Christian adaptation of the defences of the Alcazaba of Almeria during the sixteenth century

[EN] After the capitulation of the nasrid city of Almería (1489), the new Castilian administration was able to verify the state of ruin of its defences due to the earthquake of 1487, ordering the rapid construction of a castle on the highest point of the battered hispano-muslim Alcazaba. Between 1490 and 1502 the castle was built, incorporating in its design the most effective systems of the time to repel an attack with gunpowder. The typological references of this military installation correspond to the School of Valladolid; with a long tradition in the construction of castles. In parallel with the completion of these works, the Catholic Monarchs ordered in 1501 to armor the defence of the coasts of the Kingdom of Granada, articulating and extending the medieval system of watchtowers scattered along the coast, to counteract the fragility of the annexed territories, the mestizaje of its people, and the proximity of Africa. Thus concluded the works in the Castle, the works were centred in the repair of the walls of the city, action that will extend to the fences of the Alcazaba (1526). Towards 1547, attacks by turkish and berber pirates followed one another on the Almeria coast in the face of the defencelessness of the population. These incursions led to concern about the proper conservation of military installations. As a consequence of this, the old Alcazaba was adapted to the distant war offered by the use of gunpowder. The first interventions were designed by Luis de Machuca, architect of the Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra. This accommodation included the construction of the bastions of the Campana (1550) and the repair of the doors of Justice and the Guard (1565), completing the program due to the proximity of the War with the Moriscos, with the construction of the bastions of the San Matías and Espolón (1568).Garzón Osuna, D. (2020). Adaptación cristiana de las defensas de la Alcazaba de Almería durante el siglo XVI. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 53-60. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11434OCS536

Impacts of Saharan dust intrusions on bacterial communities of the low troposphere

We have analyzed the bacterial community of a large Saharan dust event in the Iberian Peninsula and, for the frst time, we ofer new insights regarding the bacterial distribution at diferent altitudes of the lower troposphere and the replacement of the microbial airborne structure as the dust event receeds. Samples from diferent open-air altitudes (surface, 100m and 3km), were obtained onboard the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) C-212 aircrafts. Samples were collected during dust and dust-free air masses as well two weeks after the dust event. Samples related in height or time scale seems to show more similar community composition patterns compared with unrelated samples. The most abundant bacterial species during the dust event, grouped in three diferent phyla: (a) Proteobacteria: Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Rhodobacterales, (b) Actinobacteria: Geodermatophilaceae; (c) Firmicutes: Bacillaceae. Most of these taxa are well known for being extremely stress-resistant. After the dust intrusion, Rhizobium was the most abundant genus, (40–90% total sequences). Samples taken during the fights carried out 15 days after the dust event were much more similar to the dust event samples compared with the remaining samples. In this case, Brevundimonas, and Methylobacterium as well as Cupriavidus and Mesorizobium were the most abundant genera

Kaposi's sarcoma in a different concept from HIV-AIDS: report of a case in a patient with Behçet's disease and immunomodulatory drugs

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular neoplasm that typically appears opportunistically in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); it can also arise in organ transplanted subjects and exceptionally in carriers of autoimmune diseases, such as Behçet's disease. A 23-year-old man with Behçet's disease who debuts with clinically and histologically compatible dermatosis with KS. Conclusions. KS is not exclusive to HIV-AIDS, it also prevails in situations of primary or secondary immunocompromision that favor its appearance, as is the case of Behçet's Disease and its immunomodulatory therapy.

