614 research outputs found
Sintesis dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa N-fenil-4-klorobenzamida
N-phenylbenzamide is benzamide derivatives, which is potential as an antibacterial agent. N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide is N-phenylbenzamide derivative that substitued by chloro to the para position and it was expected to enhance the antibacterial activity. N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide was synthesized by reacting 1,3-diphenyilthiourea and 4-chlorobenzoil chloride. This compound has been purified and provided 53% of product with crystal shape, white color, and melting point of 195-197 oC. The purification of this compound was confirmed by TLC and the structure was identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. This compound was tested for its activity against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, evaluated by well diffusion method and the result showed no activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Keywords: N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide, synthesis, antibacterial activit
Dynamique des nutriments en MƩditerranƩe : des campagnes ocƩanographiques aux flotteurs Bio-Argo
The Mediterranean Sea is characterized by nutrient concentrations among the lowest in the world, and which exhibit decreasing values eastward. At climatological scale, a subtropical-like regime dominates almost the entire basin, except for some areas where temperate like dynamics are found. Despite the importance of nutrients on these cycles, very little is known about their temporal variability, due to the overall data scarcity at basin scale. This work mainly aims to address this issue at various time scales. Data from the DYFAMED time-series were firstly examined, and allowed the description of the seasonal cycle and decadal trends of nutrient concentrations, in the northwestern Mediterranean. The analysis of atmospheric data from the Cap Ferrat station completed this work, and permitted to evaluate the relative contributions of the different processes that provide nutrients in surface. The study was then extended to the whole basin by considering measurements acquired by Bio-Argo floats (deployed in the framework of the NAOS EQUIPEX), equipped with a nitrate sensor (SUNA). These floats are about to fundamentally change the way we observe the ocean, and present work is among the first to document this ongoing technological revolution. They allowed, for the first time in the Mediterranean, the monitoring of seasonal variability of nitrate concentrations, simultaneously in different areas of the basin. This data also highlighted the significance of the high frequency temporal variability, which enables to reevaluate the role of some processes.La MĆ©diterranĆ©e est caracteĢriseĢe par des concentrations en nutriments parmi les plus faibles au monde, et qui montrent des valeurs deĢcroissantes dāouest en est. A lāeĢchelle climatologique, le bassin est domineĢ par un reĢgime subtropical, aĢ lāexception de certaines zones speĢcifiques, qui preĢsentent une dynamique typique des reĢgions tempeĢreĢes. MalgreĢ lāimportance des nutriments pour ces cycles, on connaıĢt peu de chose sur leur variabiliteĢ temporelle car les donneĢes disponibles sont souvent insuffisantes aĢ lāeĢchelle du bassin. Lāobjectif principal de ce travail est dāaborder cette question aĢ diffeĢrentes eĢchelles de temps. Lāexploitation de la seĢrie temporelle DYFAMED a dāabord permis de deĢcrire le cycle saisonnier et les tendances deĢcennales des concentrations en nutriments en MeĢditerraneĢe nord-occidentale. Lāanalyse des donneĢes dāapports atmospheĢriques de la station du Cap Ferrat aĢ compleĢteĢ ce travail, en eĢvaluant lāimportance relative des processus dāapprovisionnement en nutriments des eaux de surface. Pour eĢlargir lāeĢtude aĢ lāensemble du bassin, nous avons par la suite consideĢreĢ des mesures acquises par des flotteurs Bio-Argo (deĢployeĢs dans le cadre de lāEQUIPEX NAOS), eĢquipeĢs de capteurs optiques mesurant les concentrations en nitrate (SUNA). Ces flotteurs sont en train de changer fondamentalement la manieĢre dont nous observons les oceĢans, et cette theĢse est lāune des premieĢres aĢ documenter cette reĢvolution technologique. Ils ont rendu possible, pour la premieĢre fois en MeĢditerraneĢe, une description des cycles saisonniers des concentrations en nitrate, simultaneĢment en diffeĢrentes zones du bassin. Ces donneĢes ont aussi souligneĢ lāimportance de la variabiliteĢ temporelle haute freĢquence, permettant de reĢeĢvaluer le roĢle de certains processus
Should heart, lung, and liver transplant recipients receive immunosuppression induction for kidney transplantation?
