War And The Business Corporation

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39811/3/wp427.pd

PRICING TO MARKET BEHAVIOR IN OLIGOPOLISTIC COMPETITION: A MICROECONOMETRIC APPROACH

This paper takes into account the presence of oligopolistic rivalry between exporters to evaluate their pricing to market behavior. We specify the pricing policy as a simultaneous equation model, which captures the effects of possible interactions in multiple destination markets. The use of information related to multiple transactions helps to alleviate the cost measurement problem found in the typical analyses on prices and exchange rates. Furthermore, the exogenous variations of the exporters' exchange rate vis-à-vis the currency of each destination market will enable us to identify the reaction functions. The empirical approach is applied to the European ceramic tiles industry, where Italian and Spanish exporters compete. Prices are strategic complements and the markup adjustments, caused directly by exchange rate variations, are amplified by the feedback effects on rival's prices. En este trabajo consideramos la presencia de rivalidad oligopolística entre exportadorescon objeto de evaluar la presencia de "pricing to market". Especificamos la política deprecios mediante un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas que recoge los efectos de lasposibles interacciones existentes en múltiples mercados de destino de las exportaciones.El problema de estimación de costes, típico en el análisis de precios y tipos de cambio,se resuelve mediante el uso de información relativa a múltiples transacciones. Por otraparte, las variaciones exógenas del tipo de cambio de la moneda de los exportadoresfrente a la de cada mercado de destino permitirá identificar las funciones de reacción.La aproximación empírica obtenida se aplica a la industria europea de pavimentos yrevestimientos cerámicos en la que los exportadores españoles y italianos compiten. Losresultados indican que los precios actúan como complementarios estratégicos y que losajustes de márgenes de beneficio, causados directamente por las variaciones en los tiposde cambio, son amplificados por la retroalimentación existente sobre los precios de losrivales.tipos de cambio; funciones de reacción; "Pricing to market" Exchange rates; Reaction functions; Pricing to market

Beyond forgiveness and suicidal behaviour in adolescence: the moderating role of gender

With the development of positive psychology, forgiveness has received increasing attention among psychologists from different social science fields . Empirical evidences have suggested associations between forgiveness and suicidal ideation and behaviours, but moderator’s role of gender has been scarcely studied. The aim of the present study was to test the role of gender as a potential moderating factor in the relationship between forgiveness and suicidal behaviour in adolescence. A total of 586 Spanish adolescents from three different high school centres took part in this study. Their average age was 15.51 (SD= 1.17) and 51.2% were men. We conducted moderation analyses and used age and personality factors as control variables. First, we found negative association between forgiveness and risk suicide. Moreover, results showed that gender moderated the relationship between forgiveness and suicidal ideation. Specifically, males compared to females were found to show significantly higher tendency of suicidal behaviour depending on their level of forgiveness. Thus, males who showed higher scores on forgiveness tend to report lower levels of suicidal behaviour, whereas males who reported lower scores on forgiveness showed greater levels of risk suicide. Our findings suggest that forgiveness may operate as a key buffering factor against suicidal risk underlying the importance of examining gender differences in this association. These findings provide therapeutic targets to reduce risk of suicide in this high-risk group of adolescent males with lower levels of forgiveness. Our results are discussed in terms of the need of using gender perspectives in positive psychology intervention programs.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