Microbial Ecology in the Atmosphere: The Last Extreme Environment

The atmosphere is an extreme environment where organisms are subject to low temperatures and high radiation. Many of the microorganisms detected there appear in resistant forms or show mechanisms of adaptation designed to withstand these extreme conditions. Airborne microorganisms may play an important role in the global climate system, biogeochemical cycling, and health. Dust storms are the atmospheric phenomenon that move more topsoil through the Earth’s atmosphere, and numerous microorganisms attached to dust particles are thus transported. The Iberian Peninsula is periodically affected by this phenomenon as African dust frequently reaches southern Europe and the Mediterranean basin. There are numerous methods for sampling airborne microbes, but factors such as low biomass and high variability of the atmosphere render them not yet sufficiently efficient. Very few studies have been conducted directly in the atmosphere via sampling using airborne platforms. The National Institute for Aerospace Technology has two CASA C-212-200 aircraft that have been suitably modified to operate as airborne research platforms. These aircraft are a unique tool for the study of atmospheric microbial diversity and the different environments where they can be found. A study of the airborne microbial diversity in a Saharan dust event from four aerobiology sampling flights is provided in advance

DRESS syndrome by sulfonamides, about a case

Among the most feared toxico-dermas is drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, a rare drug dermatitis that occurs after acute exposure to drugs whose clinical impact is based on multiple organs (skin, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart) and cell lines (eosinophils and lymphocytes). It is an entity with high mortality if it is not identified early, its treatment consists of the immediate suspension of the responsible drug and the administration of steroids, these being the therapeutic protagonists. A 64-year-old male patient with clinical, biochemical and histopathological criteria compatible with DRESS syndrome. It is essential to suspect the clinical course of DRESS syndrome before the appearance of dermatosis with multisystem involvement associated with the use of drugs, emphasis is placed on its early identification and the establishment of timely treatment to modify its prognosis.

Looking for variable molecular markers in the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: first comparison across genes

La rápida propagación de la avispa de la hiel de la castaña Dryocosmus kuriphilus en Europa constituye un ejemplo destacado de la reciente invasión biológica asistida por el hombre, con dramáticas pérdidas económicas. Hemos examinado por primera vez un conjunto de cinco genes nucleares y mitocondriales de D. kuriphilus recogidos en la Península Ibérica, y hemos comparado las secuencias con las disponibles en el área de distribución nativa e invasora de la especie. No encontramos variabilidad genética en Iberia en ninguno de los cinco genes, además, los tres genes comparados con otras muestras europeas tampoco mostraron variabilidad. Registramos cuatro haplotipos del citocromo b en Europa; uno era ADN mitocondrial genuino y el resto copias nucleares de ADN mitocondrial (numts), lo que subraya la necesidad de realizar análisis cuidadosos en silicio. Los numts formaban un grupo separado en el árbol genético y al menos dos de ellos podían ser ortólogos, lo que sugiere que la invasión podría haber comenzado con más de un individuo. Nuestros resultados apuntan a un bajo tamaño inicial de la población en Europa seguido de un rápido crecimiento de la población. Los futuros estudios que evalúen la expansión de esta plaga deberían incluir un gran número de sitios de muestreo y utilizar marcadores nucleares potentes (por ejemplo, polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido) para detectar la variabilidad genética.The quick spread of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Europe constitutes an outstanding example of recent human-aided biological invasion with dramatic economic losses. We screened for the first time a set of five nuclear and mitochondrial genes from D. kuriphilus collected in the Iberian Peninsula, and compared the sequences with those available from the native and invasive range of the species. We found no genetic variability in Iberia in none of the five genes, moreover, the three genes compared with other European samples showed no variability either. We recorded four cytochrome b haplotypes in Europe; one was genuine mitochondrial DNA and the rest nuclear copies of mitDNA (numts), what stresses the need of careful in silico analyses. The numts formed a separate cluster in the gene tree and at least two of them might be orthologous, what suggests that the invasion might have started with more than one individual. Our results point at a low initial population size in Europe followed by a quick population growth. Future studies assessing the expansion of this pest should include a large number of sampling sites and use powerful nuclear markers (e. g. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) to detect genetic variability.• Junta de Extremadura. Programa de Atracción de Talento Investigador, para Raúl Bonal Andrés y Ángela Martín Cuevas • Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. Proyecto PPII-2014-01-P • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) de la Unión Europea. Proyectos AGL2013-48017-C2-1-R, AGL2014-54739-R y AGL2014-53822-C2-1-R (I+D+i)peerReviewe

