LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL VALOR PATRIOTISMO DESDE LA CLASE DE HISTORIA DE AMÉRICA

Realizar una investigación sobre la educación en valores en el ámbito escolar y elproblema que esto encierra, es hoy un asunto medular para el proceso docente educativo cubano dada la importancia social de formar las nuevas generaciones. En el presente trabajo se exponen los fundamentos esenciales que demuestran las potencialidades de las clases de Historia de América para educar en el valor patriotismo. El hecho de reflexionar en torno a las posibilidades que brinda el programa de Historia de América en décimo grado para potenciar la educación del valor patriotismo se convierte en el objetivo de la misma. En el trabajo se destacan las consideraciones en relación con la educación en valores en la escuela cubana y su papel en la educación del valor patriotismo en la Educación Media Superior, además se declaran los fundamentos del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Historia de América que permiten educar en el valor patriotismo

ESTRATEGIA DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE DIDÁCTICA PARA LA PROFESIONALIZACIÓN DEL DOCENTE UNIVERSITARIO

The preparation of teachers, in the educational area, can be achieved in various ways in Cuban universities. The educational research and postgraduate courses are essentially the expedited way. In this regard the Center of Studies of Didactics at the University of Las Tunas, addresses the strategy followed to ensure the university professor's permanent formation. It has four strategic directions: 1) Basic formation and professional development, 2) Academic formation, 3) Scientific formation and 4) Management of knowledge. The strategy summarizes the results achieved in the events of Educational Innovation from year 1999, the Magazine Didasc@lia: Didactics and Education, indexed in the group 3 and approved in the base of SciELO with their special numbers dedicated to the topic, as well as the experience in the direction of projects of pedagogic research, the academic and scientific formation which constitute spaces for the professional formation of the university faculty through the educational researchEn las universidades cubanas la preparación de los docentes, en el área pedagógica, se puede lograr por diversas vías. La investigación educativa y el posgrado son por excelencia las vías expeditas. En tal sentido el Centro de Estudios de Didáctica de la Universidad de Las Tunas (CEDUT), aborda en esta ponencia la estrategia de trabajo seguida para garantizar la formación permanente del profesor universitario. La misma tiene cuatro direcciones estratégicas: 1) Formación básica y superación profesional, 2) Formación académica, 3) Formación investigativa y 4) Gestión del conocimiento. La estrategia sintetiza los resultados alcanzados en los eventos de Innovación Educativa desde año 1999, la Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación indexada en el grupo 3 y aprobado en la base de SciELO con sus números especiales dedicados al tema, así como la experiencia en la dirección de los proyectos de investigación pedagógica, el diplomado para adiestrados, la formación académica y científica, las cuales constituyen espacios para la profesionalización del docente universitario a través de la investigación educativa y el posgrado

Immune system disorders, cancer and viral infections: A new treatment opportunity for the immune checkpoint inhibitors

Producción CientíficaThe relationship between viral infections and cancer is well known and has been established for decades. Multiple tumours are generated from alterations secondary to viral infections 2 resulting from a dysregulation of the immune system in many cases. Certain causal relationships, such as that between the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal cancer or hepatitis C and B viruses in hepatocarcinoma, have been clearly established, and their implications for the prognosis and treatment of solid tumours are currently unknown. Multiple studies have evaluated the role that these infections may have in the treatment of solid tumours using immunotherapy. A possible relationship between viral infections and an increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been established at a theoretical level in solid neoplasms, such as EBV-positive cavum cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and oropharyngeal cancer. These could yield a greater response associated with the activation of the immune system secondary to viral infection, the consequence of which is an increase in survival in these patients. That is why the objective of this review is to assess the different studies or clinical trials carried out in patients with solid tumours secondary to viral infections and their relationship to the response to ICIs

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE 16 GENOTIPOS DE LEGUMINOSAS HERBÁCEAS ASOCIADO CON MAÍZ EN NIQUINOHOMO Y MANAGUA

Este ensayo experimental documenta el comportamiento agronómico general de leguminosas herbáceas asociadas con maíz, bajo manejo en dos ambientes ecológicos diferentes de Nicaragua: Finca Santa Rosa, Sabana Grande, Managua y el Rancho Agropecológico en Especies Menores Ebenezer, RAEME, Niquinohomo, Masaya, para tal fin se emplearon como tratamientos 7 especies y 16 variedades de leguminosas herbáceas asociadas con maíz (Zea mays), variedad NB6, más maíz establecido en monocultivo, a los cuales se les analizó mediante las variables germinación, altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, cobertura, presencia de daño foliar por insectos, presencia de malezas, porcentaje de materia seca, kg de materia seca por hectárea, número de nódulos, peso de raíz y porcentaje de Nitrógeno en biomasa de las leguminosas. El diseño del ensayo experimental constó de tres bloques al azar, dispuestos en forma perpendicular entre sí, cada bloque fue dividido en 17 parcelas. Al analizar los resultados se encontró que en la Finca Santa Rosa Vigna unguiculata verde brasil (vun1) y en RAEME, Vigna unguiculata 284/2 (Vun3) fueron la s leguminosas que presentaron mejor comportamiento, en relación al maíz, en la Finca Santa Rosa presentó mejor comportamiento al estar asociado con Vigna unguiculata 131-2 (Vun5), en RAEME, fue el maíz asociado con Centrosema plumieri (Cp). Así mismo los resultados indican que al asociar el maíz con leguminosas se obtienen mejores resultados que estando solo. Para ambos sitios se determinó que el mejor asocio fue maíz - Vigna unguiculataverde brasil (vun1), ya que proporciona para ambas especies calificaciones similares, demostrando un equilibrio entre los dos cultivos.Palabras Clave: Leguminosas herbáceas, variedades, abonosverdes, interacción, comportamiento agronómico

Progress in detection and projection of climate change in Spain since the 2010 CLIVAR-Spain regional climate change assessment report

Special Issue on climate over the Iberian Peninsula: an overview of CLIVAR-Spain coordinated science

Prognostic Value of D-dimer to Lymphocyte Ratio (DLR) in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Validation Study in a National Cohort

Background: This study aimed to validate the role of the D-dimer to lymphocyte ratio (DLR) for mortality prediction in a large national cohort of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study that included hospitalized patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022. All biomarkers and laboratory indices analyzed were measured once at admission. Results: A total of 10,575 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 66.9 (+/- 16) years, and 58.6% (6202 patients) of them were male. The overall mortality rate was 16.3% (n = 1726 patients). Intensive care unit admission was needed in 10.5% (n = 1106 patients), non-invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 8.8% (n = 923 patients), and orotracheal intubation was required in 7.5% (789 patients). DLR presented a c-statistic of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.68-0.71) for in-hospital mortality with an optimal cut-off above 1. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association for in-hospital mortality for DLR > 1 (adjusted OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.09-4.04; p = 0.03); in the same way, survival analysis showed a higher mortality risk for DLR > 1 (HR 2.24; 95% CI 2.03-2.47; p < 0.01). Further, no other laboratory indices showed an independent association for mortality in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This study confirmed the usefulness of DLR as a prognostic biomarker for mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, being an accessible, cost-effective, and easy-to-use biomarker in daily clinical practice

Ethnicity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the Multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Background: This work aims to analyze clinical outcomes according to ethnic groups in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain. (2) Methods: This nationwide, retrospective, multicenter, observational study analyzed hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry) from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to ethnicity (Latin Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Asians, North Africans, Europeans). The outcomes were in-hospital mortality (IHM), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Associations between ethnic groups and clinical outcomes adjusted for patient characteristics and baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index values and wave were evaluated using logistic regression. (3) Results: Of 23,953 patients (median age 69.5 years, 42.9% women), 7.0% were Latin American, 1.2% were North African, 0.5% were Asian, 0.5% were Sub-Saharan African, and 89.7% were European. Ethnic minority patients were significantly younger than European patients (median (IQR) age 49.1 (40.5-58.9) to 57.1 (44.1-67.1) vs. 71.5 (59.5-81.4) years, p < 0.001). The unadjusted IHM was higher in European (21.6%) versus North African (11.4%), Asian (10.9%), Latin American (7.1%), and Sub-Saharan African (3.2%) patients. After further adjustment, the IHM was lower in Sub-Saharan African (OR 0.28 (0.10-0.79), p = 0.017) versus European patients, while ICU admission rates were higher in Latin American and North African versus European patients (OR (95%CI) 1.37 (1.17-1.60), p < 0.001) and (OR (95%CI) 1.74 (1.26-2.41), p < 0.001). Moreover, Latin American patients were 39% more likely than European patients to use IMV (OR (95%CI) 1.43 (1.21-1.71), p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The adjusted IHM was similar in all groups except for Sub-Saharan Africans, who had lower IHM. Latin American patients were admitted to the ICU and required IMV more often

The Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET): prospects for biodiversity research and conservation in the Neotropics

Biodiversity research and conservation efforts in the tropics are hindered by the lack of knowledge of the assemblages found there, with many species undescribed or poorly known. Our initiative, the Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET), aims to address this problem by assembling georeferenced data from a wide range of sources, making these data easily accessible and easily queried, and promoting data sharing. The database (GIVD ID NA-00-002) currently comprises ca. 50,000 tree records of ca. 5,000 species (230 in the IUCN Red List) from \u3e2,000 forest plots in 11 countries. The focus is on trees because of their pivotal role in tropical forest ecosystems (which contain most of the world\u27s biodiversity) in terms of ecosystem function, carbon storage and effects on other species. BIOTREE-NET currently focuses on southern Mexico and Central America, but we aim to expand coverage to other parts of tropical America. The database is relational, comprising 12 linked data tables. We summarise its structure and contents. Key tables contain data on forest plots (including size, location and date(s) sampled), individual trees (including diameter, when available, and both recorded and standardised species name), species (including biological traits of each species) and the researchers who collected the data. Many types of queries are facilitated and species distribution modelling is enabled. Examining the data in BIOTREE-NET to date, we found an uneven distribution of data in space and across biomes, reflecting the general state of knowledge of the tropics. More than 90% of the data were collected since 1990 and plot size varies widely, but with most less than one hectare in size. A wide range of minimum sizes is used to define a \u27tree\u27. The database helps to identify gaps that need filling by further data collection and collation. The data can be publicly accessed through a web application at http://portal.biotreenet.com. Researchers are invited and encouraged to contribute data to BIOTREE-NET

Escuchar, comprender; colaborar: la medicina narrativa como método de aprendizaje-servicio en la formación médica

Memoria ID2022-128 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Fostering English-taught higher education programs in a Spanish university: the "TechEnglish" innovative project

In recent years, coinciding with adjustments to the Bologna process, many European universities have attempted to improve their international profile by increasing course offerings in English. According to the Institute of International Education (IIE), Spain has notably increased its English-taught higher education programs, ranking fifth in the list of European countries by number of English-taught Master's programs in 2013. This article presents the goals and preliminary results of an on-going innovative education project (TechEnglish) that aims to promote course offerings in English at the Technical University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM). The UPM is the oldest and largest of all Technical Universities in Spain. It offers graduate and postgraduate programs that cover all the engineering disciplines as well as architecture. Currently, the UPM has no specific bilingual/multilingual program to promote teaching in English, although there is an Educational Model Whitepaper (with a focus on undergraduate degrees) that promotes the development of activities like an International Semester or a unique shared curriculum. The TechEnglish project is an attempt to foster courses taught in English at 7 UPM Technical Schools, including students and 80 faculty members. Four tasks were identified: (1) to design a university wide framework to increase course offerings, (2) to identify administrative difficulties, (3) to increase visibility of courses offered, and (4) to disseminate the results of the project. First, to design a program we analyzed existing programs at other Spanish universities, and other projects and efforts already under way at the UPM. A total of 13 plans were analyzed and classified according to their relation with students (learning), professors (teaching), administration, course offerings, other actors/institutions within the university (e.g., language departments), funds and projects, dissemination activities, mobility plans and quality control. Second, to begin to identify administrative and organizational difficulties in the implementation of teaching in English, we first estimated the current and potential course offerings at the undergraduate level at the UPM using a survey (student, teacher and administrative demand, level of English and willingness to work in English). Third, to make the course offerings more attractive for both Spanish and international students we examined the way the most prestigious universities in Spain and in Europe try to improve the visibility of their academic offerings in English. Finally, to disseminate the results of the project we created a web page and a workspace on the Moodle education platform and prepared conferences and workshops within the UPM. Preliminary results show that increasing course offerings in English is an important step to promote the internationalization of the University. The main difficulties identified at the UPM were related to how to acknowledge/certify the departments, teachers or students involved in English courses, how students should register for the courses, how departments should split and schedule the courses (Spanish and English), and the lack of qualified personnel. A concerted effort could be made to increase the visibility of English-taught programs offered on-line