In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582001000200006&lng=es&nrm=isoThe in vitro biocontrol ability of Trichoderma harzianum on the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata improved in the presence of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3), or indolacetic acid (IAA) or benzylaminopurine (BAP) or foliar nutrient at concentrations similar or higher than those used at the field level. These plant hormones decreased the secretion of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) of A. alternata by approximately 20%, did not modify endochitinase (endo-CH) secretion of T. harzianum and did not alter germination of conidia or mycelia growth of any of these fungi. The presence of T. harzianum decreased endo-PGase secretion of A. alternata by about 50%. This inhibitory effect was independent of the presence of growth regulators. The level of secreted endo-PG of T. harzianum was not modified by the presence of A. alternata, but the presence of this phytopathogen in cultures of T. harzianum, increased both the growth of the biocontroller and its secretion of endo-CH

Periodismo en línea y desarrollo de blogs como alternativa de expresión informativa

El término “blog” proviene de las palabras Web y Log, y se ha convertido en unaherramienta de recuento de historias paralelas, ya que a través de ellos es posiblevisualizar distintas interpretaciones a un mismo acontecimiento.Si bien el origen de los blogs es personal, a últimas fechas los medios periodísticosen línea han colocado blogs como recurso de interacción entre sus lectores. Esto lesha arrojado retroalimentación, y ha permitido obtener una sensibilidad directa de laopinión pública en formación y promueve nuevos temas a insertarse en la agenda.El presente trabajo revisa los blogs como alternativas de información al recursoperiodístico, analizando el comportamiento de los blogs insertados en diversosperiódicos y sitios de información periodística en línea

MoMA Algorithm: A Bottom-Up Modeling Procedure for a Modular System under Environmental Conditions

The functioning of complex systems relies on subsystems (modules) that in turn are composed of multiple units. In this paper, we focus on modular systems that might fail due to wear on their units or environmental conditions (shocks). The lifetimes of the units follow a phase-type distribution, while shocks follow a Markovian Arrival Process. The use of Matrix-Analytic methods and a bottom-up approach for constructing the system generator is proposed. The use of modular structures, as well as its implementation by the Modular Matrix-Analytic (MoMA) algorithm, make our methodology flexible in adapting to physical changes in the system, e.g., incorporation of new modules into the current model. After the model for the system is built, the modules are seen as a ‘black box’, i.e., only the contribution of the module as a whole to system performance is considered. However, if required, our method is able to keep track of the events within the module, making it possible to identify the state of individual units. Compact expressions for different reliability measures are obtained with the proposed description, optimal maintenance strategies based on critical operative states are suggested, and a numerical application based on a k-out-of-n structure is developed.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency PID2020-120217RB-I00 PID2021-123737NB-I00Junta de Andalucia B-FQM-284-UGR20 CEX2020-001105-/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

The continuous-time hidden Markovmodel based on discretization. Properties of estimators and applications

Universidad de Granada/CBU

Selection of bioantagonistic bacteria to be used in biological control of Rhizoctonia solani in tomato

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602011000100002&lng=es&nrm=isoBacteria from the rhizoplane and surrounding soil of healthy and Rhizoctonia solani diseased tomato plants, cropped in greenhouse of the V Region of Chile, were collected. The best bacterial strains, based on their ability to control development of three R. solani isolates (identified as belonging to the anastomosis groups AG-2-1, AG-4), were identified as B. subtilis (one isolate) and B. lentimorbus (two different isolates). All bacterial isolates resulted effective for the in vitro control of growth of all R. solani isolates, where the control mechanisms used by the bacteria do not involve the secretion of fungal cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. R. solani AG-2-1 was more sensitive than R. solani AG-4. On the other hand, all bacteria grew well in conditions similar to those that can be found at the field level (considering pH, salinity, Fe3+ and temperature) and showed a good capacity of tomato root colonization. These results suggest that the B. subtilis and B. lentimorbus isolates studied have an excellent potential to be used as biocontrol agents of R. solani in tomato greenhouses at the field level

Statistical supervised learning with engineering data: a case study of low frequency noise measured on semiconductor devices

The authors thank the Laboratory of Nanoelectronics in the Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC-UGR) at the University of Granada (Spain) for providing the data for the study. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through grants number RTI2018-099723-B-I00, and PID2020-120217RB-I00; the Spanish Junta de Andalucia through grants number B-FQM-284-UGR20 and B-CTS-184-UGR20; and the IMAG-Maria de Maeztu grant CEX2020-001105-/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The comments from two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor that have helped to improve the quality of the paper are also acknowledged.Our practical motivation is the analysis of potential correlations between spectral noise current and threshold voltage from common on-wafer MOSFETs. The usual strategy leads to the use of standard techniques based on Normal linear regression easily accessible in all statistical software (both free or commercial). However, these statistical methods are not appropriate because the assumptions they lie on are not met. More sophisticated methods are required. A new strategy based on the most novel nonparametric techniques which are data-driven and thus free from questionable parametric assumptions is proposed. A backfitting algorithm accounting for random effects and nonparametric regression is designed and implemented. The nature of the correlation between threshold voltage and noise is examined by conducting a statistical test, which is based on a novel technique that summarizes in a color map all the relevant information of the data. The way the results are presented in the plot makes it easy for a non-expert in data analysis to understand what is underlying. The good performance of the method is proven through simulations and it is applied to a data case in a field where these modern statistical techniques are novel and result very efficient.Spanish Government RTI2018-099723-B-I00 PID2020-120217RB-I00Junta de Andalucia B-FQM-284-UGR20 B-CTS-184-UGR20IMAG-Maria de Maeztu grant CEX2020-001105-/AE

