Patterns of resistance to antibiotics in Enterococcus spp isolated from raw milk tank of dairy farms; a risk for animal and public health?

Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are responsible of emerging infections in both, humans and animals which represent a health challenge, especially in public health due to the possible spreading of this resistance from animals to humans. According to this idea, a study was carried out on raw milk tank from twenty four dairy herds with the objective to detect the prevalence of Enterococcus spp, a bacteria inhabitant of the animal and human environment. Antibiotic resistance patterns and phenotypes of the isolated strains were studied in order to evaluate their potential role in the transmission of the antimicrobial resistance to humans and also to other animals from milk production environment. E. faecium was the most prevalent microorganism while E. faecalis was the second one. The level of Enterococcus spp strains with resistance to the antibiotics used in veterinary medicine were medium-high while the level of resistance to some reference antibiotics in human medicine (glicopeptides) was low but in most of the strains the value was in the limit of the cut-off point. Multidrug resistance (more than three classes of antibiotics tested) was detected in the majority of the isolated strains. While no resistant phenotypes were identified according to the MIC studies and vanA phenotype was not detected, some strains presented MIC values near this vanA phenotype. These results suggested that implementation of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms surveillance programs in raw milk tank of dairy herds could contribute to define future animal treatments at farm level and to identify the animal and public health risks of antimicrobial resistance transmission associated to milk production

El estudio arqueométrico de la producciones cerámicas

El estudio de la pasta de las cerámicas mediante lámina delgada, difracción de rayos X y su análisis quimico permite profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el origen de las mismas y en su tecnología de elaboración, asi como determinar las temperaturas minimas o maximas de cocción alcanzadas. De igual modo permite poner de manifiesto las modificaciones posteriores sufridas por el uso continuado de las mismas y por procesos tardíos debidos al soterramiento de las piezas. Los resultados obtenidos cotejados con la informacion arqueológica, la contextualización de los yacimientos y el entorno cultural de cada época permite constatar en algunos casos pautas comerciales o de intercambi

Intestinal microbiota influences non-intestinal related autoimmune diseases

Indexación: Scopus.The human body is colonized by millions of microorganisms named microbiota that interact with our tissues in a cooperative and non-pathogenic manner. These microorganisms are present in the skin, gut, nasal, oral cavities, and genital tract. In fact, it has been described that the microbiota contributes to balancing the immune system to maintain host homeostasis. The gut is a vital organ where microbiota can influence and determine the function of cells of the immune system and contributes to preserve the wellbeing of the individual. Several articles have emphasized the connection between intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease with dysbiosis or an imbalance in the microbiota composition in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in autoimmune pathologies affecting other tissues than the intestine. This article focuses on what is known about the role that gut microbiota can play in the pathogenesis of non-intestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's diseases, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we discuss as to how metabolites derived from bacteria could be used as potential therapies for non-intestinal autoimmune diseases. © 2018 Opazo, Ortega-Rocha, Coronado-Arrázola, Bonifaz, Boudin, Neunlist, Bueno, Kalergis and Riedel.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00432/ful

Efecto del procesamiento sobre las propiedades antioxidantes de dos tipos comerciales de cacahuete cultivados en México

The effect of roasting, frying, microwave heating, and germination on the antioxidant properties, total phenolics and flavonoids content of two types of peanuts (Valencia and Virginia) grown in Mexico was investigated. The thermal treatments affected the phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of the two varieties of peanuts differently (by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and iron chelating activity methods). Germination was the best method to increase the antioxidant activity (up to 157% increase in the Virginia variety) and the contents of compounds with nutraceutical potential in the peanuts (up to 59% increase in total phenolics in the Valencia variety and 700% increase in total flavonoids in the Virginia variety). Germinated peanuts could be used as raw material for the production of functional foods.Se investigó el efecto del tostado, fritura, tostado en microondas y la germinación, sobre las propiedades antioxidantes, el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales y flavonoides de dos tipos de cacahuete cultivados en México. Los tratamientos térmicos afectaron de forma diferente al contenido de fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de las dos variedades de cacahuete (por los métodos de ABTS, DPPH, FRAP y actividad quelante de hierro). La germinación fue el mejor método para aumentar la actividad antioxidante (hasta en 157% en la variedad Virginia) y el contenido de compuestos con potencial nutracéutico de los cacahuates (hasta en 59% de aumento en los fenólicos totales de la variedad Valencia y 700% de aumento en los flavonoides totales de la variedad Virginia). Los cacahuetes germinados podrían usarse como materia prima para la producción de alimentos funcionales

