Improvement of biomethane potential of sewage sludge anaerobic co-digestion by addition of “sherry-wine” distillery wastewater

Co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS) with other unusually treated residues has been reported as an efficient method to improve biomethane production. In this work, Sherry-wine distillery wastewater (SWDW) has been proposed as co-substrate in order to increase biomethane production and as a breakthrough solution in the management of both types of waste. In order to achieve this goal, different SS:SW-DW mixtures were employed as substrates in Biomethane Potential (BMP) tests. The biodegradability and biomethane potential of each mixture was determined selecting the optimal co-substrate ratio. Results showed that the addition of SW-DW as a co-substrate improves the anaerobic digestion of SS in a proportionally way in terms of CODs and biomethane production The optimal co-substrates ratio was 50:50 of SS:SW-DW obtaining %VSremoval ¼ 54.5%; YCH4 ¼ 225.1 L CH4/kgsv or 154 L CH4/kgCODt and microbial population of 5.5 times higher than sole SS. In this case, %VSremoval ¼ 48.1%; YCH4 ¼ 183 L CH4/ kgsv or 135 L CH4/kgCODt. The modified Gompertz equation was used for the kinetic modelling of biogas production with successful fitting results (r2 ¼ 0.99). In this sense, at optimal conditions, the maximum productivity reached at an infinite digestion time was (YMAX CH4 ) ¼ 229 ± 5.0 NL/kgSV; the specific constant was K ¼ 25.0 ± 2.3 NL/kgSV$d and the lag phase time constant was (l) ¼ 2.49 ± 0.1

Biomethane production improvement by enzymatic pretreatments and enhancers of sewage sludge anaerobic digestion

Enzymatic hydrolysis is recognised as an effective pre-treatment for increasing biodegradability of sludge. In this work, isolated commercial enzymes as well as in-situ enzymes producer bacteria were used respectively as enhancers and pre-treatments of sewage sludge. Biodegradability of sample as well as biomethane potential production were studied. Results showed that depuration efficiencies in terms of CODs (73.5-85.5 %) and TVS (28.5-42.7 %) were more than twice the control value. In addition, pre-treated samples as well as enhanced samples with enzymes generated more biomethane than control. The optimal ones, were those with the isolated proteases (P) and with bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis) treatment in-situ (F), producing a total volume of 72.4 ± 2.62 ml CH4 and 114 ml ± 0.46 CH4, respectively, increasing the biogas volume in 3.65 and 5.77 times respectively compared with control

The influence of nitrate leaching through unsaturated soil on groundwater pollution in an agricultural area of the Basque country: a case study

The average nitrate concentration in the groundwater of the Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country) quaternary aquifer rose from 50 mg NO3−/l during 1986 to over 200 mg/l in 1995, which represents an increase of some 20 mg NO3−/l per year. From 1995 to 2002, the nitrate concentration of the groundwater slightly decreased. Nitrategroundwaterpollution during the period 1986–1993 was the result of the abusive use of fertilizers and of the modification in the recharge patterns of the aquifer from surface water sources. From 1993 onwards, apart from a possible rationalization in fertilizer use, the change in the origin of water for irrigation and wetland restoration (water is taken now from artificial pools outside the quaternary aquifer) must be explained in order to account for the observed decrease in nitrate concentration in the groundwater. The water of the aquifer and of the unsaturated zone were studied in two experimental plots (one of them cultivated and the other uncultivated) for 18 months (January 1993–June 1994), during the period of maximum contamination, to evaluate the effect of fertilizers on soil water and on the water in the saturated zone. The soil water was sampled using soil lysimeters at various depths. The volumetric water content of the soil was measured at the same depths using time domain reflectrometry (TDR) probes. Samples of groundwater were taken from a network of wells on the aquifer scale, two located close to the two experimental plots. The temporal evolution of nitrate concentrations in soil solutions depends on the addition of fertilizers and on soilnitrateleaching by rain. During episodes of intense rain (>50 mm in a day), the groundwater deposits are recharged with water coming from the leaching of interstitial soil solutions, causing an increase in the groundwaternitrate concentrations. The mass of nitrate leached from the cultivated zone is five times higher than that of the nitrate leached from the uncultivated zone (1147 kg NO3−/ha in the cultivated sector as against 211 kg NO3−/ha in the uncultivated sector), although part of the nitrate leached into the soil had been previously deposited by the rise of the water table. If we consider that the level of groundwater input is similar in both plots, we may conclude that 964 kg NO3−/ha circulated towards the groundwater in the cultivated zone during the period under study, representing 87% of the nitrate applied to the soil in the form of fertilizer during that period

De la gestión urbana al empresarialismo en la ciudad de Madrid.

La explosión urbana de la conurbación madrileña en los últimos diez años se aborda desde en una dimensión cuantitativa como visibilización espacial del proceso de acumulación de capital en el territorio metropolitano, y desde una dimensión más cualitativa sobre los nuevos modos de producción subjetiva de ciudad a los que están contribuyendo estos territorios ex-novo. A continuación se aborda la cuestión desde la óptica de la nueva gobernanza metropolitana y se esbozan las relaciones entre las formas de gobierno de la ciudad ?en lo social, lo político y lo económico? y sus consecuencias sobre las formas de gestión del territorio

Algunos recursos en internet para mejorar la enseñanza de la geografía

El gran aumento de información digitalizada, accesible on line, en un mundo globalizado, ha puesto a disposición del profesorado de Geografía y, en general, de Ciencias Sociales una gran cantidad de recursos que pueden ser utilizados en la enseñanza y también en la formación de los docentes. Algunos de estos recursos ya tenían cierta tradición de uso en formato convencional, apareciendo ahora más fácilmente accesibles; otros son nuevos recursos producidos digitalmente. Por ello tiene interés facilitar al profesorado una selección de estos recursos útiles para la enseñanza de la Geografía, organizados en diez grandes secciones temáticas, para un mejor aprovechamiento de los mismosThe great increase in on-line digital information in a global world has made available a great amount of resources that can be used by Geography and, in general, Social Sciences teachers in education and also in teacher training. Some of these resources already had a certain tradition of use in a conventional format but had now become more easily accessible; others are new digitally produced resources. That is why it is interesting to provide teachers a selection of these useful resources for Geography teaching, organized in ten great thematic sections in order to make a better use of them

III Jornadas Bienales de Jóvenes Investigadores en Proteómica, Santiago de Compostela 2012: una visión de futuro y optimismo ante un horizonte incierto

Comunicaciones a congreso

How we are portrayed, is that what we are?

Estudio descriptivo que utiliza como fuente de datos material bibliográfico y digital. Tiene por objeto analizar la visión que de la enfermería tiene la sociedad y el papel desarrollado por la profesión enfermera en el ámbito cotidiano. Se constata el escaso impacto de nuestra profesión como autora de artículos de difusión popular en el ámbito de la Educación para la Salud, así como la visión romántica o frívola que la literatura contemporánea y los medios de comunicación ofrecen de la enfermería, como reflejo de una opinión pública muy extendida.Descriptive study using literature and digital material as sources, its aim is to analyse the perception society has of nursing and the role nurses play in daily life. The scarce impact of our profession as authors of dissemination articles in the field of Health Education is a fact. So is the romantic or frivolous view of Nursing that current literature and mass media offer, as a reflection of common public opinion

El juguete de hojalata reinventado artísticamente

Pérez García, C. (2012). El juguete de hojalata reinventado artísticamente. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27642.Archivo delegad

Pluralismo, fuentes de información y deontología: Elecciones Autonómicas y Municipales de 2015 en El País y El Mundo

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodism

El efecto spillover de la M-30 de Madrid

Este artículo propone una metodología para medir el efecto desbordamiento o spillover que produce una infraestructura de transporte, en este caso viaria de carácter urbano (M-30), sobre los municipios limítrofes, y su impacto en la movilidad urbana y metropolitana de Madrid. Se utiliza un modelo de demanda de vehículo privado de la región de Madrid para cuantificar el número de viajes de la M-30 con origen o destino en estos municipios