Plant characterization of genetically modified maize hybrids MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3, MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6, and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6: alternatives for maize production in Mexico

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops is a process to evaluate whether the biotechnology trait(s) in a GM crop may result in increased pest potential or harm to the environment. In this analysis, two GM insect-resistant (IR) herbicide-tolerant maize hybrids (MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and one herbicide-tolerant GM hybrid (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) were compared with conventional maize hybrids of similar genetic backgrounds. Two sets of studies, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted across five ecological regions (ecoregions) in Mexico during 2009–2013, and data were subject to meta-analysis. Results from the Experimental Phase studies, which were used for ERA, indicated that the three GM hybrids were not different from conventional maize for early stand count, days-tosilking, days-to-anthesis, root lodging, stalk lodging, or final stand count. Statistically significant differences were observed for seedling vigor, ear height, plant height, grain moisture, and grain yield, particularly in the IR hybrids; however, none of these phenotypic differences are expected to contribute to a biological or ecological change that would result in an increased pest potential or ecological risk when cultivating these GM hybrids. Overall, results from the Experimental Phase studies are consistent with those from other world regions, confirming that there are no additional risks compared to conventional maize. Results from Pilot Phase studies indicated that, compared to conventional maize hybrids, no differences were detected for the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics measured on the three GM maize hybrids, with the exception of grain moisture and grain yield in the IR hybrids. Since MON-89Ø34- 3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MONØØ6Ø3- 6 confer resistance to target insect pests, they are an alternative for farmers in Mexico to protect the crop from insect damage. Additionally, the herbicide tolerance conferred by all three GM hybrids enables more cost-effective weed management

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Análisis de Flujos de Conocimiento en Proyectos de Mejora de Procesos Software bajo una perspectiva multi-enfoque

La Gestión de conocimiento (GC) tiene el potencial de proveer diversos beneficios a las organizaciones dedicadas al desarrollo de software. Entre ellos la gestión de activos de conocimiento, el aumento de la productividad o el incremento de la capacidad de sus procesos software. Sin embargo, debido al crecimiento y evolución que ha tenido la industria de software, se requieren nuevos paradigmas asociados a la generación y reutilización de diversos tipos y flujos de conocimiento con el propósito de promover procesos de innovación centrados en la Mejora de procesos software (SPI). En este artículo se presenta un análisis de tres enfoques de flujos de conocimiento, con el cual se ofrece una estrategia para apoyar la creación, transferencia y evolución del conocimiento involucrado en un proyecto SPI. Además, se define un marco de trabajo para la identificación de flujos de conocimiento relacionados con elementos de un modelo de referencia de procesos

El Caribe: Origen del mundo moderno

[EN] This book is a result of the European project titled Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of the Modern World. This project is directed by Consuelo Naranjo-Orovio from Institute of History (CSIC). The book is presented so that the educational community has the latest and necessary scientific knowledge, in a clear and accessible way, for its transmission to new generations, and contributes -through education and historical knowledge- to combat the discrimination against non-white populations in Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. Through studies we try to promote, rescue and protect our historical memory and cultural expressions of different peoples, as well as enhance dialogue, debate and international cooperation.With this volume we want to contribute, in short, to the knowledge of the past and present of Caribbean countries and their connection with the rest of Latin America, Europe and Africa. The various themes emphasize topical issues that cannot be missing in the higher education of our societies, whose classrooms, a true reflection of society, are marked by integration, multiculturalism and coexistence between different cultures. Education therefore must contribute to the integration of human diversity and the banishment of concepts of one upmanship between populations, based on the misconception regarding the existence of races in the human species.In this book, teachers and students will find multimedia resources that expand the gathered information and various interviews with Caribbean history specialists, designed and conducted by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio and edited by Luis Centurión, from Ediciones Doce Calles publishing house team, who is also a project member: http://youtube.com/c/ConnecCaribbeanProyecto[ES] Este libro es el resultado del proyecto europeo titulado Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of the Modern World. Este proyecto está dirigido por Consuelo Naranjo-Orovio del Instituto de Historia (CSIC). El libro se presenta para que la comunidad educativa tenga el conocimiento científico más reciente y necesario, de manera clara y accesible, para su transmisión a las nuevas generaciones, y contribuye, a través de la educación y el conocimiento histórico, a combatir la discriminación contra las poblaciones no blancas en Europa, el Caribe y América Latina. A través de los estudios tratamos de promover, rescatar y proteger nuestra memoria histórica y expresiones culturales de diferentes pueblos, así como mejorar el diálogo, el debate y la cooperación internacional. Con este volumen queremos contribuir, en resumen, al conocimiento del pasado y el presente de los países del Caribe y su conexión con el resto de América Latina, Europa y África. Los diversos temas enfatizan temas de actualidad que no pueden faltar en la educación superior de nuestras sociedades, cuyas aulas, un verdadero reflejo de la sociedad, están marcadas por la integración, el multiculturalismo y la convivencia entre diferentes culturas. La educación, por lo tanto, debe contribuir a la integración de la diversidad humana y al destierro de los conceptos de un solo dominio entre las poblaciones, basado en el concepto erróneo sobre la existencia de razas en la especie humana. En este libro, maestros y estudiantes encontrarán recursos multimedia que amplían la información recopilada y varias entrevistas con especialistas en historia del Caribe, diseñadas y dirigidas por Consuelo Naranjo Orovio y editadas por Luis Centurión, del equipo de la editorial Ediciones Doce Calles, que también es miembro del proyecto: http://youtube.com/c/ConnecCaribbeanProyectoPeer reviewe

Antología del pensamiento crítico paraguayo contemporáneo

Se sabe que toda antología tiene cierto grado de arbitrariedad; ésta no escapa a esa inevitable regla. Ella propone apenas un recorrido entre muchos otros posibles. Aun así esta selección de textos que se pone a disposición puede ser útil como instrumento de trabajo para el estudio del pensamiento crítico paraguayo de los últimos cincuenta años. Es, por otra parte, el producto de una confrontación entre miradas paraguayas y aquellas provenientes de los estudios paraguayos en el exterior. En efecto, se trata de un trabajo colectivo que se ha ido enriqueciendo, gracias a intercambios previos y colaboraciones entre espacios académicos paraguayos y rioplatenses. Los límites de extensión establecidos para la presente edición han hecho imposible la inclusión de todas las figuras del pensamiento crítico, democrático y emancipatorio del Paraguay, cuyos textos hubiéramos querido incluir. Quede aquí constancia de la razón de muchas notorias ausencias, por las cuales pedimos disculpas

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization