16 beamline at ESRF.The radii of gyration (Rg) of the Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Polymer aggregates and polyplexes suspended in TAE, have been calculated from the slope of the corresponding Guinier plots Ln (I) vs q2 (slope = Rg2/3). Information about the shape is estimated by plotting I(q) vs q*Rg.Fractal nature is also analyzed from Porod plots[Ln I(q)-B] vs Ln (q).The interaction between the new cationic cholesteric liquid-crystal polymers and oligonucleotides and DNA is confirmed in all the studied cases.Peer reviewe

Resistorless Implementation of Lossy Filters Using Coaxial SIW Resonators With Non-uniform Q

[EN] A technique for designing bandpass filters with very flat amplitude response is presented in this paper. The approach is based on the use of non-uniform-Q resonators implemented in coaxial substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. An important unloaded Q-factor ratio can be obtained by adequately controlling several layout parameters of the basic resonator cell, thus enabling to optimize the in-band response of the filter. The approach is experimentally demonstrated at X-band frequencies by designing two resonators in Rogers RO4003C (¿ r = 3.55, tan ¿ = 0.0027) with unloaded Q-factors going from 53 to 270. Then, a 4th-order filter example with 2 transmission zeros is designed, fabricated and measured based on the former results. The filter is centered at 10 GHz with a 280 MHz bandwidth showing a in-band flatness better than 1 dB-pp, which would require an unloaded Q-factor about 600 for a uniform-Q implementation, therefore showing the advantages of the proposed approach for implementing bandpass filters for high-end RF and microwave applications.Marín-Martínez, S.; Martínez Pérez, JD.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2021). Resistorless Implementation of Lossy Filters Using Coaxial SIW Resonators With Non-uniform Q. IEEE. 27-29. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMFW49589.2021.9642374272

Implementing Quasi-Elliptic Microstrip Filters Using Terminating Half Sections

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] This letter presents a technique for the introduction of transmission zeros (TZs) using half section matched terminations for implementing high selectivity filters in planar technology. The proposed technique does not require any cross coupling between nonadjacent resonators or multiple signal paths, and it can be easily incorporated on any planar filter using lumped, quasi-lumped, and/or distributed elements depending on the desired response. Two different bandpass filter topologies are employed for applying the proposed technique. Both prototypes are designed, manufactured, and measured. The measured results show that the TZs can be independently located very close to the passband edges, without degrading the original filter response.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under Grant TEC2013-48036-C3-3-R and Grant TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R.Marín-Martínez, S.; Martínez Pérez, JD.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2018). Implementing Quasi-Elliptic Microstrip Filters Using Terminating Half Sections. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 28(9):783-785. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2018.2855562S78378528

“Anne Connery”, una aventura gráfica basada en inteligencias artificiales.

Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Grado en Ingeniería Informática. Curso académico 2020-2021.[ES]El propósito del trabajo será el desarrollo completo/demostración jugable de un videojuego Píxel Art 2D en forma de aventura gráfica. En este se encarnará a Nathan Keighley, un abogado que tendrá que resolver varios casos. Durante la aventura el jugador deberá recolectar información, investigar con dicha información, realizar negociaciones y enfrentarse a un jurado popular en los juzgados, así como enfrentarse a decisiones morales que cambiarán el transcurso de la historia. Se desarrollará una inteligencia artificial completa para algunos de los personajes más relevantes de la historia (fiscales, jueces), de manera que estos puedan reaccionar a las decisiones del jugador de manera inteligente y a su vez aprender cómo actúa para, en futuras conversaciones, prever como va a actuar el jugador y ajustar la dificultad en función de sus conocimientos. El objetivo fundamental de estas IA será tratar de ganar negociaciones/juicios/disputas frente alabogado principal (el jugador).[EN]The purpose of the work will be the complete development / playable demonstration of a 2D Pixel Art video game in the form of a graphic adventure. In this he will play Nathan Keighley, a lawyerwho will have to solve several cases. During the adventure the player must collect information, investigate with said information, conduct negotiations and face a popular jury in court, as well as face moral decisions that will change the course of history. A complete artificial intelligence will be developed for some of the most relevant characters in history (prosecutors, judges), so that they can react to the player's decisions in an intelligent way and in turn learn how he acts to, in future conversations, foresee how the player will act and adjust the difficulty based on his kno wledge. The fundamental objective of these AIs will be to try to win negotiations / trials / disputes against the main lawyer (the player

Nuevas formas y espacios de vivir el pan. Una descripción etnográfica del ‘buen pan’ del siglo XXI

Durante toda la historia del pan, hasta bien entrado el siglo XX, éste ha estado presente en buena medida en la vida de las personas. No es hasta el último tercio de siglo pasado cuando parece que empieza a perder el poder simbólico que ha tenido. Desde hace una década el pan de masa madre ha venido a ocupar esa centralidad gracias a la creación de nuevos espacios en las ciudades donde su producción ha recuperado lo artesanal creando una gran diversidad de panes con nuevos y ricos significados simbólicos. En este trabajo se estudian dos obradores de masa madre de Madrid con el fin de encontrar estos significados, así como la importancia que tienen los espacios públicos y privados de producción y consumo prestando atención a los actores que entran en juego: panaderos que lo producen con sus manos a la vista de las personas que compran y consumen el pan en sus casas