Acompañamiento pedagógico que realiza la Directora para fortalecer el desempeño docentes de la Escuela Pública “Pablo Antonio Cuadra” del Municipio de Nindirí, Departamento de Masaya, durante el II semestre del año lectivo 2016

La Escuela Pública Pablo Antonio Cuadra se encuentra ubicada en la comunidad de San Francisco del municipio de Nindirí, departamento de Masaya. El estudio de investigación se basa en el “Acompañamiento Pedagógico que realiza la Directora a los docentes”, esta se realizó de forma objetiva y científica con el fin de obtener los resultados que permitiera valorar el proceso que realiza para desarrollar el acompañamiento de los docentes en el aula de clase y de esta forma brindar posibles alternativas de mejoras ante el problema presentado Este tema es de vital importancia debido a la trascendencia que tiene el Acompañamiento Pedagógico en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje en la actualidad para los docentes y estudiantes del turno Matutino de este centro educativo Presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. Las variables principales del tema son: Acompañamiento Pedagógico y el Desempeño Docente. Para el estudio se seleccionó una muestra de 49 personas, entre ellas se mencionan a la directora, 7 docentes y una muestra de 41 estudiantes de sexto grado. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron guía de entrevista, guía de encuesta y guía de observación documental. Este permitió obtener los siguientes resultados, la directora realiza acompañamiento pedagógico de manera mensual a los docentes, beneficiando de esta manera el desempeño de los docentes, ya que toman las sugerencias que se le brinda permiten mejorar los procesos académicos. Se sugiere a la directora que continúe realizando los acompañamientos de manera periódica tomando en cuenta todas las disciplinas que se desarrollan en las aulas de clas

The continuous-time hidden Markov model based on discretization. Properties of estimators and applications

This work was jointly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency through grants numbered PID2020-120217RB-I00 and PID2021-123737NB-I00, and the IMAG-Maria de Maeztu grant CEX2020-001105-/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and by the Spanish Junta de Andalucia through grant number B-FQM-284-UGR20.In this paper we consider continuous-time hidden Markov processes (CTHMM). The model considered is a two-dimensional stochastic process (Xt, Yt) , with Xt an unobserved (hidden) Markov chain defined by its generating matrix and Yt an observed process whose distribution law depends on Xt and is called the emission function. In general, we allow the process Yt to take values in a subset of the q-dimensional real space, for some q. The coupled process (Xt, Yt) is a continuous-time Markov chain whose generator is constructed from the generating matrix of X and the emission distribution. We study the theoretical properties of this two-dimensional process using a formulation based on semi-Markov processes. Observations of the CTHMM are obtained by discretization considering two different scenarii. In the first case we consider that observations of the process Y are registered regularly in time, while in the second one, observations arrive at random. Maximum-likelihood estimators of the characteristics of the coupled process are obtained in both scenarii and the asymptotic properties of these estimators are shown, such as consistency and normality. To illustrate the model a real-data example and a simulation study are considered.Universidad de Granada/CBUAIMAG-Maria de Maeztu CEX2020-001105-/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Spanish Junta de Andalucia B-FQM-284-UGR20Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency PID2020-120217RB-I00, PID2021-123737NB-I0

Optimization and Validation of HS-GC/MS Method for the Controlled Release Study of Microencapsulated Specific Bioattractants for Target-Plaguicide Production

Insect plagues are a problem often hard to solve due to the harmful effects caused by the pesticides used to combat them. Consequently, the pesticide market is increasingly trying to develop new technologies to prevent the unwanted effects that common plague treatments usually bring with them. In this work, four specific bioattractants of Musca domestica, extracted from fungi (β-ocimene, phenol, p-cresol, and indole) were microencapsulated with β-cyclodextrin in order to produce an economically and environmentally sustainable bait containing biocides in the near future. Cyclodextrins will retain these volatile compounds until their use by the consumer when the product comes into contact with water. Then, the bioattractants will be released in the medium in a controlled manner. An analytical methodology based on headspace extraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) has been developed and validated following Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Commission Directorate General for Health and Food Safety guidelines for the bioattractants controlled release study from the microencapsulated product. The analytical method has been shown to be accurate and precise and has the sensitivity required for controlled release studies of the four bioattractants analyzed. The release of the bioattractants from microencapsulated products achieved the “plateau” after 3 h in all cases.This research was funded by University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (project GIU19/068)

Multiplicative local linear hazard estimation and best one-sided

This paper develops detailed mathematical statistical theory of a new class of cross-validation techniques of local linear kernel hazards and their multiplicative bias corrections. The new class of cross-validation combines principles of local information and recent advances in indirect cross-validation. A few applications of cross-validating multiplicative kernel hazard estimation do exist in the literature. However, detailed mathematical statistical theory and small sample performance are introduced via this paper and further upgraded to our new class of best one-sided cross-validation. Best one-sided cross-validation turns out to have excellent performance in its practical illustrations, in its small sample performance and in its mathematical statistical theoretical performance