STUDI PERFORMASI SUDU TURBIN ANGIN TIPE VERTICAL AXIS BERBAHAN KOMPOSIT

Along with the increasing human population, the use of fossil energy such as oil also increases. While fossil energy is one of the largest contributors to carbon emissions that can cause climate change. One thing that can be done to control climate change is to switch to the use of renewable energy. In the research conducted, turbine blades with a vertical axis were made using carbon fiber composites with different number of blades, namely with 4, 6 and 8 blades. The testing process is carried out with the wind speed of 4; 4.5; and 5 m/s for each turbine with different number of blades. As a wind direction, the researchers used a wind tunnel made of acrylic and pipes as the leg frame. The results of this study are the highest output power achieved by the turbine blades with 4 blades at a wind speed of 5 meters per second with 5,216 watts. While the lowest output power is in the turbine blades with 8 blades at a wind speed of 4 meters per second with a power value of 0.288 W. The turbine with the number of blades 8 has a fairly low output energy than turbines with 4 and 6 blades. The highest efficiency of wind turbine use is achieved by a turbine with a number of 4 blades with a maximum efficiency value of 95,07% and the lowest efficiency is found in a wind turbine with a number of blades. 8 with a maximum percentage of 6,07%

Stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Palaeogene sequences in the southern and eastern Menderes Massif (western Turkey)

The stratigraphy of the uppermost levels of the Menderes Massif is controversial and within its details lie vital constraints to the tectonic evolution of south-western Turkey. Our primary study was carried out in four reference areas along the southern and eastern Menderes Massif. These areas lie in the upper part of the Menderes metamorphic cover and have a clear stratigraphic relationship and contain datable fossils. The first one, in the Akbuk-Milas area, is located south-east of Bafa Lake where the Milas, then Kizilagac; and Kazikli formations are well exposed. There, the Milas formation grades upwards into the Kizilagac formation. The contact between the Kizilagac and the overlying Kazikli formation is not clearly seen but is interpreted as an unconformity. The Milas and Kizilagac formations are also found north of Mugla. in the region of Yatagan and Kavaklidere. In these areas, the Milas formation consists of schists and conformably overlying platform-type, enemy and rudist-bearing marbles. Rudists from the main palaeontological data from which a Santonian-Campanian age is indicated. The Kizilagac formation is characterized by reddish-greyish pelagic marbles with marly-pelitic interlayers and coarsening up debris flow deposits. Pelagic marbles within the formation contain planktonic foraminifera and nanoplankton of late Campanian to late Maastrichtian age. The Kazikli formation is of flysch type and includes carbonate blocks. Planktonic foraminifera of Middle Palaeocene age are present in carbonate lenses within the formation. In the Serinhisar-Tavas area, Mesozoic platform-type marbles (Yilanli formation) belonging to the cover series of the Menderes Massif exhibit an imbricated internal structure. Two rudist levels can be distinguished in the uppermost part of the formation: the first indicates a middle-late Cenomanian age and the upper one is Santonian to Campanian in age. These marbles are unconformably covered by the Palaeocene-Early Eocene Zeybekolentepe formation with polygenetic breccias. In the Cal-Denizli area, the Menderes massif succession consists of cherty marbles and elastic rocks with metavolcanic lenses. The Lower-Middle Eocene Salvan formation lies unconformably on this sequence and is interpreted as equivalent to the marble horizons at Serinhisar but with pelagic facies. The Salvan formation consists of shale, mafic volcanic rock, lenses of limestone and blocks of recrystallized limestone. The Salvan formation is dated here for the first time by Early-Middle Eocene foraminifera and nanoplankton from the matrix of the formation. An angular unconformity exists between the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sequences, suggesting that a phase of deformation affected the southern and eastern part of the Menderes Massif at this time. This deformation may be caused by initial obduction of the Lycian ophiolite onto the passive margin to the north of the Menderes carbonate platform during the latest Cretaceous, Drowning of the platform led to termination of carbonate deposition and deposition of deep water flysch-like elastic sediments

Guest-host Interactions In Sodium Zeolite Y: Structural And Dynamical23na Double-rotation Nmr Study Of H2o, Pme3, Mo(co)6, And Mo(co)4(pme3)2 Adsorption In Na56y

23Na double-rotation NMR (DOR) provides site-specific structural and dynamical information on guest-host interactions within sodium zeolite Y pores. Quantitative adsorption of H2O, PMe3, and Mo(CO)6 guests affects both the positions and line shapes of the 23Na resonances from specific extraframework Na+ sites. The evolution of the 23Na DOR spectra with the progressive introduction of guest molecules allows one to probe direct "solvation" effects involving the Na+ cations in the larger supercages, as well as indirect effects on the Na+ cations in adjacent smaller sodalite cavities. 23Na DOR experiments conducted at two magnetic field strengths confirm that PMe3 coadsorption in 8{Mo(CO)6),16{PMe3)-Na56Y, and PMe3 ligand-substitution in 8{cis-Mo(CO)4(PMe3)2]-Na56Y give rise to progressive deshielding and enhanced quadrupolar interactions of the anchoring Na+ cations in the α-cages, relative to those of the starting material, 8{Mo(CO)6}-Na56Y. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements indicate that adsorption of PMe3 facilitates an increased motion of the Na+ cations and/or guest species inside the α-cages.115256356

Intrazeolite Metal Carbonyl Kinetics: 12co Substitution In Mo(12co)6-na56y By Pme3 And 13co

The first kinetic study is reported for archetypical substitution reactions of PMe3 and 13CO with the well defined intrazeolite system, Mo(12CO)6-Na56Y, for which excellent isosbestic points and first order behaviour are obtained, the activation parameters indicate a highly ordered 'supramolecular' transition state consisting of activated Mo(12CO)6 and PMe3 or 13CO all anchored to the Na+ ions in the α-cage of the host lattice.314114