Relaciòn entre los estilos de apego y el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Emocional en niños de 7 a 9 años del colegio San Juan Apóstol Villa Cerrillo, Arequipa 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre las variables estilos de apego y el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional que presentan un grupo de 116 niños del Colegio Parroquial San Juan Apóstol del Cono Norte, Arequipa 2019. Para el desarrollo del estudio, se utilizó un diseño no experimental de corte transversal de tipo correlacional explicativo. Se contó con la participación de 116 niños con edades entre los 7 y 9 años. Para la evaluación se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario dirigido a los niños objeto del presente estudio; los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de información fueron el Cuestionario de Clasificación de Estilos de Apego desarrollado por Finzi y Cols. del año 1966 y el Cuestionario de Inteligencia Emocional ICE Bar-On NA adaptada en Perú por Ugarriza & Pajares del Águila en el año 2002. Por medio de la aplicación del cuestionario y el respectivo análisis posterior de los datos, se llegó a la conclusión de que el estilo de apego inseguro tiene una relación negativa, moderada y altamente significativa con el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional. Del mismo modo, se halló que los estudiantes evaluados manifiestan tener un estilo de apego inseguro y desarrollan un nivel medio de inteligencia emocional. Se logra observar que la dimensión de la inteligencia emocional con mayor puntaje es la de adaptabilidad y que el 55,10% de los sujetos analizados utilizan alguna estrategia de afrontamiento. A todo esto, se recomienda al Colegio Parroquial San Juan Apóstol instaurar actividades que promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales en los alumnos y trabajar con los padres la importancia del desarrollo del estilo de apego seguro

Aplicación de catalizadores de CeO₂-V₂O₅ en la desulfuración oxidativa de 4,6-dimeltil benzotiofeno como molécula modelo para remover azufre en gasolinas

La desulfuración oxidativa (ODS) es una excelente alternativa para eliminar el azufre de los combustibles y la elección precisa del catalizador es esencial para obtener una buena conversión. En este estudio, se prepararon catalizadores de V₂O₅ y CeO₂ y su mezcla por el método de impregnación incipiente a partir de metavanadato de amonio y cloruro de cerio como precursores. Los catalizadores se caracterizaron mediante diferentes técnicas fisicoquímicas. La acidez del catalizador se midió potenciométricamente por titulación con piridina y utilizando un electrodo de platino. Las propiedades catalíticas de los catalizadores sintetizados se evaluaron en el SAO de 4,6-dimetil dibenzotiofeno. La acidez aumentó con la adición de vanadio, lo que generó más variantes en el estado de oxidación del V₂O₅ y mejoró la actividad catalítica. El catalizador de vanadio con la mayor cantidad de óxido de vanadio alcanzó una tasa de conversión de casi el 100%, que lo convierte en un catalizador viable para la eliminación de azufre. Factores como la acidez y el área superficial afectan a la actividad catalítica.Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an excellent alternative for removing sulfur from fuels and the accurate choice of catalyst is essential in obtaining good conversion. In this study, V₂O₅ and CeO₂ catalysts and their mixture were prepared by incipient impregnation method from ammonium metavanadate and cerium chloride as precursors. The catalysts were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The acidity of the catalyst was measured potentiometrically by titration with pyridine and using a platinum electrode. The catalytic properties of the synthesized catalysts were evaluated in the ODS of 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene. Acidity increased with the addition of vanadium, which generated more variants in the oxidation state of V₂O₅ and improved the catalytic activity. The vanadium catalyst with the highest amount of vanadium oxide achieved a conversion rate of nearly 100%, renders a viable catalyst for sulfur removal. Factors such as acidity and surface area affect the catalytic activity

Desulfuración oxidativa catalítica de 2,4-dimetil dibenzotiofeno utilizando ácido fosfotúngstico soportado sobre óxidos de Al₂O₃, V₂O₅ y ZrO₂

Este trabajo reporta la síntesis, caracterización y prueba catalítica de ZrO₂, V₂O₅ y Al₂O₃ que han sido cargados con 2 cantidades de heteropoliácido H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ para la desulfuración oxidativa catalítica de 4,6-dimetil dibenzotiofeno como modelo de prueba de reacción para reducir el contenido de azufre en el diesel. Los catalizadores se sintetizaron mediante la impregnación de óxidos individuales con una solución del heteropoliácido al 3% y al 3.5% mol respecto al metal de cada óxido. Los materiales se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X, espectroscopia infrarroja y Raman, técnica de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de rayos X. La acidez de los catalizadores se determinó por potenciometría mediante la valoración de los catalizadores con piridina. El ensayo de reacción se considera una alternativa viable, ya que se realiza a temperatura y presión ambiente. Esta reacción puede llevarse a cabo en la fase líquido-líquido, líquido-sólido o trifásica utilizando oxidantes y catalizadores. En este estudio, se utilizó el dimetil dibenzotiofeno como especie de azufre en el gasóleo y como molécula para evaluar la actividad del catalizador.This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic testing of ZrO₂, V₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ that have been loaded with 2 amounts of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacid for the catalytic oxidative desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene as a reaction test model to reduce the sulfur content in diesel. The catalysts were synthesized through the impregnation of individual oxides with a solution of the heteropolyacid to 3% and 3.5% mol with respect to the metal in each oxide. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The acidity of the catalysts was determined by potentiometry by titration of the catalysts with pyridine. The reaction test is considered a viable alternative, because it is performed at ambient temperature and pressure. This reaction can be conducted in the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or triphasic phase using oxidants and catalysts. In this study, dimethyl dibenzothiophene was used as the sulfur species in diesel and as the molecule for evaluating catalyst activity

Síntesis y caracterización de heteropoliácidos aplicado a la obtención de nitrobenceno para condiciones suaves

En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudia la actividad catalítica de Heteropoliácidos soportados en zirconia para obtener su eficiencia y utilización en ciertas reacciones basándonos en las propiedades acidas de estos compuestos, principalmente la obtención de nitrobenceno, por condiciones suaves. El tratamiento de los datos cinéticos se realizó mediante la técnica de espectroscopia FTIR. También se realizó la caracterización de los catalizadores por medio de espectroscopia de infrarrojo, espectroscopia de UV-vis, difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido, observando sus propiedades para la determinación de la eficiencia de los catalizadores.In this research was study the catalytic activity of Heteropolyacids supported in zirconia to obtain their efficiency and use in certain reactions based on their acidic properties of these compounds, mainly obtaining nitrobenzene, for milder conditions. The treatment of kinetic data will be carried out using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. The characterization analysis of catalysts will also be done by different techniques such as Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-vis Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Microscopy, observing its properties for the determination of the efficiency of the catalysts

Microvesicles from indoxyl sulfate-treated endothelial cells induce vascular calcification in vitro

Vascular calcification (VC), an unpredictable pathophysiological process and critical event in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is the leading cause of morbi-mortality and disability in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients worldwide. Currently, no diagnostic method is available for identifying patients at risk of VC development; the pathology is detected when the process is irreversible. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from endothelial cells might promote VC. Therefore, their evaluation and characterization could be useful for designing new diagnostic tools. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether microvesicles (MVs) from endothelial cells damaged by uremic toxin and indoxyl sulfate (IS) could induce calcification in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs). Besides, we have also analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which these endothelial MVs can promote VC development. Endothelial damage has been evaluated according to the percentage of senescence in endothelial cells, differential microRNAs in endothelial cells, and the amount of MVs released per cell. To identify the role of MVs in VC, VSMCs were treated with MVs from IS-treated endothelial cells. Calcium, inflammatory gene expression, and procalcification mediator levels in VSMCs were determined. IS-treated endothelial cells underwent senescence and exhibited modulated microRNA expression and an increase in the release of MVs. VSMCs exposed to these MVs modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and some mediators involved in calcification progression. MVs produced by IS-treated endothelial cells promoted calcification in VSMCs.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISociedad Española de NefrologíaUniversidad de AlcaláGrupo SantanderUniversity fo California San Dieg

Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Silver/Transition-metal Combinatorial Treatments

Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, development of novel antibiotics has become a critical issue. One promising approach is the use of transition metals, since they exhibit rapid and significant toxicity, at low concentrations, in prokaryotic cells. Nevertheless, one main drawback of transition metals is their toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that the barriers to use them as therapeutic agents could be mitigated by combining them with silver. We demonstrate that synergism of combinatorial treatments (Silver/transition metals, including Zn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Cu) increases up to 8-fold their antimicrobial effect, when compared to their individual effects, against E. coli and B. subtilis. We find that most combinatorial treatments exhibit synergistic antimicrobial effects at low/ non-toxic concentrations to human keratinocyte cells, blast and melanoma rat cell lines. Moreover, we show that silver/(Cu, Ni, and Zn) increase prokaryotic cell permeability at sub-inhibitory concentrations, demonstrating this to be a possible mechanism of the synergistic behavior. Together, these results suggest that these combinatorial treatments will play an important role in the future development of antimicrobial agents and treatments against infections. In specific, the cytotoxicity experiments show that the combinations have great potential in the treatment of topical infections

First external quality assurance program for bloodstream Real-Time PCR monitoring of treatment response in clinical trials of Chagas disease

Real-Time PCR (qPCR) testing is recommended as both a diagnostic and outcome measurement of etiological treatment in clinical practice and clinical trials of Chagas disease (CD), but no external quality assurance (EQA) program provides performance assessment of the assays in use. We implemented an EQA system to evaluate the performance of molecular biology laboratories involved in qPCR based follow-up in clinical trials of CD. An EQA program was devised for three clinical trials of CD: the E1224 (NCT01489228), a pro-drug of ravuconazole; the Sampling Study (NCT01678599), that used benznidazole, both conducted in Bolivia; and the CHAGASAZOL (NCT01162967), that tested posaconazole, conducted in Spain. Four proficiency testing panels containing negative controls and seronegative blood samples spiked with 1, 10 and 100 parasite equivalents (par. eq.)/mL of four Trypanosoma cruzi stocks, were sent from the Core Lab in Argentina to the participating laboratories located in Bolivia and Spain. Panels were analyzed simultaneously, blinded to sample allocation, at 4-month intervals. In addition, 302 random blood samples from both trials carried out in Bolivia were sent to Core Lab for retesting analysis. The analysis of proficiency testing panels gave 100% of accordance (within laboratory agreement) and concordance (between laboratory agreement) for all T. cruzi stocks at 100 par. eq./mL; whereas their values ranged from 71 to 100% and from 62 to 100% at 1 and 10 par. eq./mL, respectively, depending on the T. cruzi stock. The results obtained after twelve months of preparation confirmed the stability of blood samples in guanidine-EDTA buffer. No significant differences were found between qPCR results from Bolivian laboratory and Core Lab for retested clinical samples. This EQA program for qPCR analysis of CD patient samples may significantly contribute to ensuring the quality of laboratory data generated in clinical trials and molecular diagnostics laboratories of CD

Risk factors for eating disorders in students of the University of Manizales

Determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: De 3,610 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad de Manizales se tomó una muestra de 165 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario integrado compuesto por variables demográficas, las escalas de Zung para ansiedad o depresión, el Eating Disorderrs Inventory (EDI2) y el Apgar familiar; además se tomaron las medidas de peso, talla, Índice de masa corporal y pliegue en el antebrazo. Resultado: Un12.7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaría, 17.3% de la población femenina y el 3.8% de la población masculina; las personas con mayor factor de riesgo fueron las mujeres en la facultad de Comunicación Social y Periodismo (24.1%). Se determinó una relación significativa entre la variable impulso por la delgadez con la ansiedad o depresión. El mayor Índice de masa corporal y de porcentaje de grasa está asociado con un aumento en la variable impulso por la delgadez. Conclusiones :Se encontraron factores de riesgo asociados con trastornos de la alimentación. La frecuencia del factor de riesgo según EDI2 en este estudio fue más baja que la encontrada en estudios realizados en Medellín y Bogotá.[Cano AA, Castaño JJ, Corredor DA, García AM, González M, Lloreda OL, et al. Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales. MedUNAB 2007; 10:187-194]To determine the frequency of risk factors for eating disorders in students at the University of Manizales. Materials and methods: A sample of 165 students was taken from 3,610 regular students of the University of Manizales, who answered an integrated questionnaire made up of demographic variables, the Zung scales for anxiety or depression, the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI2) and the Apgar. familiar; in addition, measurements of weight, height, body mass index and fold in the forearm were taken. Result: 12.7% of the population presented a positive risk factor for eating disorders, 17.3% of the female population and 3.8% of the male population; the people with the highest risk factor were women in the Faculty of Social Communication and Journalism (24.1%). A significant relationship was determined between the variable drive for thinness with anxiety or depression. Higher body mass index and body fat percentage are associated with an increase in the drive for thinness variable. Conclusions: Risk factors associated with eating disorders were found. The frequency of the risk factor according to EDI2 in this study was lower than that found in studies carried out in Medellín and Bogotá.[Cano AA, Castaño JJ, Corredor DA, García AM, González M, Lloreda OL, et al. Risk factors for eating disorders in students of the University of Manizales. MedUNAB 2007; 10:187-194

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery