Cervical cancer mortality in the Colombian Amazon

OBJETIVO. Analizar el pico de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino que se presentó en Guainía, en 2018. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio ecológico. Se analizaron los datos de todas las instituciones con información sobre morbimortalidad y atenciones relacionadas con el cáncer de cuello uterino en Colombia, entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2019. Se incluyeron todos los datos disponibles para Guainía. Se excluyeron las bases sin datos entre 2016 y 2018. Se analizaron la morbimortalidad, atenciones y procedimientos, comparando el comportamiento en 2018 respecto de los demás años. RESULTADOS. Las personas atendidas, las atenciones y los procedimientos relacionados con cáncer de cuello uterino disminuyeron en 2016 y 2017. La concentración de atenciones por persona más baja del periodo se dio en 2017. En 2019, aumentó el número de personas con diagnóstico de infección por papilomavirus. CONCLUSIONES. La reducción en las tamizaciones, las atenciones y los procedimientos relacionados con cáncer de cuello uterino, en un territorio, puede ocasionar aumentos en la mortalidad por este tipo de cáncer. Es fundamental sostener en el tiempo las acciones de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, para evitar esta mortalidad.OBJECTIVE. To analyze the cervical cancer mortality peak, in Guainía, in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ecological study. Data from all institutions with cervical cancer morbidity, mortality and attention information in Colombia, between January/2009 and December/2019, were analyzed. All available data for Guainía were included. The databases with no data between 2016 and 2018 were excluded. Morbidity, mortality, attention, and procedures were analyzed, comparing the behavior in 2018 to the other years. RESULTS. Cervical cancer-related patients, care and procedures decreased in 2016 and 2017. The lowest concentration of care per person in the period was in 2017. In 2019, the number of people diagnosed with papillomavirus infection increased. CONCLUSIONS. The reduction in screenings, care and procedures related to cervical cancer, in a territory, can lead to increases in mortality from this type of cancer. It is essential to sustain prevention, diagnosis, and treatment actions over time to avoid this mortality.PregradoTecnólogo En Citohistologí

Aprovechamiento del potencial hidro energético en una mini hidroeléctrica aislada.

El trabajo presenta un estudio de caso en una instalación hidroeléctrica con problemas de agotamiento de agua. El objetivo fue evaluar el aprovechamiento del potencial hidro energético disponible aplicando una metodología integradora contribuyendo a la mejora de la eficiencia energética y el uso de los recursos hídricos en el proceso de transformación de la energía hidráulica en eléctrica.   Los resultados demuestran la existencia de sobreconsumo del agua disponible y sobredimensionamiento de la transmisión mecánica, ambos constituyen problemas de operación. La solución al problema, aunque sencilla, aportó una metodología que integra conocimientos de dinámica de los fluidos, turbinas hidráulicas, máquinas eléctricas y elementos de máquinas. El problema analizado constituye un ejercicio integrador para la enseñanza de pregrado y postgrado en el área de Hidroenergía y el uso racional de recursos hídricos

Adverse events during minimally invasive esophagectomy in prone position associated with the learning curve

