Turismo de base comunitária e resiliência socioecológica em espaços territoriais protegidos e adjacências: uma revisão de metodologias aplicadas

O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão das metodologias aplicadas em estudos cujo foco central é a análise da relação do Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) e a Resiliência Socioecológica (RSE) em espaços territoriais protegidos e adjacências. Para tal, foram selecionados artigos revisados por pares, com um recorte temporal de 2010 a 2021, utilizando-se das bases de dados Web of Science e Science Direct. O escopo temático dos periódicos indica a transdisciplinaridade do TBC e da RSE, comprovando a utilização da última como chave analítica em vários domínios do conhecimento. Os estudos caracterizaram-se, em sua maioria, pela análise de fatores lentos de mudança e por recortes temporais curtos. A prevalência foi de estudos de natureza qualitativa, com a utilização da metodologia de estudos de casos e a aplicação de múltiplos métodos de recolha de informação. Dentre os métodos de análise de informação, houve predomínio da análise de conteúdo (content analysis) e teoria fundamentada (grounded theory). Constatou-se que a maior parte dos estudos baseou-se em quadros conceituais compilados a partir de variados autores. Existem lacunas de investigação de estudos longitudinais, de metodologias de natureza mista (qualitativa e quantitativa), de análises em distintas escalas geográficas, de análises que comparem percepções de atores variados e abordagens de pesquisa-ação. Ademais, evidenciou-se um crescente interesse pela temática TBC x RSE nos anos recentes, assim como a necessidade de uma maior cobertura de estudos em territórios caracterizados pela alta sociobiodiversidade e pela presença da atividade turística

Dietary supplementation of heat-treated Gracilaria and Ulva seaweeds enhanced acute hypoxia tolerance in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Intensive aquaculture practices involve rearing fish at high densities. In these conditions, fish may be exposed to suboptimal dissolved O2 levels with an increased formation of reactive O2 species (ROS) in tissues. Seaweeds (SW) contain biologically active substances with efficient antioxidant capacities. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of heat-treated SW (5% Gracilaria vermiculophylla or 5% Ulva lactuca) on stress bioindicators in sea bream subjected to a hypoxic challenge. 168 fish (104.5 g average weight) were distributed in 24 tanks, in which eight tanks were fed one of three experimental diets for 34 days: (i) a control diet without SW supplementation, (ii) a control diet supplemented with Ulva, or (iii) a control diet with Gracilaria. Thereafter, fish from 12 tanks (n=4 tanks/dietary treatment) were subjected to 24 h hypoxia (1.3 mg O2 l-1) and subsequent recovery normoxia (8.6 mg O2 l-1). Hypoxic fish showed an increase in hematocrit values regardless of dietary treatment. Dietary modulation of the O2-carrying capacity was conspicuous during recovery, as fish fed SW supplemented diets displayed significantly higher haemoglobin concentration than fish fed the control diet. After the challenge, survival rates in both groups of fish fed SW were higher, which was consistent with a decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation in these groups. Furthermore, the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were modulated differently by changes in environmental O2 condition, particularly in sea bream fed the Gracilaria diet. After being subjected to hypoxia, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecular chaperones in liver and heart were down regulated in sea bream fed SW diets. This study suggests that the antioxidant properties of heat-treated SW may have a protective role against oxidative stress. The nature of these compounds and possible mechanisms implied are currently being investigated.Fil: Magnoni, Leonardo Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Martos Sitcha, Juan Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Queiroz, Augusto. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Calduch Giner, Josep Alvar. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Magalhaes Gonçalves, Jose Fernando. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Rocha, Cristina M.R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Abreu, Helena T.. ALGAplus; PortugalFil: Schrama, Johan W.. Wageningen University; Países BajosFil: Ozorio, Rodrigo O.A.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Perez Sanchez, Jaume. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ

Aerocistite aguda induzida por tioglicolato, lipolisacarídeo e Aeromona hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus: efeitos hematológicos

The effects of swim bladder injection with thioglycolate, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila were assessed on hematological responses in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae). A quantitative assessment was done on erythrocytes, thrombocytes e leucocytes at 6, 24, and 48 h pos-injection of the inflammatory agents and compared with fish injected with saline solution (control). Fish injected with inactivated A.hydrophila showed a reduction of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, whereas the hematocrit increased 6 h pos-injection.The results show that thioglycolate and LPS also induced a reduction on hemoglobin and an increase on the hematocrit. The thrombocytes count decreased 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, whereas increased 48 hours post LPS injection. The leukocytes count increased after 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, while the lymphocytes and PAS-positive granularleukocytes (PAS-LG) count decreased after 24 h post injection. In fish injected with thioglycolate or with LPS showed an increase in the LG-PAS counts when compared to A. hydrophila or control groups. The monocytes count was not affected by the different inflammatory agents.Os efeitos da injeção de tioglicolato, lipolissacarídio de Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila inativada na bexiganatatória de pacus, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) foram avaliados quanto às respostas de células vermelhas,leucócitos e trombócitos do sangue. Ensaios quantitativos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram realizados6, 24 e 48 h após os estímulos e comparados com peixes que receberam solução salina 0,65% pela mesma via. Peixes inoculados com A. hydrophila apresentaram redução do número de eritrócitos e da taxa de hemoglobina enquanto ohematócrito aumentou 6 h após o estímulo. Os resultados mostraram que o tioglicolato e o LPS também induziram redução da hemoglobina e aumento do hematócrito. A contagem de trombócitos diminuiu 6 h após a inoculação deA. hydrophila inativada e aumentou 48 horas após a injeção de LPS. A contagem de leucócitos aumentou 6 h após ainoculação de A. hydrophila enquanto a de linfócitos a leucócitos granulares PAS positivos (PAS_LG) diminuiu 24 hdepois. Peixes injetados com tioglicolato o LPS apresentaram aumento do número de LG_PAS em relação aos inoculadoscom A. hydrophila inativada ou grupo controle. A contagem de monócitos não foi afetada pelos diferentes agentes

Changes in intestinal microbiota, immune- and stress-related transcript levels in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) fed plant ingredient diets intercropped with probiotics or immunostimulants

Author's accepted version (post-print).Available from 04/03/2018.Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a highly valued flatfish that grows well with diets containing plant ingredients but their effects on immune competence is still a matter of debate. The current study aimed to examine changes in innate immune parameters and gut microbiota in Senegalese sole fed with 35% or 72% of plant ingredients with or without probiotic or yeast supplementation. Overall, fish fed diets with 72% of plant ingredients showed lower transcript levels of key immune- and stress-related genes in distal intestine, rectum and head-kidney than the 35% diets. In particular, hsp90b mRNA levels in distal intestine were down-regulated by 70% and 60% with the use of high content of plant ingredients in the diet containing the multispecies probiotic and autolyzed yeast, respectively. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed lower similarity values for distal intestine than rectum. Also fish fed high content of plant ingredients displayed lower similarity values, pointing to a difference in the microbial populations between fish fed different plant ingredients content on the diet. Our data revealed that inclusion of plant ingredients was associated with differences in gene expression and a more diverse microbiota profile but without a significant effect on growth performance. Moreover, probiotic supplementation resulted in up-regulation of hsp90b, gpx, cat and apoa1 transcript levels in distal intestine concomitantly with a growth rate reduction compared to non-supplemented fish

Solid-state fermentation as green technology to improve the use of plant feedstuffs as ingredients in diets for european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization by juvenile European sea bass of a SSFed PF mixture with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088. A 22-day digestibility and a 50-day growth trial were performed testing four diets, including 20 or 40% of an unfermented or SSFed PF mixture (rapeseed, soybean, rice bran, and sunflower seed meals, 25% each). SSF of the PF added cellulase and β-glucosidase activity to the diets. Mycotoxin contamination was not detected in any of the experimental diets except for residual levels of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (100 and 600 times lower than that established by the European Commission Recommendation-2006/576/EC). In diets including 20% PF, SSF did not affect growth but increased apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. On the contrary, in diets including 40% PF, SSF decreased growth performance, feed intake, feed and protein efficiency, and diet digestibility. SSF decreased the intestinal amylase activity in the 40% SSFed diet, while total alkaline proteases decreased in the 20% and 40% SSFed diets. Hepatic amino acid catabolic enzyme activity was not modulated by SSF, and plasma total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of moderate levels of the SSFed PF, up to 20%, improves the overall feed utilization efficiency without negatively impacting European sea bass growth performance. The replacement of PF with the SSFed PF mixture may contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of aquaculture production.Simple Summary: The rapid growth of the world’s population has increased the demand for seafood, leading to the expansion of aquaculture to fulfill these needs and reduce the pressure on wild fish stocks. Plant feedstuffs (PFs) are often used as the main protein source in aquafeeds due to their wide availability and low cost. However, PFs usually contain high levels of non-starch polysaccharides that limit their utilization in aquafeeds, mainly for carnivorous fish. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a cost-effective technological process that may reduce anti-nutritional factor levels while improving nutrient digestibility and the production of several bioactive compounds, enhancing feedstuffs’ nutritional value in aquafeeds. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of using a PF mixture (rapeseed, soybean, rice bran, and sunflower seed meals, 25% each) solid-state fermented (SSFed) with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088 at two inclusion levels (20% and 40%) on European sea bass juveniles’ growth performance, feed digestibility, digestive and catabolic enzyme activity, and plasma metabolites. Overall, the SSFed PF mixture improved the overall feed digestibility, and utilization efficiency, when included at balanced level (20%) without negatively impacting fish growth performance, but not at the higher level (40%).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/04423/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/04423/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. 2020.05525.BDFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/115870/2016Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/137919/2018Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/143614/201

Optimization of plastic polymers for shellfish aquaculture infrastructures: in situ antifouling performance assessment

Biofouling poses a significant challenge to bivalve aquaculture affecting both the target culture and/or the immersed infrastructure. In suspended bivalve cultures (e.g., oysters and scallops), biofouling accumulation leads to additional labor demands and increased costs for the maintenance of underwater structures. Given that the inherent properties of materials used in farming infrastructure influence the formation of fouling communities, evaluating how these materials perform under diverse environmental conditions can help the industry select the most effective materials for preventing or minimizing biofouling growth. This study evaluates the impact of aquaculture material and environmental conditions on biofouling, focusing on two commonly used plastic polymers in marine aquaculture: polyamide (PA) and high-density polyethylene (PE). Both untreated and color-additive treated polymers were tested for their response to fouling development. Performance was gauged by total fouling wet weight and the extent of fouling-induced mesh occlusion. Experimental panels were deployed for 4 months (from May to September 2021) in estuarine (oyster farm) and marine (port) environments on the northern coast of Portugal. The marine sites exhibited greater fouling species diversity, while higher biofouling loads were found in the subtidal estuarine area. Within 3 months, complete mesh occlusion occurred mainly due to colonial hydroids (Obelia dichotoma) in the subtidal site. In contrast, panels deployed in the intertidal estuarine area had lower fouling biomass and mesh occlusion. Notably, significant differences between polymer types and treatments were only evident in the estuarine intertidal area, with long air exposure during low tide. White panels outperformed orange ones in fouling biomass, and PA panels outperformed PE panels in mesh occlusion. These differences were attributed to the settlement and growth of the acorn barnacle Austrominius modestus, known to favor dark-colored and less hydrophilic surfaces. Considering that oyster production in intertidal areas is one of the most important aquaculture industries globally, these findings offer valuable insights into material selection and characteristics that can mitigate fouling loads and their associated impacts. These results could also be relevant for other forms of bivalve aquaculture where infrastructure-related biofouling presents a challenge

Evidence confirms an anthropic origin of Amazonian Dark Earths.

Arising from: Silva et al. Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20184-2 (2021

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Dietary Content and Type of Lipids and Selenium Supplement on Fatty Acid Profile in Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>)

Global aquaculture production has increased drastically since mid-1970s, playing an important role as a source for high-protein and essential dietary lipids. Within the new-farmed fish species, meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a suitable candidate species for the diversification of aquaculture. This species has revealed great potential as a farming species, due to its excellent biological characteristics and relatively high growth rates, high efficiency in utilize dietary nutrients and high fertility. In addition, meagre has good marketing potential and can be processed into portions (fillets, loins) to supply the growing segment for portion sized ready-to-cook products, provided commercial size is attained (>2 kg). This study aimed to evaluate lipid level and essential fatty acids incorporation into farmed meagre tissues through the administration of 8 isoproteic diets with varying lipid levels (12 and 17%) consisting of different oil sources (marine fish oil (FO), rich in Oleic, ARA, EPA and DHA and a vegetable oil mix (VO), rich in Oleic, Linoleic and α-Linolenic acids) and two levels of dietary selenium (0.0 and 1.0 mg kg-1) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Fish were distributed into 24 glass-fibre tanks of 80L each and fed in triplicate (3 tanks/treatment, 25 fish/tank) for 90 days. Rearing conditions (temp.: 20.7 ± 0.7 ºC, O2: 8.8 ± 1.7 mg L-1, 12h:12h photoperiod) were daily monitored. During the feeding trial, muscle and liver samples from all eight treatments were excised at 60 days for the determination of total lipids and fatty acids profiles. Fish fed with FO diets have better feed conversion (1.69 ± 0.17 vs. 2.26 ± 0.44), weight gain (13.09 ± 1.59 g vs. 9,97 ± 1.68g) and specific growth rate (0.84 ±0.13 vs. 0.65 ± 0.10) then those fed with vegetable oil. Diets with 12% lipid showed significant differences in weight gain (12.30g to 10.76g) and specific growth rate (0.80 to 0.69) compared with 17% lipid diets. No effects were observed for selenium levels in growth performance of meagre. Total lipid content and several fatty acid profiles changed in both tissues with the dietary lipid source (Tables 1 and 2). Total lipid content in muscle tissue increased with the FO diet, comparatively to the VO diet (6.11 to 7.04%). In liver tissue, it increased abruptly with VO diet (31.59 to 51.73%). The selenium addition in the diets might also be linked to lipid content, as in fatty acid profile. Total muscle tissue lipids supplemented with selenium and VO increased 0.36% in average and total liver lipids increased 6.94% in average. The FO diet supplemented with selenium affects mostly the liver, by reducing the total lipid content. The increment of total lipids in this diet (12% to 17%) also elevates total lipid content in liver 3.14%, in average. The disparity in the fatty acid profile in the specimens fed with different diets reveal elevated rates of fatty acid incorporation in their tissues. EPA (C 20:5) and DHA (C 22:6) fatty acids are more present in the tissues with the fish oil diet. DHA concentrates more in the muscle (16.25% and 8.94%) than in the liver (5.55% and 0.30%) (Table 2). Oleic (C 18:1), linoleic (C 18:2) and α-linolenic (C 18:3) fatty acids are more expressive in the animals supplemented with vegetal oil, being Oleic acid the most accumulated in the liver (40.99%)