Miristato de miristilo “100% natural”. Estudio del proceso de síntesis biocatalítica

El miristato de miristilo es uno de los ésteres cerosos másutilizados en las formulaciones cosméticas como emoliente.La legislación europea permite catalogar como productosnaturales a todos aquellos obtenidos directamente dela naturaleza o los sintetizados mediante procedimientosbiocatalíticos. En este contexto, el presente trabajo recogelos estudios realizados para optimizar la síntesis biocatalíticade miristato de miristilo con lipasa de Candida antarcticainmovilizada (Novozym® 435). Operando a 70ºC, avacío y con circulación de N2 seco, se ha podido obtener,en tan sólo 2 horas, un éster que presenta las mismas características (número ácido, valor de hidroxilo, índice deyodo e índice de saponificación), que los productos quese encuentran actualmente en el mercado, con la notableventaja de que este miristato de miristilo permite el etiquetadode los productos cosméticos que lo contienen como“100% natural”

FGF-2 and anosmin-1 are selectively expressed in different types of multiple sclerosis lesions

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that affects ~2,000,000 people worldwide. In the advanced stages of the disease, endogenous oligodendrocyte precursors cannot colonize the lesions or differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. During development, both FGF-2 and Anosmin-1 participate in oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration, acting via the FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). Hence, we performed a histopathological and molecular analysis of these developmental modulators in postmortem tissue blocks from multiple sclerosis patients. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the distribution of FGF-2 and Anosmin-1 varies between the different types of multiple sclerosis lesions: FGF-2 is expressed only within active lesions and in the periplaque of chronic lesions, whereas Anosmin-1 is upregulated within chronic lesions and is totally absent in active lesions. We show that the endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells recruited toward chronic-active lesions express FGFR1, possibly in response to the FGF-2 produced by microglial cells in the periplaque. Also in human tissue, FGF-2 is upregulated in perivascular astrocytes in regions of the normal-appearing gray matter, where the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is compromised. In culture, FGF-2 and Anosmin-1 influence adult mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration in the same manner as at embryonic stages, providing an explanation for the histopathological observations: FGF-2 attracts/ enhances its migration, which is hindered by Anosmin-1. We propose that FGF-2 and Anosmin-1 are markers for the histopathological type and the level of inflammation of multiple sclerosis lesions, and that they may serve as novel pharmacogenetic targets to design future therapies that favor effective remyelination and protect the blood-brain barrier. © 2011 the authors.Peer Reviewe

Xantoma intraóseo pelviano: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

ResumenEl xantoma intraóseo (XIO) es un tumor óseo benigno extremadamente raro. En la histología se caracteriza por presentar macrófagos mononucleares, abundantes células espumosas y células gigantes multinucleadas. Puede aparecer asociado a otras enfermedades (XIO secundario), principalmente a desórdenes lipídicos, o en forma aislada (XIO primario). Los XIO son lesiones líticas expansivas que a menudo se encuentran en pacientes con condiciones hiperlipidémicas. En la mayoría de los casos la evaluación inicial se realiza con radiografía, aunque otros procedimientos pueden ser necesarios para confirmar el diagnóstico.Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 48 años que consultó por lumbalgia con irradiación al miembro inferior derecho e impotencia funcional de 3 meses de evolución. Tenía hallazgos imagenológicos de XIO en el hueso ilíaco derecho, sin hiperlipidemia o lesiones preexistentes. Se llevó a cabo la extirpación total del tumor y el posterior estudio histopatológico de la pieza operatoria confirmó el diagnóstico. El tratamiento resultó exitoso.El objetivo de este artículo es describir los hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos (radiografía, resonancia magnética, tomografía computada y medicina nuclear) de un XIO primario y su tratamiento. Además, realizamos una breve revisión de la literatura.AbstractIntraosseous xanthoma is an extremely rare benign bone tumor. Histology shows mononuclear macrophages, abundant foam cells and multinucleated giant cells. The intraosseous xanthoma may appear associated with other diseases (secondary intraosseous xanthoma), mainly lipid disorders or without an underlying lipid disorder (primary intraosseous xanthoma). The intraosseous xanthoma is a lytic, expansive tumor, often seen in patients with hyperlipidemic conditions. In most cases, the initial evaluation is performed with X-ray, although other procedures may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a man aged 48, who consulted for back pain radiating to the right leg and functional disability 3 months duration, with imaging findings in the right iliac XIO in the absence of pre-existing injuries or hyperlipidemic conditions, so surgery for total removal of the tumor was performed with histological examination of the surgical specimen, confirming the preoperative diagnosis of XIO. Such treatment resulted curative. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical, imaging findings (RX, MRI, CT, nuclear medicine) and the course of treatment of a committing the iliac primary intraosseous xanthoma a and a normolipidemic patient brief review of the literature

Hydroformylation of synthetic naphtha catalyzed by a dinuclear gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) complex

This work focuses on the use of a gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) Rh 2(µ-S 2CBn 2)(cod) 2 complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, Bn 2CS 2 2- = 1,3-diphenyl-2,2-dithiolatopropane) dissolved in toluene in the presence of monodentate phosphite P-donor ligand (P(OPh) 3) under carbon monoxide/hydrogen (1:1, syngas) atmosphere as an effective catalyst for hydroformylation of some olefins (oxo-reactions). The capability of this system to catalyze the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene, cyclohexene, 2,3-dimethyl-but-1-ene and 2-methyl-pent-2-ene and their quaternary mixture (synthetic naphtha) has been demonstrated. This innovative method to perform the in situ hydroformylation of the olefins present in naphthas to oxygenated products would be a promissory work for a future industrial catalytic process applicable to gasoline improving based on oxo-reactions. An important observation is that variation of CO/H 2 pressure (6.8-34.0 atm), temperature (60-80 oC), reaction time (2-10 h), rhodium concentration ((1.0-1.8)x10 -3 mol/L) affect hydroformylation reaction rates. Optimal conversion to oxygenated products were achieved under Rh = 1.8 x10 -2 mol/L, P(CO/H 2) = 34 atm (CO/H 2 = 1:1) at 80 oC for 10 h

Using Topological Statistics to Detect Determinism in Time Series

Statistical differentiability of the measure along the reconstructed trajectory is a good candidate to quantify determinism in time series. The procedure is based upon a formula that explicitly shows the sensitivity of the measure to stochasticity. Numerical results for partially surrogated time series and series derived from several stochastic models, illustrate the usefulness of the method proposed here. The method is shown to work also for high--dimensional systems and experimental time seriesComment: 23 RevTeX pages, 14 eps figures. To appear in Physical Review

Effects of the presence of cellulose and curaua fibers on the thermal and mechanical properties of eco-composites based on cellulose acetate

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOLos materiales eco-compósitos han obtenido el interés de la academia, debido a sus características amigables al medio ambiente. En este trabajo, se prepararon dos grupos de eco-compósitos con matriz de acetato de celulosa, reforzados con fibras de celulos172533546FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2010/02098-02010/17804-7Los autores agradecen el financiamiento de los proyectos CONACYT 251504 y 264110. Además,se agradece a EMBRAPA por donar las fibras y aFAPESP (2010/02098-0 y 2010/17804-7