Antecedentes: desde la introducción de la funduplicatura laparoscópica en 1991 para tratar la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, se han desarrollado diferentes procedimientos mininvasivos hasta llegar en la actualidad a las esofagectomías totalmente toracoscópicas y laparoscópicas. Objetivo: analizar los eventos adversos durante la esofagectomía mininvasiva en posición prona durante la curva de aprendizaje. Material y métodos: en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2011 y junio de 2017 fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Martín (HIGA) y el Instituto de Diagnóstico de La Plata 36 pacientes mediante esofagectomía mininvasiva (EMI) en posición prona (PP). Resultados: durante el tiempo abdominal se produjo una lesión de vasos coronarios. En el tiempo torácico se registraron dos lesiones pulmonares, una lesión del cayado de vena ácigos y una sección del conducto torácico; además hubo un caso de daño al nervio recurrente y una lesión del bronquio fuente izquierdo durante la linfadenectomía. Al analizar el total de las complicaciones se observó que la mayoría de ellas se presentaron en los primeros 20 casos, mientras que en los 16 siguientes solo se registró una lesión pulmonar (p=0,10). Conclusión: como conclusión podemos decir que la EMI en PP, como ya es sabido, es un procedimiento factible y seguro pero ‒dada su complejidad‒ puede provocar lesiones intraoperatorias graves. Aunque los resultados de nuestra serie no arrojaron diferencias de significancia estadística, la cantidad de eventos adversos durante las operaciones realizadas por el mismo equipo disminuyó sensiblemente en la medida en que se adquirió el entrenamiento suficiente.Background: Since the initial description of laparoscopic fundoplication in 1991 for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, different minimally invasive procedures have been developed until nowadays, when esophagectomy is performed using combined thoracoscopy and laparoscopy. Objective: The aim of our study is to analyze the adverse events of minimally invasive esophagectomy in prone position during the learning curve. Material and methods: Between November 2011 and June 2017, 36 patients underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy in prone position in the Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos (HIGA) San Martín and the Instituto de Diagnóstico de La Plata. Results: During the abdominal stage one patient presented coronary vessel injury. The complications occurring in the thoracic stage included lung injury (n =2), azygos arch injury (n = 1), thoracic duct dissection (n = 1), laryngeal recurrent nerve lesion (n = 1) and main stem bronchus injury (n = 1) during lymph node resection. Most of these complications occurred in the first 20 patients, while in the remaining 16 cases only lung injury occurred (p = 0.10) Conclusion: Minimally invasive esophagectomy in prone position is a feasible and safe procedure that can cause serious intraoperative complications due to its complexity. Although the results of our series did not show statistically significant differences, the number of adverse events during surgeries performed by the same team showed an important reduction associated with better training.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Caracterización de los aceites de refrigeración utilizados en motocompresores herméticos que trabajan con el gas refrigerante LB-12

El objetivo de este trabajo va dirigido a conocer las principales propiedades de los aceites de refrigeraci&oacute;n de formulaci&oacute;nnacional y extranjera concebidos para los sistemas que trabajan con el refrigerante R-12 y en la actualidad se utilizancon el gas refrigerante LB-12. Se realiz&oacute; un an&aacute;lisis de laboratorio a los aceites estudiados seg&uacute;n las normas de laASTM para los productos derivados del petr&oacute;leo. Los resultados de este trabajo son de inter&eacute;s para la correctaselecci&oacute;n del aceite de refrigeraci&oacute;n atendiendo al modelo de compresor, refrigerante utilizado y condiciones deexplotaci&oacute;n.&nbsp;&nbsp;The use of the hydrocarbons as refrigerants in actuality have been a great diffusion in the hermetic motocompressorsof domestic refrigerators and other, in substitution of the R-12 refrigerant which result harmful to the ozone layer. Theobjective of this research was to know the principal properties of the refrigeration oils of national and foreign formulationmarketed for the refrigeration systems that work with the refrigerant R-12 and in the nowadays are using the refrigerantgas LB-12. In this work was made laboratories analysis to the oil using the ASTM norms for the oil products. Theresults of this work are interesting for the suitable selection of the refrigeration oil it must be taken into accountmotocompressor model, refrigerant used, and exploitation conditions.</p

Image_1_Case report: Diagnosis and autogenous vaccine treatment of herpesvirus in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Santa Marta, Colombia.JPEG

This study reports the first case of fibropapillomatosis (FP) in the green turtle Chelonia mydas that has been successfully diagnosed and treated in Colombia. Worldwide, FP has reached epizootic proportions as it has been reported in marine turtles of tropical and subtropical waters, and in severe cases, it reduces the probability of survival. Treatment has been elusive as multiple surgical excisions are needed due to tumor recurrence. In this case, one green turtle with multiple tumors was diagnosed by histopathology and molecular detection of the chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) by means of amplification and sequencing of the DNA polymerase (DNApol) gene. Two separate treatments that consisted of autogenous vaccines and surgical excisions were applied; the first one had a partial success as one out of the tumors treated reappeared after 3 months post-treatment. Treatment 2 consisted of an autogenous vaccine enriched with adjuvants and applied at increasing doses, after which, the tumor significatively decreased in size and was surgically removed. At the end of the 6 months follow-up period, no tumor recurrence was observed, and the turtle was in apparent optimal health conditions. These findings, although limited, suggest a possible treatment that might help to contain this epizootic problem.</p

Table_1_Case report: Diagnosis and autogenous vaccine treatment of herpesvirus in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Santa Marta, Colombia.docx

This study reports the first case of fibropapillomatosis (FP) in the green turtle Chelonia mydas that has been successfully diagnosed and treated in Colombia. Worldwide, FP has reached epizootic proportions as it has been reported in marine turtles of tropical and subtropical waters, and in severe cases, it reduces the probability of survival. Treatment has been elusive as multiple surgical excisions are needed due to tumor recurrence. In this case, one green turtle with multiple tumors was diagnosed by histopathology and molecular detection of the chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) by means of amplification and sequencing of the DNA polymerase (DNApol) gene. Two separate treatments that consisted of autogenous vaccines and surgical excisions were applied; the first one had a partial success as one out of the tumors treated reappeared after 3 months post-treatment. Treatment 2 consisted of an autogenous vaccine enriched with adjuvants and applied at increasing doses, after which, the tumor significatively decreased in size and was surgically removed. At the end of the 6 months follow-up period, no tumor recurrence was observed, and the turtle was in apparent optimal health conditions. These findings, although limited, suggest a possible treatment that might help to contain this epizootic problem.</p

Religião e política entre alunos de serviço social (UFRJ)

O artigo busca comparar a participação religiosa, cívico-política e voluntária-assistencial dos alunos de serviço social da UFRJ. Buscava-se identificar com que religiões os discentes mais se identificavam (entre católicos, espíritas, protestantes e sem religião) e se a identidade e participação religiosas favoreciam a participação nas outras duas instâncias. A pesquisa abrangeu 756 alunos, em 1999 e 2006, de todos os períodos, dos cursos diurno e noturno da Escola de Serviço Social da UFRJ. O artigo conclui que os alunos não abandonam suas crenças religiosas quando expostos a formação política. Além disso, eles demonstram ter espírito cooperativo e estão dispostos a atuarem voluntariamente nas instituições a que estão filiados.<br>The article seeks to compare the religious, civic-political and voluntary-assistential forms of participation of UFRJ social workers students. It aims to identify the religions to which the faculty mostly identifies itself (between Catholics, Spiritists, Protestants and religiousless) and whether the religious identity and participation favor the participation in the other two instances. The research has contemplated 756 students of UFRJ Social Work School, all grades and course turns comprised, in 1999 and 2006. The article concludes that the students do not abandon their religious beliefs when they are exposed to a political background. Moreover, they seem to have a cooperative spirit and are willing to work voluntarily in the institutions to which they are affiliated

Detailed monitoring of a small but recovering population reveals sublethal effects of disease and unexpected interactions with supplemental feeding

Infectious diseases are widely recognized to have substantial impact on wildlife populations. These impacts are sometimes exacerbated in small endangered populations, and therefore, the success of conservation reintroductions to aid the recovery of such species can be seriously threatened by outbreaks of infectious disease. Intensive management strategies associated with conservation reintroductions can further compound these negative effects in such populations. Exploring the sublethal effects of disease outbreaks among natural populations is challenging and requires longitudinal, individual life-history data on patterns of reproductive success and other indicators of individual fitness. Long-term monitoring data concerning detailed reproductive information of the reintroduced Mauritius parakeet (Psittacula echo) population collected before, during and after a disease outbreak was investigated. Deleterious effects of an outbreak of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were revealed on hatch success, but these effects were remarkably short-lived and disproportionately associated with breeding pairs which took supplemental food. Individual BFDV infection status was not predicted by any genetic, environmental or conservation management factors and was not associated with any of our measures of immune function, perhaps suggesting immunological impairment. Experimental immunostimulation using the PHA (phytohaemagglutinin assay) challenge technique did, however, provoke a significant cellular immune response. We illustrate the resilience of this bottlenecked and once critically endangered, island-endemic species to an epidemic outbreak of BFDV and highlight the value of systematic monitoring in revealing inconspicuous but nonetheless substantial ecological interactions. Our study demonstrates that the emergence of such an infectious disease in a population ordinarily associated with increased susceptibility does not necessarily lead to deleterious impacts on population growth and that negative effects on reproductive fitness can be short-lived