TESTING COLLUSIVE PRICES IN A MULTIMARKET CONTEXT: THE EUROPEAN CASE OF VITAMIN C

In this paper, we suggest a method to test price-fixing agreements. Prices fixed to multiple shipments are decomposed into a set of destination market effects and time effects in order to allow us to perform an analysis of residuals. We examine the pricing behavior of vitamin C in the European destination markets of German exports. We explore two different periods: January 1991 to August 1995 and September 1995 to September 2001. Empirical results on the first period, which are consistent with our knowledge obtained from firms¿ confessions about illegal agreements, contrast notably with those obtained on the more recent period. En este trabajo proponemos un método para contrastar la presencia de prácticas no competitivas en precios. Cada uno de los precios fijados para diferentes mercados es descompuesto en un efecto fijo por destino y un efecto temporal con objeto de analizar los residuos. Los precios de la vitamina C en los mercados de destino de las exportaciones alemanas son examinados en dos periodos: de enero de 1991 a agosto de 1995 y de septiembre de 1995 a septiembre de 2001. Los resultados para el primer periodo, los cuales son consistentes con nuestro conocimiento obtenido de las confesiones de las empresas participantes en los acuerdos ilegales, contrastan notablemente con los obtenidos para un período más reciente.Colusión; Mercados internacionales; Vitamina C Collusion; International markets; Vitamin C

1932: canvi de pas al valencianisme

També publicat a: El Punt, núm. 467, 16-22 de desembre de 2007, pp. 8-10

Cooperative R&D with Endogenous Technology Differentiation

The choice of a particular technology when there is a set of them available to firms has not appeared in the R&D literature yet. We show some examples and present a model in which firms choose their technologies from a continuum of available profiles and the resulting spillovers depend on the compatibility among firms' R&D technologies. Our results indicate that non-cooperating firms are interested in using the same or very similar technologies. Therefore firms seek to establish coordination mechanisms such as patent pools or Research Joint Ventures. A RJV leads to higher levels of social welfare than patent pools or the non-cooperative case.r&d rjv patent pools cooperation

La Teología trascendental, el más elevado punto de vista de la Filosofía trascendental kantiana.

Sin resume

El testament del marqués de Villatorcas i la disputa del compte de Cervelló per l'herència paterna : una altra conseqüència de l'exili austracista.

Felipo Orts, Amparo - [email protected] el context de les conseqüències de l'exili austriacista vinculat a la Guerra de Successió, aquest article estudia els desencontres familiars que va haver de salvar don Juan Basilio de Castellví, exiliat a Viena, per a veure reconeguts els seus drets a la part de l'herència familiar que assegurava correspondreli, derivats, al seu torn, del conflicte personal que per a son pare, el marqués de Villatorcas, va haver de suposar la necessitat de disposar les seues últimes voluntats -en forma de poder públic- abans de la firma de la Pau de Viena de 1725

Negotiator and arbitrator: The activity of the Regent Melchor Sisternes during the Sardinian Parliament of 1677-1678

Durante la Edad Moderna, el reino de Cerdeña contó con una importante institución propia de carácter representativo: el Parlamento. A diferencia de lo que ocurría en las Cortes de los reinos peninsulares de la Corona de Aragón, en Cerdeña estas nunca fueron presididas por los monarcas, quienes delegaban esa tarea en sus virreyes. Este trabajo analiza las funciones desempeñadas por el regente de la Cancillería de Cerdeña durante el transcurso de las sesiones parlamentarias. La particularidad de que el Parlamento fuera presidido por el virrey confería a los regentes de la Cancillería un papel del que no gozaron en las Cortes de los reinos peninsulares, por tanto, se convertían en una figura política de gran peso. Como se comprobará, el regente formaba parte de diferentes juntas y comisiones, y ejercía de intermediario entre el virrey y los representantes de los estamentos. Este análisis tendrá como protagonista la actividad del regente Melchor Sisternes de Oblites y Badenes durante el Parlamento sardo de 1677-1678In the early Modern Age the kingdom of Sardinia had an important representative institution of its own: The Parliament. Unlike the Courts of the peninsular kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon, the king never presided over the Courts in Sardinia. This task was delegated to the viceroy. This paper analyses the tasks carried out by the regent of the Chancellery of Sardinia during parliamentary sessions. This peculiarity —the viceroy presiding over the Parliament— granted the regents of the Chancellery a role they did not have in the peninsular kingdoms and great influence in politics. As later explained, the regent took part in different council boards and commissions and was an intermediary between the viceroy and the representatives of the estates of the realm. This analysis will focus on the activity of the regent Melchor Sisternes de Oblites y Badenes during the Sardinian Parliament of 1677-167