Muerte súbita en el deporte, propuesta de intervención temprana

Sudden death during sports practice, although the rates are not high, it has occurred in healthy athletes and even in high performance events. The main etiological characteristic is that it occurs due to cardiovascular diseases and due to congenital diseases. The main objective was to conduct a review of articles and trends in the management of patients with sudden death. For this, a specialized search was carried out in the PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc and La Referencia databases; This allowed to identify a total of 43608 articles of which 29 were selected, which met the criteria. It is identified that the main cause is congenital heart disease in young athletes and atherosclerotic disease in adult athletes. Preventing these event is difficult, it is necessary to strengthen skills and abilities in first responders, on cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and on the use of external autonomic defibrillators. A pesar de las bajas tasas de ocurrencia, la muerte súbita se produce en deportistas sanos e incluso en eventos deportivos de alto rendimiento a nivel mundial.  Su etiología se atribuye principalmente a enfermedades cardiovasculares y patologías congénitas.  El objetivo principal de este artículo es realizar una recopilación y revisión de artículos especializados para establecer el estado del arte en esta materia.  Una búsqueda especializada se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc y La Referencia, identificando 43.608 artículos relacionados seleccionando 29 de ellos que cumplen ciertos criterios de selección adoptados. Finalmente, las principales causas, síntomas y factores desencadenantes de muerte súbita son identificados y analizados, y se describen los procedimientos orientados a la prevención y el manejo adecuado de estos eventos, así como el entrenamiento necesario de habilidades y destrezas dirigidos a los primeros respondientes.ABSTRACTDespite the low rates of occurrence, Sudden Death occurs in healthy athletes and even in high performance sports events worldwide. Its etiology is attributed mainly to cardiovascular diseases and congenital pathologies. The main objective of this article, is to compile and review specialized articles to establish the state-of-the-art in this matter.  A specialized search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc and La Referencia databases, identifying 43.608 related articles, selecting 29 of them which meet certain adopted selection criteria.  Finally, the main causes, symptoms and trigger factors of Sudden Death are identified and analyzed, and the procedures oriented to prevention and proper management of these events, as well as the necessary training of capabilities and skills aimed at the first respondents, are described

Determine the Association of Trauma to the Head with the Level of Alcoholemia in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Service of HGZ 3 Tuxtepec Oaxaca

El traumatismo cráneo cefálico es de los principales problemas de salud a nivel mundial, con más frecuencia en varones jóvenes y accidentes de tránsito, siendo la primera causa de muerte en menores de 45 años. Es vital la evaluación neurológica, utilizando la escala de coma de Glasgow, clasifica al trauma en tres grupos de acuerdo con el puntaje. La TAC, es un estudio de neuroimagen que caracteriza a las lesiones cerebrales potencialmente mortales con los hallazgos obtenidos. Debido a la magnitud que representa el TCE es preciso direccionar todo esfuerzo en pro de disminuir la morbi-mortalidad, y evitar en lo más posible las secuelas que pudieran presentar, para ello es necesario establecer un diagnóstico precoz y un manejo oportuno. Objetivos: Analizar si existe asociación del trauma cráneo cefálico en los pacientes con consumo de alcohol, atendidos en el servicio de Urgencias del Hospital general de zona número 3. Material Y metodos: El método utilizado es Prospectivo Casos y Controles, Cuantitativo, Observacional de campo, No experimental. Aplicado a un universo total de pacientes con traumatismo cráneo encefálico y aliento alcohólico que se presenten al servicio de urgencias. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 120 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión realizándoles la prueba de alcoholemia en sangre, con los resultados de dicha muestra, se identificó que existe asociación del consumo de sustancias alcohólicas con el riesgo de presentar un TCE moderado a severo, con mayor predominio en accidentes de tránsito en vehículos de motor, con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino en una edad de 25-59 años. Conclusiones: Se observo que el TCE aunado con la ingesta de alcohol, denota la principal causa de accidentes de tránsito, afectando así a una parte de la población joven económicamente activa entre la edad de 25-59 años, predominio en sexo masculino.  Head trauma is one of the main health problems worldwide, most frequently in young men and traffic accidents, and is the first cause of death in those under 45 years of age. Neurological evaluation is vital, using the Glasgow Coma Scale, classifying trauma into three groups according to the score. CT is a neuroimaging study that characterizes potentially fatal brain lesions with the findings obtained. Due to the magnitude that TBI represents, it is necessary to direct all efforts towards reducing morbidity and mortality, and avoiding as much as possible the consequences that may occur. To do so, it is necessary to establish an early diagnosis and timely management. OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether there is an association of craniocerebral trauma in patients with alcohol consumption, treated in the Emergency Department of the General Hospital of zone number 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method used is Prospective Cases and Controls, Quantitative, Field Observational , Not experimental. Applied to a total universe of patients with head trauma and alcoholic breath who present to the emergency department. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed by performing a blood alcohol test. With the results of said sample, it was identified that there is an association between the consumption of alcoholic substances and the risk of presenting a moderate to TBI. severe, with a greater predominance in traffic accidents in motor vehicles, more frequently in males at an age of 25-59 years. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that TBI combined with alcohol intake denotes the main cause of traffic accidents, thus affecting a part of the economically active young population between the age of 25-59 years, predominance in males. &nbsp

Preliminary characterization and analysis of the impact of hydrogeochemical processes in the Cruz del Eje river basin

Se presenta un estudio preliminar sobre la caracterización hidrogeoquímica de la cuenca de aporte del río Cruz del Eje. El objetivo general del proyecto es analizar la respuesta hidrogeoquímica de la cuenca ante forzantes climáticos, litológicos, estructurales y antrópicos. Se definieron 3 subcuencas, correspondientes a los ríos La Candelaria, Quilpo y San Marcos. En esta primera caracterización se presentan los resultados de los parámetros físico-químicos medidos in-situ: pH, sólidos totales disueltos (STD), oxígeno disuelto, conductividad y alcalinidad y las perspectivas futuras de trabajo. A partir de los datos presentados, puede observarse que las subcuencas de los ríos Quilpo y La Candelaria se comportan de manera similar, mientras que la subcuenca del río San Marcos presenta valores superiores de los parámetros físico-químicos medidos, lo que podría deberse al mayor asentamiento urbano y la litología aflorante en esta subcuenca.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-β in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma oxidative metabolism.

Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) induces tumor cell migration and invasion. However, its role in inducing metabolic reprogramming is poorly understood. Here we analyzed the metabolic profle of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells that show diferences in TGF-β expression. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidifcation rate (ECAR), metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed. Results indicated that the switch from an epithelial to a mesenchymal/migratory phenotype in HCC cells is characterized by reduced mitochondrial respiration, without signifcant diferences in glycolytic activity. Concomitantly, enhanced glutamine anaplerosis and biosynthetic use of TCA metabolites were proved through analysis of metabolite levels, as well as metabolic fuxes from U-13C6-Glucose and U-13C5-Glutamine. This correlated with increase in glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression, whose inhibition reduced cell migration. Experiments where TGF-β function was activated with extracellular TGF-β1 or inhibited through TGF-β receptor I silencing showed that TGF-β induces a switch from oxidative metabolism, coincident with a decrease in OCR and the upregulation of glutamine transporter Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 (SLC7A5) and GLS1. TGF-β also regulated the expression of key genes involved in the fux of glycolytic intermediates and fatty acid metabolism. Together, these results indicate that autocrine activation of the TGF-β pathway regulates oxidative metabolism in HCC cells

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

The study (FIS-PI18/00912) was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant no. Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” and B2017/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM (Comunidad de Madrid), and Halekulani S.L.Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEUnión EuropeaComunidad de MadridInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIHalekulanipu

Women with psychotic episodes during pregnancy show increased markers of placental damage with Tenney-Parker changes

y. Psychosis is a hazardous and functionally disruptive psychiatric condition which may affect women in pregnancy, entailing negative consequences for maternofetal well-being. The precise pathophysiological basis and consequences of a psychotic episode in pregnancy remain to be further elucidated. The placenta is a pivotal tissue with many functions in the gestational period, critically influencing the fate and development of pregnancy. Although detrimental alterations have been observed in women undergoing severe psychiatric disorders in pregnancy, there are little studies evaluating the consequences of suffering from a psychotic episode in the placental tissue In this work, we have evaluated the histopathological consequences of a first episode of psychosis in pregnancy (FE-PW; N=22) and compare them with healthy pregnant women (HC-PW; N=20) by using histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression techniques. Our results define that the placental tissue of FE-PW display an increase in the number of placental villi, bridges, syncytial knots and syncytial knots/villi. Besides, we have also observed an enhanced gene and protein expression in FE-PW of the hypoxic marker HIF-1α, together with the apoptotic markers BAX and Bcl-2. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating significant histopathological changes in the placenta of women suffering a new-onset psychotic episode in pregnancy. Further studies should be aimed at deepening the knowledge about the pernicious effects of psychosis in the maternofetal tissues, as well as the potential implications of these alterations

Alzheimer-Like Cell Alterations after Vanadium Pentoxide Inhalation

Vanadium (V), a widely distributed transition metal, has been considered toxic, which depends on the valence of the compound. V pentoxide (V2O5) is considered the most harmful. Its long-term exposure produces neurotoxicity. Mice exposed to inhaled V2O5 displayed less tubulin+ in testicular cells and dendritic spines loss, cell death, and CA1 neuropil modifications, considered as the result of V interaction with the cytoskeleton, which made us suppose that V2O5 inhalation could initiate CA1 cell alterations comparable to what happen in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. This study intends to demonstrate pyramidal CA1 cytoskeletal changes in rats which inhaled V2O5. Twenty rats were exposed to V2O5 0.02 M one hour, three times a week for several months. Our findings showed that V2O5-exposed rats had cell death that reached 56,57% after six months; we also observed collapsed strong argyrophilic nuclei and characteristic flame-shaped somas in all V2O5-exposed animals hippocampus CA1 compared to controls. We also found somatodendritic deformations. Neurite’s cytoskeleton exhibited visible thickening and nodosities and prominent dendritic spine loss. Our results demonstrate that V2O5 induces AD-like cell death with evident cytoskeletal and synaptic alterations