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74619/1/j.1399-0012.2009.00973.x.pd
Supranormal Expiratory Airflow after Bilateral Lung Transplantation is Associated with Improved Survival
RATIONALE:
flow volume loops (FVL) in some bilateral lung transplant (BLT) and heart-lung transplant (HLT) patients suggest variable extrathoracic obstruction in the absence of identifiable causes. These FVLs usually have supranormal expiratory and normal inspiratory flow rates (SUPRA pattern). OBJECTIVES:
characterize the relationship of the SUPRA pattern to predicted donor and recipient lung volumes, airway size, and survival. METHODS:
we performed a retrospective review of adult BLT/HLT patients. We defined the SUPRA FVL pattern as: (1) mid-vital capacity expiratory to inspiratory flow ratio (Ve50:Vi50) \u3e 1.0, (2) absence of identifiable causes of extrathoracic obstruction, and (3) Ve50/FVC ā„ 1.5 s(-1). We calculated predicted total lung capacity (pTLC) ratio by dividing the donor pTLC by the recipient pTLC. We measured airway luminal areas on thoracic computer tomographic scans. We compared survival in patients with and without the SUPRA pattern. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
the SUPRA FVL pattern occurred in 56% of the 89 patients who qualified for the analysis. The pTLC ratio of SUPRA and non-SUPRA patients was 1.11 and 0.99, respectively (P = 0.004). A higher pTLC ratio was correlated with increased probability of the SUPRA pattern (P = 0.0072). Airway luminal areas were larger in SUPRA patients (P = 0.009). Survival was better in the SUPRA cohort (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS:
the SUPRA FVL pattern was frequent in BLT/HLT patients. High expiratory flows in SUPRA patients could result from increased lung elastic recoil or reduced airway resistance, both of which could be caused by the pTLC mismatch. Improved survival in the SUPRA cohort suggests potential therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in BLT/HLT patients
Estimates of Water-Column Nutrient Concentrations and Carbonate System Parameters in the Global Ocean: A Novel Approach Based on Neural Networks
A neural network-based method (CANYON: CArbonate system and Nutrients concentration from hYdrological properties and Oxygen using a Neural-network) was developed to estimate water-column (i.e., from surface to 8,000 m depth) biogeochemically relevant variables in the Global Ocean. These are the concentrations of three nutrients [nitrate (NO3ā), phosphate (PO43ā), and silicate (Si(OH)4)] and four carbonate system parameters [total alkalinity (AT), dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), pH (pHT), and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)], which are estimated from concurrent in situ measurements of temperature, salinity, hydrostatic pressure, and oxygen (O2) together with sampling latitude, longitude, and date. Seven neural-networks were developed using the GLODAPv2 database, which is largely representative of the diversity of open-ocean conditions, hence making CANYON potentially applicable to most oceanic environments. For each variable, CANYON was trained using 80 % randomly chosen data from the whole database (after eight 10Ā° Ć 10Ā° zones removed providing an āindependent data-setā for additional validation), the remaining 20 % data were used for the neural-network test of validation. Overall, CANYON retrieved the variables with high accuracies (RMSE): 1.04 Ī¼mol kgā1 (NO3ā), 0.074 Ī¼mol kgā1 (PO43ā), 3.2 Ī¼mol kgā1 (Si(OH)4), 0.020 (pHT), 9 Ī¼mol kgā1 (AT), 11 Ī¼mol kgā1 (CT) and 7.6 % (pCO2) (30 Ī¼atm at 400 Ī¼atm). This was confirmed for the eight independent zones not included in the training process. CANYON was also applied to the Hawaiian Time Series site to produce a 22 years long simulated time series for the above seven variables. Comparison of modeled and measured data was also very satisfactory (RMSE in the order of magnitude of RMSE from validation test). CANYON is thus a promising method to derive distributions of key biogeochemical variables. It could be used for a variety of global and regional applications ranging from data quality control to the production of datasets of variables required for initialization and validation of biogeochemical models that are difficult to obtain. In particular, combining the increased coverage of the global Biogeochemical-Argo program, where O2 is one of the core variables now very accurately measured, with the CANYON approach offers the fascinating perspective of obtaining large-scale estimates of key biogeochemical variables with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. The Matlab and R codes of the proposed algorithms are provided as Supplementary Material
Plasma Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and von Willebrand Factor in Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75029/1/j.1600-6143.2007.01981.x.pd
The Grizzly, September 25, 1981
Greaseband Tonight ā¢ Campus Welcome ā¢ Fridge Fee Unfrozen ā¢ Deutsch und Deutschland Heute: German Professor Co-authors Text ā¢ Public Speaking Exemption Exam ā¢ Books Sought by Ursinus Friends ā¢ Red Cross Bloodmobile at Helfferich Hall ā¢ Career Planning and Placement Office ā¢ Dessert Held in Union ā¢ Fast Food Service Losing Convenience ā¢ ProTheatre: Canterbury Tales Presented ā¢ Transplanted Texan: Nobody Expects the Moral Majority ā¢ School Bands Looking for Musicians ā¢ WRUC: Back on the Air? ā¢ First Coffeehouse Sparkles With Talent ā¢ Late Mail for Off-Campus Houses ā¢ [Reprinted Articles About the Greaseband] ā¢ Bear\u27s Booters Kick Off Season ā¢ Business as Usual for Cross-Country ā¢ Bears Drop 10-3 Decision to Western Maryland ā¢ Davis Leads Hockey Over Widenerhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1061/thumbnail.jp
An observational study of Donor Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in UK lung transplantation: DEVELOP-UK
Background:
Many patients awaiting lung transplantation die before a donor organ becomes available. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) allows initially unusable donor lungs to be assessed and reconditioned for clinical use.
Objective:
The objective of the Donor Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in UK lung transplantation study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of EVLP in increasing UK lung transplant activity.
Design:
A multicentre, unblinded, non-randomised, non-inferiority observational study to compare transplant outcomes between EVLP-assessed and standard donor lungs.
Setting:
Multicentre study involving all five UK officially designated NHS adult lung transplant centres.
Participants:
Patients aged ā„ā18 years with advanced lung disease accepted onto the lung transplant waiting list.
Intervention:
The study intervention was EVLP assessment of donor lungs before determining suitability for transplantation.
Main outcome measures:
The primary outcome measure was survival during the first 12 months following lung transplantation. Secondary outcome measures were patient-centred outcomes that are influenced by the effectiveness of lung transplantation and that contribute to the health-care costs.
Results:
Lungs from 53 donors unsuitable for standard transplant were assessed with EVLP, of which 18 (34%) were subsequently transplanted. A total of 184 participants received standard donor lungs. Owing to the early closure of the study, a non-inferiority analysis was not conducted. The KaplanāMeier estimate of survival at 12 months was 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40 to 0.83] for the EVLP arm and 0.80 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.85) for the standard arm. The hazard ratio for overall 12-month survival in the EVLP arm relative to the standard arm was 1.96 (95% CI 0.83 to 4.67). Patients in the EVLP arm required ventilation for a longer period and stayed longer in an intensive therapy unit (ITU) than patients in the standard arm, but duration of overall hospital stay was similar in both groups. There was a higher rate of very early grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in the EVLP arm, but rates of PGD did not differ between groups after 72 hours. The requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was higher in the EVLP arm (7/18, 38.8%) than in the standard arm (6/184, 3.2%). There were no major differences in rates of chest radiograph abnormalities, infection, lung function or rejection by 12 months. The cost of EVLP transplants is approximately Ā£35,000 higher than the cost of standard transplants, as a result of the cost of the EVLP procedure, and the increased ECMO use and ITU stay. Predictors of cost were quality of life on joining the waiting list, type of transplant and number of lungs transplanted. An exploratory model comparing a NHS lung transplant service that includes EVLP and standard lung transplants with one including only standard lung transplants resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Ā£73,000. Interviews showed that patients had a good understanding of the need for, and the processes of, EVLP. If EVLP can increase the number of usable donor lungs and reduce waiting, it is likely to be acceptable to those waiting for lung transplantation. Study limitations include small numbers in the EVLP arm, limiting analysis to descriptive statistics and the EVLP protocol change during the study.
Conclusions:
Overall, one-third of donor lungs subjected to EVLP were deemed suitable for transplant. Estimated survival over 12 months was lower than in the standard group, but the data were also consistent with no difference in survival between groups. Patients receiving these additional transplants experience a higher rate of early graft injury and need for unplanned ECMO support, at increased cost. The small number of participants in the EVLP arm because of early study termination limits the robustness of these conclusions. The reason for the increased PGD rates, high ECMO requirement and possible differences in lung injury between EVLP protocols needs evaluation
Preoperative Plasma Club (Clara) Cell Secretory Protein Levels Are Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation
Inherent recipient factors, including pretransplant diagnosis, obesity and elevated pulmonary pressures, are established primary graft dysfunction (PGD) risks. We evaluated the relationship between preoperative lung injury biomarkers and PGD to gain further mechanistic insight in recipients. We performed a prospective cohort study of recipients in the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group enrolled between 2002 and 2010. Our primary outcome was Grade 3 PGD on Day 2 or 3. We measured preoperative plasma levels of five biomarkers (CCā16, sRAGE, ICAMā1, ILā8 and Protein C) that were previously associated with PGD when measured at the postoperative time point. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Of 714 subjects, 130 (18%) developed PGD. Median CCā16 levels were elevated in subjects with PGD (10.1 vs. 6.0, pā<ā0.001). CCā16 was associated with PGD in nonidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (nonāIPF) subjects (OR for highest quartile of CCā16: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.37, 6.00, pā=ā0.005) but not in subjects with IPF (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 0.43, 4.45, pā=ā0.59). After adjustment, preoperative CCā16 levels remained associated with PGD (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.26, 7.30, pā=ā0.013) in nonāIPF subjects. Our study suggests the importance of preexisting airway epithelial injury in PGD. Markers of airway epithelial injury may be helpful in pretransplant risk stratification in specific recipients. The authors demonstrate a relationship between perioperative CCā16 blood levels and an increased risk of primary lung allograft dysfunction, particularly in those without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a pretransplant diagnosis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102697/1/ajt12541.pd
Objective Estimates Improve Risk Stratification for Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112244/1/ajt13262.pd
- ā¦