Church-Based Breast Cancer Screening Education: Impact of Two Approaches on Latinas Enrolled in Public and Private Health Insurance Plans

Introduction The Tepeyac Project is a church-based health promotion project that was conducted from 1999 through 2005 to increase breast cancer screening rates among Latinas in Colorado. Previous reports evaluated the project among Medicare and Medicaid enrollees in the state. In this report, we evaluate the program among enrollees in the state's five major insurance plans. Methods We compared the Tepeyac Project's two interventions: the Printed Intervention and the Promotora Intervention. In the first, we mailed culturally tailored education packages to 209 Colorado Catholic churches for their use. In the second, promotoras (peer counselors) in four Catholic churches delivered breast-health education messages personally. We compared biennial mammogram claims from the five insurance plans in the analysis at baseline (1998–1999) and during follow-up (2000–2001) for Latinas who had received the interventions. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis to adjust rates for confounders. Results The mammogram rate for Latinas in the Printed Intervention remained the same from baseline to follow-up (58% [2979/5130] vs 58% [3338/5708]). In the Promotora Intervention, the rate was 59% (316/536) at baseline and 61% (359/590) at follow-up. Rates increased modestly over time and varied widely by insurance type. After adjusting for age, income, urban versus rural location, disability, and insurance type, we found that women exposed to the Promotora Intervention had a significantly higher increase in biennial mammograms than did women exposed to the Printed Intervention (GEE parameter estimate = .24 [±.11], P = .03). Conclusion For insured Latinas, personally delivering church-based education through peer counselors appears to be a better breast-health promotion method than mailing printed educational materials to churches

Desarrollo e implementación de la estrategia de comunicación online y offline realizada para clínica jurídica ubicada en Guadalajara, Jalisco

El objetivo del proyecto fue implementar la estrategia de comunicación online y offline realizada para la Clínica Jurídica Ignacio Ellacuría SJ a lo largo del periodo de PAP primavera de 2022. Se identificaron áreas de mejoras dentro de las propuestas de comunicación realizada con anterioridad y se implementaron los cambios necesarios con el objetivo de aumentar el reconocimiento local de la clínica hacia el público meta. Se analizaron las métricas en redes sociales que permitan ver el funcionamiento de la estrategia implementada.ITESO, A.C

La comedia de humor negro, un género que expone fuertemente la dura realidad

Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

An Overview of Rice Cultivation in Spain and the Management of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Spain is the second highest rice-producing country in the European Union, with approximately 105,000 ha used to grow this crop. The major rice-producing regions in Spain are Andalusia, Extremadura, Catalonia, and Valencia, followed by Aragon and Navarre. The main soil texture throughout Spanish rice areas is silty clay loam, with alkaline soils (pH > 7.5)—except in the Extremadura area (pH = 5.5–6)—and a low organic matter content. Water quality in terms of salinity is acceptable, although in some coastal rice areas salinity issues occasionally appear to be a determining factor for high yield achievement. According to a survey carried out on farmers and technicians, the most problematic weeds found in rice crops today in Spain are Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis. Most of the currently authorized herbicides can be classified according to two modes of action: ALS-inhibiting and ACCase-inhibiting. Repeated field applications of herbicides with the same mode of action have resulted in the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. At present, resistance has been confirmed in different regions of Spain to ALS inhibitors in Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis, and to ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa spp. The mechanism of resistance in these species is a mutation in the target site of these herbicides. Several mutations have been found in the ALS gene, both in Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus difformis, distributed in the different rice-growing regions considered in this work. ACCase gene mutations have been mainly found in Leptochloa spp. individuals from Extremadura and Valencia. These different mutations have resulted in different patterns of cross-resistance to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. It is likely that the repeated use of these two modes of action in rice will result in the evolution of more resistant weed populations. The possible availability of new herbicides with alternative modes of action in a short space of time seems very limited, suggesting the need for a more appropriate use of the available alternative strategies (crop rotation, dry sowing, manual weeding, etc.). This work presents a review of the main characteristics of rice cultivation in Spain, emphasizing the current problems in this crop and the management of herbicide-resistant weeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio