Production of monosex male nile tilapia populations of the Chitralada strain

A fim de avaliar o efeito da alta temperatura na proporção de sexos da tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) da linhagem Chitralada, foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro foram analisados, por 28 dias, os efeitos da temperatura de 35ºC, em relação ao controle (27ºC), iniciando-se dez dias após a eclosão. Foi encontrada diferença significativa na proporção de sexos, sendo que o maior porcentual de machos foi encontrado no tratamento de temperatura alta (72,39%), em comparação com o controle (62,27%). Não foram encontradas diferenças de peso corporal e de comprimento total entre os tratamentos. No segundo experimento, foram analisados os efeitos dos períodos de exposição à temperatura de 35ºC, aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, iniciando-se dez dias após a eclosão. Não houve diferença na proporção de sexos entre os períodos de exposição. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, tanto para peso corporal como para comprimento total. Nos dois experimentos, as taxas de sobrevivência relacionaram-se diretamente com a ocorrência de canibalismo, significativamente maior a 35ºC. Os efeitos significativos da temperatura na proporção de sexos, no primeiro experimento, indicam a termossensibilidade na linhagem Chitralada.The effect of high temperature on sex ratio in the Chitralada strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was tested using two experiments. Primarily, the animals were exposed to a high (35ºC) or control (27ºC) water temperature for a 28-day-period, beginning ten days after hatching. A significant difference in sex ratio was found. The highest proportion of males was in the high temperature group (72.39%), compared with the control group (62.27%). No differences were found for total length or body weight between the groups. In the second experiment, the effect of exposure times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days starting ten days post hatching) at a constant temperature of 35ºC was tested. No differences were found in sex ratio between groups. A significant difference was found between treatments for body weight and total length. In both experiments, the survival rate had a direct relationship with the occurrence of cannibalism, which was significantly higher at 35ºC. The significant temperature effect on sex ratio found in the first experiment indicates the thermosensitivity of the Chitralada strain

Technologies management by meat beef production: cow-calf

The technological evolution in the offspring was notorious and efficient in those systems that used the technology available on economically sustainable bases. However, in most cases, there was a need for long learning and validation of the technology until its recognition and applicability. In this way, little was discussed about costs and economic results and, even more, the systemic impact of each technology. Therefore, over the years, the set of techniques available to production has been mastered with certainty, even though their economic results were unknown, which resulted in disbeliefs about certain strategies for breeding livestock. On the other hand, due to the complexity of the relationships between all the variables that involve the offspring, many technologies produced improvements in intermediate production processes. This does not allow the user to recognize an answer in the total production and, therefore, to doubt or question its applicability. Add to this that it creates, as it is an activity of low biological efficiency and profitability, largely limits the more widespread use of technologies, which in a way does not allow a more intense exchange of information between producers

Strategic notes on Brazilian beef cattle

In the new scenario for the Brazilian beef production, the knowledge generation, the integration between the supply chain stakeholders and the information flow focused on the consumer market will be a new institutional and organizational basis for this supply chain. Therefore, this research aims to describe and analyze the structure of the Brazilian beef supply chain and technological innovations in this sector. This supply chain has motivated many studies dedicated to analyzing technologies to increase productivity. These researches have contributed to the advances in this sector, which has extended its borders in the Central and North regions of Brazil and consolidated the more traditional production systems in the South and Southeast regions. In this process, livestock production was treated as an isolated activity in relation to land, which had a value of capital and financial security. However, as the land becomes a scarce and pricy factor of production, livestock will become complementary or integrated with agricultural activity. In this sense, the future model of Brazilian livestock requires an interdisciplinary and cross-sectional view of knowledge to create an integrated production model. This model certainly leads to a reconfiguration, with an increasing land value as background. On the other hand, organizational arrangements also will undergo adjustments of agents that will be better aligned, prioritizing the final consumer. Additionally, understanding the signs of innovation sent to consumers and the information they expect to receive can facilitate the conduct of research for scientific achievement of greater integration in society

Procedural Priorities of the Pork Loin Supply Chain

The pork meat production industry is facing new challenges as a consequence of consumers’ expectations regarding the quality and safety of food products. For the present study, experts and consumers in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil were interviewed to identify the attributes of pork loin that need to be improved. Consumers have particular concerns about the juiciness, fibrousness, and portion size of the meat, the diversity of cuts and safety and animal welfare. The supply chain was also analyzed in order to verify the procedural priorities that need to be improved in order to meet the demands of consumers. Experts were interviewed using the quality function deployment methodology. The findings of the study indicate that, improvements must be made in the production sector in terms of animal handling and transportation. In the processing sector, improvements are required regarding slaughter control of PSE and DFD, the development of new packaging, and product fractionation. The requirements in the distribution sector relate to information campaigns for consumers to diffuse the nutritional characteristics of pork loin and in the product safety through sanitary inspection

Alianças Mercadológicas Estratégicas e Elementos de Diferenciação na Cadeia da Carne Bovina no Brasil

As alianças mercadológicas surgem como resposta às novas necessidades de mercado e às demandas do consumidor final. No entanto, essas iniciativas ainda apresentam dificuldades de organização e coordenação no âmbito do agronegócio e em especial, no setor da pecuária de corte brasileira. Este estudo busca descrever exemplos de alianças estratégicas deste setor, bem como identificar os elementos de diferenciação que influenciaram em seu desenvolvimento e permanência no mercado. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo dos conceitos de aliança mercadológica sob a ótica das cadeias produtivas do agronegócio, incluindo as principais dificuldades para a implantação das mesmas e um levantamento documental, para apresentar exemplos de alianças existentes no Brasil e elaborar um framework dos elementos que permitiram o êxito das alianças mercadológicas estudadas. Os resultados apontam que a perspectiva regional, a adoção de certificação específica, o pagamento de prêmio e o tamanho do grupo de produtores envolvidos são elementos de diferenciação que pode influenciar no êxito de determinada aliança neste setor

Growth of beef heifers from 7 to 11 months of age

The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of live weight gain on growth parameters of beef heifers rearing on native pasture supplemented during autumn and winter seasons post-weaning (04/21/2004 to 09/16/2004; 148 days). The live weight gain was -1.08; 19.52 e 57.83 kg for treatments MA (Maintenance), BA (Low) and MO (Moderate), respectively. In the same order, the supplement offered was equivalent to 0.54; 0.81 and 1.25% of their live weight. The experimental design was entirely randomized. Initially, the heifers were 7 month old and weighted 171.13 kg. The parameters evaluated were body condition score (5 point scale), hip height, hearth girth and weight:height ratio. At the end of the period, the evaluated parameters differed between treatments, with the exception of hip height parameter between MA and BA. Even if the heifers did not gain live weight the hip height increased. As much lower was the live weight gain, as stronger was the influence on the hip height and heart girth, showing positive linear effect for all treatments. The body condition score did not increase, even for the treatment with higher live weight gain. The linear live weight gain effect on wheight:height ratio was similar between heifers groups

Additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral and protein-energy (MPES), exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplements (ES), combination of MPES + ES, and straw without supplement (WS) on digestibility, fermentation kinetic parameters, cumulative gas production, methane, CO2 production, and volatile fatty acid concentration of rice straw of low and high nutritional value, estimated by in vitro techniques. The experimental design was randomized and factorial 2 × 4: two straws (low and high nutritional value) incubated with four supplements (MPES, ES, MPES + ES, and WS) and their interactions. Four experimental periods were used, totaling four replications per treatment over time. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED of SAS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of the rice straw with high nutritional value was improved by MPES, while the combination of MPES + ES supplements inhibited the digestibility of this straw. Dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen increased through MPES and MPES + ES supplements resulted in an increase in NH3-N concentration and a decrease in CO2 production due to the microbial mass formation. However, this increase was not enough to improve organic matter degradability parameters, cummulative gas production, gas production kinetics, and acetate:propionate ratio and reduce methane emissions. The straw with high nutritional value showed greater content of nitrogen fraction a, effective degradability, cummulative gas production, and methane and CO2 productions comparing with low-nutritional value straw. The use of MPES and MPES + ES supplements can be used as strategy to mitigate CO2 in ruminant production systems that use rice straw

Estimativa de custos de três sistemas alimentares para a recria de novilhas acasaladas aos 18 meses de idade

A idade ao acasalamento da novilha está relacionada com a eficiência econômica da produção de bovinos. A determinação de sistemas alimentares para a recria é fundamental para que as novilhas apresentem elevada taxa de prenhez. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar e avaliar os custos de alternativas alimentares na recria de novilhas de corte destinadas ao acasalamento aos 18 meses de idade. Foram avaliados sistemas alimentares que atendessem o ganho de peso em cada fase da recria utilizando o campo natural e suplementos alimentares para determinar o custo final do sistema. Para tanto foram definidos os seguintes pressupostos: peso ao desmame – 160 kg; ganho do desmame ao início do acasalamento – 140 kg; peso ao início do acasalamento – 300 kg (raça britânica, 65% do peso adulto). Os tratamentos foram denominados conforme o ganho de peso diário médio (GDM) no primeiro (INV), segundo (PRI) e terceiro (VER) período, respectivamente: BAM – Baixo (0,000 kg/d), Alto (1,111 kg/d) e Moderado (0,500 kg/d); MMA – Moderado (0,120 kg/d), Moderado (0,800 kg/d) e Alto (0,500 kg/d); ABB – Alto (0,373 kg/d), Baixo (0,600 kg/d) e Baixo (0,300 kg/d). O sistema de recria ABB apresentou o menor custo (R$96,19/cab), seguido pelo MMA (R$ 114,60/cab) e pelo BAM (R$ 134,40/cab). A utilização de diferentes sistemas alimentares apresenta implicações econômicas na recria de fêmeas. Novilhas destinadas ao acasalamento aos 18 meses no outono necessitam de suplementação alimentar durante pelo menos um dos três períodos de recria. A suplementação visando obter altas taxas de ganho de peso durante o primeiro período de recria (inverno) apresentou menor custo em relação a ganhos elevados no segundo e terceiro períodos (primavera e verão, respectivamente)

Utilização do fertilizante “fortcálcio” na cultura da soja em segunda safra no centro-oeste do Brasil / Use of “fortcalcio” fertilizer in soybean culture in second crop in central-west Brazil

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar o fertilizante FortCálcio como mais uma opção de fertilizante para cultura do milho implantada na região do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido na segunda safra do ano agrícola de 2020, na Fazenda Panamá, município de Itumbiara, estado de Goiás, no sistema de plantio direto sobre soqueira de soja, implantado pelo Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Fitotecnia, A localidade apresenta como coordenadas geográficas, 18°18’24’’S de latitude e 49°30’41’’W de longitude e 554 m de altitude. As características agronômicas “biometria das plantas” avaliadas foram, a população de plantas, realizada aos 30 dias após germinação (DAP), estudos da biometria das plantas (parte aérea) foi realizado no ato da colheita, altura de inserção da primeira espira, peso de mil grãos e produtividade em quilograma por hectare. Para avaliação da produtividade foram coletadas espigas de 10 plantas da área útil de cada parcela e efetuada a debulha manualmente com a pesagem dos grãos de cada parcela, e para o peso de mil grãos, com umidade padrão de 14%, foi utilizado uma bandeja para contagem dos mil grãos e pesado em balança de precisão. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com um único fator, e as dose de FortCálcio utilizado foram em 7 níveis (T1: 0,0 Kg ha-1; T2: 200 Kg ha-1; T3: 250 Kg ha-1; T4: 300 Kg ha-1; T5: 350 Kg ha-1; T6: 400 Kg ha-1; T7: 450 Kg ha-1) e quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SISVAR. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, quando detectada significância para a ANOVA a p=0,05 de probabilidade para a comparação de médias. O uso do fertilizante do FortCálcio na cultura do milho, alcançou seu objetivo, fez com que a produtividade da cultura se mantasse dentro de uma média elevada e obteve um acréscimo em produtividade em comparação com controle absoluto “dose zero”