Estimación de la biomasa área de ecosistemas de matorral en el sur de España

Although forest biomass estimates are vital for estimating carbon fluxes, the database for estimating the biomass or carbon pool in Mediterranean shrub ecosystems is lacking. This paper reports the above-ground phytomass estimates obtained for shrub ecosystems in Southern Spain. The phytomass values obtained were 1143 g m–2 for heath, 447 g m–2 for rock rose thicket-heath, 788 g m–2 for rock rose thicket and 1404 g m–2 for gorse thicket formations; the corresponding values for bushes were 695 g m–2 for mancha phytomass and 1966 g m–2 for Pistacia lentiscus formations. The photosynthetic-to-total phytomass ratio ranged from 0.156 for mancha highbush to 0.213 in rock rose thickets, with a mean value of 0.187 for the study ecosystems as a whole. The estimates of sequestered carbon differed between the shrub-type ecosystems in the interval between 2.23 t ha–1 for Cistus ladanifer to 9.83 t ha–1 for Pistacia lentiscus. A better understanding of biomass in Mediterranean shrub communities will provide useful information on the growth pattern of these species, biomass mapping, remote sensing and regional estimations of primary productivity in these areas.La estimación de biomasa en ecosistemas forestales es un parámetro crucial para el cálculo del ciclo de carbono. Sin embargo, la información disponible para estos ecosistemas sigue siendo insuficiente. En este artículo se presentan los resultados del cálculo de biomasa aérea de algunos ecosistemas de matorral en el sur de España (Montes de Propios-Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz). Los valores de biomasa aérea obtenidos han sido de 1143 g m–2 en brezales, 447 g m–2 en jarales-brezales, 788 g m–2 en jarales puros, 1404 g m–2 en aulagares, 695 g m–2 para mancha, y 1966 g m–2 para lentiscales. El valor de la relación biomasa fotosintética-biomasa área total vario entre 0,156 para mancha y 0,213 para jarales, con un valor medio de 0,187 para el conjunto de formaciones estudiadas. El carbono retenido en estos ecosistemas oscila en el intervalo entre 2,23 t ha–1 para Cistus ladanifer y 9,83 t ha–1 para lentiscares. Una información mas precisa sobre la biomasa de los ecosistemas de matorral puede suponer una ayuda muy importante para la interpretación de la dinámica de estos ecosistemas y la aplicación de nuevas herramientas para su estimación en grandes superficies

Rendimiento de la evaluación cefalométrica para el diagnóstico sagital intermaxilar. Revisión narrativa

ResumenLas anomalías dentomaxilares sagitales son entidades clínicas altamente prevalentes, que afectan entre un 20% y un 40% de la población; en un gran porcentaje se deben a problemas esqueletales máxilo-mandibulares, y se caracterizan por alteraciones del resalte incisivo. Su relevancia radica en que cuando sus manifestaciones son severas, éstas generan alteraciones morfológicas que traen consecuencias funcionales, estéticas y psicológicas, tanto en niños como en adultos. La evaluación cuantitativa de las relaciones sagitales intermaxilares se realiza preferentemente con cefalometría, a través de mediciones que constituyen indicadores diagnósticos. Existen numerosos índices para la clasificación sagital intermaxilar, sin embargo, la información respecto de su valor diagnóstico es escasa, en términos de la sensibilidad y especificidad asociadas al uso de ellos. La presente revisión narrativa tiene por objetivo analizar el rendimiento de la evaluación cefalométrica como herramienta diagnóstica para la medición de la relación sagital intermaxilar en términos de sensibilidad y especificidad. En la actualidad no existe una sola prueba que reúna todas las características ideales para determinar con precisión si un individuo presenta una alteración sagital esqueletal. La información disponible referente a las propiedades de especificidad y sensibilidad de las mediciones cefalométricas sagitales intermaxilares como indicadores diagnósticos es escasa. Entre ellas, el ángulo ANB constituye una herramienta adecuada, simple y válida para determinar estas desarmonías. El uso de pruebas diagnósticas cefalométricas para la evaluación sagital intermaxilar en individuos en crecimiento debe considerar la naturaleza dinámica del desarrollo craneofacial.AbstractSagittal intermaxillary anomalies are highly prevalent clinical entities that affect between 20% and 40% of the population. The origin of a high percentage of them relies on skeletal alterations of the jaws, which are characterized by the presence of an abnormal overjet. Their relevance becomes evident when their manifestations are severe, as they generate morphologic alterations that bring functional, aesthetic and psychological consequences both in children and adults. The quantitative evaluation of the sagital intermaxillary relationships is done preferably with cephalometry, through measurements that represent diagnostic indicators. There are numerous indices used for intermaxillary sagital classification, nevertheless, the information about their diagnostic value is limited, in terms of the sensibility and specificity associated with their use. The aim of the present narrative review is to analyze the performance of the cephalometric evaluation as a diagnostic tool for the measurement of the intermaxllary sagittal relationship in terms of sensibility and specificity. At present, no single cephalometric test assembles all the ideal characteristics to determine accurately if an individual presents a sagittal discrepancy. The available information related to the properties of specificity and sensitivity of the sagital intermaxillary cephalometric measurements as individual diagnostic indices is scarce. Among them, the ANB angle constitutes a suitable, simple and valid tool to determine these disharmonies. The use of cephalometric diagnostic tests for the sagittal intermaxillary evaluation in growing individuals must consider the dynamic nature of craniofacial development

Hot-Moments of Soil CO2 Efflux in a Water-Limited Grassland

The metabolic activity of water-limited ecosystems is strongly linked to the timing and magnitude of precipitation pulses that can trigger disproportionately high (i.e., hot-moments) ecosystem CO2 fluxes. We analyzed over 2-years of continuous measurements of soil CO2 efflux (Fs) under vegetation (Fsveg) and at bare soil (Fsbare) in a water-limited grassland. The continuous wavelet transform was used to: (a) describe the temporal variability of Fs; (b) test the performance of empirical models ranging in complexity; and (c) identify hot-moments of Fs. We used partial wavelet coherence (PWC) analysis to test the temporal correlation between Fs with temperature and soil moisture. The PWC analysis provided evidence that soil moisture overshadows the influence of soil temperature for Fs in this water limited ecosystem. Precipitation pulses triggered hot-moments that increased Fsveg (up to 9000%) and Fsbare (up to 17,000%) with respect to pre-pulse rates. Highly parameterized empirical models (using support vector machine (SVM) or an 8-day moving window) are good approaches for representing the daily temporal variability of Fs, but SVM is a promising approach to represent high temporal variability of Fs (i.e., hourly estimates). Our results have implications for the representation of hot-moments of ecosystem CO2 fluxes in these globally distributed ecosystems

Using spatial data mining to analyze area-diversity patterns among soil, vegetation, and climate: A case study from Almería, Spain

ABSTRACT: Area-pedodiversity, area?vegetation diversity, area-bioclimatic belts, diversity and pedodiversity-vegetation diversity-bioclimatic diversity relationships were analyzed for the most arid region ofWestern Europe (SE Spain). The study is novel in that it analyzed these relationships using as operational geographic units (OGUs) the set of polygons belonging to the same character state (i.e., typology) that defines a zone in a given thematic map. We considered three thematic maps: 1) the map of soil associations (SMU) with 303 different soil associations (i.e., 303 areas or zones); 2) the map of potential vegetation (PNV)with 40 vegetation series or zones and 3) the map of bioclimatic belts (BB) with 7 bioclimatic zones. Using GIS tools, we analyzed the contents (richness) of soil mapping units (polygons) with regard to vegetation series and bioclimatic belts as well as the contents of vegetation series and bioclimatic belts with regard to SMU. The results indicate that the relationships between the area and the richness of zones follow a power law, the ?fingerprint of fractal geometry?, irrespective of the way the area has been defined and their relative magnitude (the areas defined by SMU are the smallest, while the areas defined by bioclimatic belts are the largest). The results also indicate a significant correlation between the ? diversities of the zones and between their ? diversities. We conclude that the methods used to measure such correlations, based on ? and ? diversities are useful to investigate and quantify the relationships between the pedosphere, vegetation and climate

Anestesia en enfermedades raras.

Information about the website Orphananesthesia (www.orphananesthesia.eu), a database on the anesthetic management of patients with rare diseases is presented. Emphasis is focused on patient safety, as well as up-to-date and comprehensive, peer reviewed, and easy-to-access information. In a few weeks, the website will be available in Spanish, in addition to English.Se presenta información acerca de la web Orphananesthesia (www.orphananesthesia.eu), una base de datos del tratamiento anestésico de pacientes con enfermedades raras. Se hace énfasis en los aspectos que conlleva de seguridad para los pacientes y de información actualizada y compendiada, así como revisada por expertos, de fácil accesibilidad. La web estará disponible en breve en español, además de en inglés.  

Relative weak global Gorenstein dimension, AB-contexts and model structures

In this paper we introduce and study the weak Gorenstein global dimension of a ring $R$ with respect to a left $R$-module $C$. We provide several characterizations of when this homological invariant is bounded. Two main applications are given: first, we prove that the weak Gorenstein global dimension of $R$ relative to a semidualizing $(R,S)$-bimodule $C$ can be computed either by the \GC-flat dimension of the left $R$-modules or right $S$-modules, just like the (absolute) weak global dimension. As a consequence, a new argument for solving Bennis' conjecture is obtained. As a second application, we give a concrete description of the weak equivalences in the \GC-flat model structure recently found by the authors. In order to prove this result, an interesting connection between abelian model structures and AB-weak contexts is proved. This connection leads to a result that can be applied to obtain abelian model structures with a simpler description of trivial objects.Comment: Submitted; 23 page

Variación altitudinal y diversidad vegetal en matorrales: Sierra de los Filabres (Almería, España)

The main objetives in this research is to determine vegetational diversity along the transect carried out on the south side of S' de Los Filabres, localiced in southeastern of Iberian Peninsula, from 800 m to the top. Samples were taken at 100 m intervals throughout the transect under study. Further, several climatic and bioclimatic parameters collected at every height station, have been brought into relationshipEl objetivo principal de la investigación ha sido determinar la diversidad vegetal a lo largo del itinerario llevado a cabo en la cara sur de S de Los Filabres situada en el sureste de la Península Ibérica, desde los 800 m de altitud hasta la cima. Las muestras fueron tomadas cada 100 m de desnivel. Además, se han tenido en cuenta magnitudes climáticas y bioclimáticas calculadas para cada estación, en relación con la diversidad registrada. Los aspectos corológicos se consideran también muy importantes para este análisis