The scalar complex potential and the Aharonov-Bohm effect

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is traditionally attributed to the effect of the electromagnetic 4-potential $A$, even in regions where both the electric field $\mathbf{E}$ and the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ are zero. The AB effect reveals that multiple-valued functions play a crucial role in the description of an electromagnetic field. We argue that the quantity measured by AB experiments is a difference in values of a multiple-valued complex function, which we call a complex potential or {pre-potential. We show that any electromagnetic field can be described by this pre-potential, and give an explicit expression for the electromagnetic field tensor through this potential. The pre-potential is a modification of the two scalar potential functions.Comment: 10 pages 2 figure

Technology of forming the algorithmic culture of future teachers in the distance learning conditions

The article reviews the technology of forming the algorithmic culture of future teachers in the distance learning condition

To the problems of modeling the brain ischemia in small animals

In the review article the problems of modeling cerebral ischemia in small mammals are consecrated. The advantages of experimental studies that are based on the similarity of the blood circulation of the brain in humans and animals are indicated. Classification of experimental models for the study of acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation, mechanisms of their development and preclinical approbation of new drugs is given. The authors indicate that all experimental models of brain ischemia can be divided into two groups: to study risk factors and pathophysiological studies of brain ischemia. And in the second case, the models of focal and global ischemia are described. In conclusion, the authors point out the difficulties and shortcomings of certain methods of ischemia reproduction, which await researchers to solve the above problems

The problem of the methodical support of the formation of dental schoolchildrens' culture

The relevance of the research in the article the problem is determined by the need to resolve the contradictions between the need of society in the health person and low dental culture of the younger generation of Russians, between the need to develop a culture of dental students in the conditions of educational organization and insufficient development of methodical support of the process. Now, the question of methodical study of the content and process of formation of dental school culture in educational theory and practice has not been resolvedАктуальность исследуемой в статье проблемы определяется необходимостью разрешения следующих противоречий: между потребностью общества в здоровой личности и низким уровнем стоматологической культуры подрастающего поколения россиян; между необходимостью формирования стоматологической культуры школьников в условиях общеобразовательной организации и недостаточной разработанностью методического обеспечения рассматриваемого процесса. В настоящее время вопрос методической проработки содержания процесса формирования стоматологической культуры школьников в педагогической теории и практике не реше

Integration of theoretical and clinical disciplines teaching as one of factors of medical knowledge efficacy

The article discusses the problem of medical students theoretical knowledge improvement that will significantly improve their clinical knowledge. The main factors that determine medical students’ positive motivation to study are considered. The authors prove that both theoretical and clinical disciplines teaching integration is possible as a result of complex approach to students teaching that will result in students’ knowledge survival on the higher courses. Leading role belongs to the theoretical departments which workers by writing textbooks and manuals, creating teaching multimedia programmes, using exact control and students' knowledge evaluation will provide the necessary motivational component of students’ further teaching on clinical departments. The integrated approach contributes to future profession single picture formation, motivates students to theoretical and clinical disciplines deep study. The future doctors teaching process reforming at Odessa National Medical University General and Clinical Pathological Physiology Department is given as an example.Authors guesses that new methodical methods of working with students in the practical work introduction, the change in the technology of teaching, the modification of the educational process, the approximation of theoretical knowledge to the patient's bed, the greater students interest in the positive end-goal - a correct diagnosis and cure of the patient - will allow to optimize the educational process and improve the quality of students’ training

Designing of special clothing based on experimental researches of material properties

The article presents the results of experimental researches on determination of thermal and physical characteristics of thermal insulating materials using the principle of spatial three-dimensional presentation of the study object with distributed parameters. The proposed method of research and obtained experimental results provide an opportunity to determine thermal and physical properties of materials with high accuracy, which creates the conditions for improvement of the quality of special clothes designing

Study of the composition of high molecular asphaltenes of bituminous oils using ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation reaction

Relevance. Conditioned by the need to expand the amount of data on composition and structure of the asphaltene constituents of heavy oils. The data are important for creation of new and modernization of existing technologies for processing unconventional hydrocarbon raw materials. Aim. To study the composition of structural fragments in macromolecules of asphaltenes of bituminous oils from the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oilfields using the ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation. Object. Fractions of high-molecular asphaltenes, which make up the bulk of the asphaltene constituents of the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oils (94.1; 92.1 and 95.0 rel. %). Methods. Elemental analysis, cryoscopy in benzene, selective chemical destruction of Car–C bonds using a ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results. It has been established that the structure of high-molecular asphaltenes of bituminous oils from the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oilfields contains fragments bound to the core of their molecules through Car.–C bridges and compounds trapped in the hollow cells of macromolecular entities of asphaltenes during kerogen cracking. It follows from the analysis of the oxidation products that the covalently bonded fragments are represented by C8–C32 n-alkanes, branched C9–C30 alkanes (2-methylalkanes and C15, C19, C20 isoprenoids), C22–C24 cheilanthanes, C27, C29–C33 hopanes and long chain alkyl bridges (C9–C30) connecting aromatic blocks. Most of the fragments linked by Car.–C bridges are linear paraffin chains. Typical biological markers, i. e. n-alkanes and hopanes were identified among the occluded compounds