Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory capacity of beta-sitosterol in rodent assays

Background: Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a compound discovered to be present in numerous plants. A number of interesting biomedical properties have been attributed to BS, including immuno-modulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the aim of this report was to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity by applying various rodent experimental tests.Methods. To carry out the objective of the study we applied the methods indicated here. Two of the adopted methods were based on the passive reverse Arthus reaction: the rat paw edema test and the rat pleurisy assay. We also applied two methods related with the non-specific acute inflammation: the mouse ear edema test, and the mouse mieloperoxidase activity assay.Results. The results obtained in all tests established a significant anti-inflammatory potential of BS. In the rat paw edema test we found an inhibitory effect which goes from 50-70%; in the rat pleurisy assay our findings with respect to the volume of pleural exuded showed a reduction of 46%, as well as a 20% low amount of neutrophils in comparison with the level of the control group. In the mouse ear edema test we found a mean inflammatory inhibition of 75%, and with respect to mieloproxidase activity the results showed a significant inhibition induced by the three doses of BS.Conclusions. In the present study we determined a potent anti-inflammatory capacity of BS in specific and nonspecific types of acute inflammation in rodents.Keywords: Beta-sitosterol, anti-inflammatory assays, mouse, ra

Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria, inmunológica y antioxidante de beta-sitosterol en modelos murinos / Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, immunological and antioxidant activity of beta-sitosterol in murine models

Antecedentes: el beta-sitosterol (BS) es un compuesto presente en numerosas plantas. Se le han atribuido varias propiedades biomédicas interesantes del BS, incluidas actividades inmunomoduladoras y antiinflamatorias. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este informe fue evaluar su capacidad antiinflamatoria mediante la aplicación de varias pruebas experimentales en roedores.  Métodos: Para llevar a cabo el objetivo del estudio se aplicaron los siguientes métodos. Dos métodos basados en la reacción pasiva inversa de Arthus: el ensayo de edema de pata de rata y el ensayo de pleuresía de rata, así como dos métodos relacionados con la inflamación aguda inespecífica: el ensayo de edema de oreja de ratón y el ensayo de actividad de mieloperoxidasa de ratón. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos en todas las pruebas establecieron un importante potencial antiinflamatorio de BS. En la prueba de edema de pata de rata encontramos un efecto inhibidor que va del 50-70%; en el ensayo de pleuresía de rata nuestros hallazgos con respecto al volumen de exudado pleural mostraron una reducción del 46%, así como una cantidad baja de neutrófilos del 20% con respecto al nivel del grupo control. En el ensayo de edema de oreja de ratón encontramos una inhibición inflamatoria media del 75%, y respecto a la actividad mieloproxidasa los resultados mostraron una inhibición dependiente de la dosis inducida por BS. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio determinamos una potente capacidad antiinflamatoria de BS en tipos específicos y no específicos de inflamación aguda en roedores

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Evaluación de la capacidad antigenotóxica, antioxidante e inmunoestimulante de pteropodina y beta-sitosterol

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI, ENCB, 2010, 1 archivo PDF, (63 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

Investigation of the DNA Damage and Oxidative Effect Induced by Venlafaxine in Mouse Brain and Liver Cells

Venlafaxine is an antidepressant used worldwide. Therefore, studies to confirm its safe use are mandatory. This report evaluated the drug DNA damage capacity in the brain and liver of ICR mice, and its oxidative effect on DNA, lipids, and proteins, as well as the amount of nitrites, also in the brain and liver. Determinations were made at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h post-treatment, excluding DNA oxidation that was observed at 2 h. The tested doses of venlafaxine were 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg. The results showed DNA damage in the brain with the two more elevated doses of venlafaxine at 2 and 6 h post-treatment and also at 12 h in the liver. The comet assay plus the FPG enzyme showed DNA damage in both organs with all doses. The two high doses increased lipoperoxidation in the two tissues from 6 to 12 h post-administration. Protein oxidation increased with the three doses, mainly from 2 to 12 h, and nitrite content was elevated only with the high dose in the liver. The drug was found to affect both tissues, although it was more pronounced in the liver. Interestingly, DNA oxidative damage was observed even with a dose that corresponds to the therapeutic range. The clinical relevance of these findings awaits further investigations

Detección y expresión de SapS, una fosfatasa ácida no específica clase C con actividad de o-fosfo-tirosina-fosfatasa en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus de pacientes con osteomielitis crónica

Introduction. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors involved in chronic osteomyelitis remains unresolved.SapS, Class C” Non-Specific Acid Phosphatase (NSAP, known virulence factors) was identified in S. aureus 154 from rotting vegetables.Objective. SapS, Class “C” Non-Specific Acid Phosphatase (NSAP, known virulence factors) was identified in S. aureus 154 from rotting vegetables.Materials and methods. sapS gene was isolated and sequenced from 12 clinical isolates of S. aureus and two reference strains; 49 S. aureus strains and 11 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were tested by in silico PCR. Culture media semi-purified protein extracts from the clinical strains were assayed for phosphatase activity with p-nitro-phenyl-phosphate (p-NPP), and o-phospho-L-tyrosine (o-p-L-tyrosine), o-p-L-serine, and o-p-L-threonine, testing them with various phosphatase inhibitors.Results. sapS gene was detected in clinical and in silico S. aureus tested strains but not the in silico CoNS strains. Sec-type I lipoprotein-type N-terminal signal peptide sequences characteristic of S. aureus secreted proteins and aspartate bipartite catalytic domains coding sequences were found by sapS gene nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. SapS dephosphorylated p-NPP and o-p-L-tyrosine selectively; these reactions were resistant to tartrate and fluoride but sensitive to vanadate and molybdate.Conclusion. sapS gene was found in clinical isolates and in silico S. aureus strains. SapS shares biochemical similarities with known virulent bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) which suggests it may be a virulence factor in chronic osteomyelitis.Introducción. La identidad de los factores de virulencia de Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) implicados en la osteomielitis crónica sigue sin resolverse. SapS, una Fosfatasa Ácida No Específica Clase C (NSAP, factores de virulencia conocidos) fue identificada en S. aureus 154 de vegetales podridos.Objetivo. Buscar el gen sapS y caracterizar la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS de cepas de S. aureus causantes de osteomielitis crónica y en S. aureus de una base de datos in silico.Materiales y métodos. Se investigó y secuenció el gen sapS en 12 aislados clínicos de S. aureus y dos cepas de referencia; in silico en 49 cepas de S. aureus y 11 estafilococos coagulasa negativos (CoNS). Se analizó la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS de los extractos de los sobrenadantes de cultivos de cepas clínicas con p-nitro-fenil-fosfato (p-NPP) y o-p-L-tirosina, serina y treonina y usando varios inhibidores de fosfatasas.Resultados. sapS se encontró en el genoma de las cepas clínicas y en 49 cepas de S. aureus pero no en CoNS. La secuenciación de SapS revelaron un péptido señal N-terminal de proteínas extracelulares y los dominios bipartita de aspartato (DDDD) de su sitio catalítico, hidroliza p-NPP y o-fosfo-tirosina selectivamente es resistente a tartrato y fluoruro, pero sensible a vanadato y molibdato.Conclusión. sapS se encuentra en el genoma de aislados clínicos de S. aureus SapS es específica para o-p-L-tirosina comparte similitudes bioquímicas con las proteínas tirosina fosfatasas (PTP) bacterianas por lo que puede formar parte de la red de factores de virulencia en la osteomielitis crónica

Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay

[Severe post-COVID-19 dialysis dependence and inpatient acute kidney injury]

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 challenged our health system, within the broad clinical spectrum acute kidney injury was presented as a catastrophic event, acute kidney injury and the risk of dependency after dialysis constitute a clinical problem with high repercussions in the funcionality.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To identify risk factors for dialysis dependence after acute kidney injury from COVID-19</p><p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, from March 2020 to March 2021. 317 patients were included, we performed descriptive statistics, we compared differences between the stages of acute kidney injury, finding a difference in obesity with a frequency of 2.2% in stage 1, 20.82% stage 2 and 14.51% stage 3, with <i>p</i> value = 0.018.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> We found dialysis dependence one year after hospital-acquired acute kidney injury induced by COVID-19 in 58 patients (18.9%), we analyzed by KDIGO stage, in those patients who had AKI KDIGO 1 (2.83%) it depended on dialysis at one year, in the KDIGO stage 2 (3.78%), in the KDIGO stage 3 (11.67%)</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study allowed us to identify that the risk factors associated with dialysis dependence are: male gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Introducción:</strong> la COVID-19, retó a nuestro sistema de salud, dentro del amplio espectro clínico la lesión renal aguda se presentó como un evento catastrófico, la lesión renal aguda y el riesgo de dependencia posterior a diálisis constituye un problema clínico con alta repercusión en la funcionalidad.</p><p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> identificar los factores de riesgo para la dependencia a diálisis posterior a lesión renal aguda por COVID-19</p><p><strong>Material y métodos:</strong> se realizó un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, del periodo de marzo del 2020 a marzo del 2021. Se incluyeron 317 pacientes, realizamos estadística descriptiva, comparamos diferencias entre los estadios de lesión renal aguda encontrando diferencia en obesidad con frecuencia de 2.2% en estadio 1, de 20.82% estadio 2 y de 14.51% estadio 3, con valor <i>p </i>= 0.018 </p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> encontramos la dependencia a diálisis a un año posterior a lesión renal aguda intrahospitalaria inducida por COVID-19 en 58 pacientes (18.9%), analizamos por estadio de KDIGO, en aquellos pacientes que cursaron con LRA KDIGO 1 (2.83%) dependió de diálisis a un año, en el estadio KDIGO 2 (3.78%), en el estadio KDIGO 3 (11.67%)</p><p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> nuestro estudio permitió identificar que los factores de riesgo que se asocian con dependencia a diálisis son: sexo masculino, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidad, enfermedad cardiovascular. </p&gt

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Pteropodine in Rodents

Pteropodine (PT) is a component of some plants with potentially useful pharmacological activities for humans. This compound has biomedical properties related to the modulation of the immune system, nervous system, and inflammatory processes. This study addresses the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of pteropodin in a murine model of arthritis and induced edema of the mouse ear. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, we used the reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR), which includes the rat paw edema test, the rat pleurisy test, and a mouse ear edema model. The antioxidant effect of PT was evaluated by determining the myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. PT showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the different specific and non-specific tests. We found a 51, 66 and 70% inhibitory effect of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of PT, respectively, in the rat paw edema test. In the pleurisy assay, 40 mg/kg of PT induced a low neutrophil count (up to 36%) when compared to the negative control group, and 20 mg/kg of PT increased the content of lymphocytes by up to 28% and the pleural exudate volume decreased by 52% when compared to the negative control group, respectively. We also found an 81.4% inflammatory inhibition of the edema ear with 0.04 mg/ear of PT, and a significant myeloperoxidase enzyme inhibition by the three doses of PT tested. We conclude that PT exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect in the acute inflammation model in rodents