Propuesta metodológica para el control y monitoreo de un proceso de inyección de agua

Oil recovery through water injection process is the method that has contributed to the recovery of world oil, however, the changing characteristics in reservoir causing an ineffi cient oil sweep and a high operating cost.The paper presents a refl ection of methods of control and monitoring implemented in water injection processes which allow effi cient scanning and increase the percentage of oil recovered. Based on this research it develops a methodology that describes a control system using selective strings with flow control valves driven from surface (intelligent completions) and a monitoring system using a diagnostic method called Hall Revised Method which together seeks maximum economic recovery of the deposit.La recuperación de hidrocarburos a través del proceso de inyección de agua es el método que más ha contribuido a la recuperación de petróleo a nivel mundial, sin embargo, las características cambiantes en yacimiento ocasionan un barrido inefi ciente de petróleo y un alto costo operacional. El trabajo presenta una reflexión de los métodos de control y monitoreo implementados en los procesos de inyección de agua los cuales permiten realizar un barrido eficiente e incrementar los porcentajes de petróleo recuperado. Basándose en esta investigación se desarrolla una propuesta metodológica que describe un sistema de control empleando sartas selectivas con válvulas de control de fl ujo accionadas desde superficie (terminaciones inteligentes) y un sistema de supervision empleando un método de diagnóstico llamado Método de Hall Revisado que en conjunto busca la máxima recuperación económica del yacimiento

Ictus en paciente joven con foramen oval permeable: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El abordaje diagnóstico del paciente joven conictus es complejo dadas las numerosas causasque podrían estar involucradas, en la mayoríade series se describen etiologías poco habituales ubicándoselas cardioembólicas entre las más frecuentes. En losúltimos años se ha enfatizado el papel de las enfermedadesdel septo auricular, sobre todo el foramen oval permeable,en la isquemia cerebral en el paciente joven. Sereporta el caso de un paciente de 33 años con signos defocalidad neurológica súbita cuyo único origen etiológicoevidenciado fue a nivel cardiaco

Evaluación serológica y clínico patológica a través de las pruebas de IGDA y ELISA en carneros inoculados experimentalmente con Brucella ovis

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los hallazgos patológicos y su relación con los resultados clínicos y serológicos en carneros infectados experimentalmente (IE) con Brucella ovis. Se utilizaron 18 carneros de 1 a 4 años y libres de B. ovis; que se distribuyeron en tres grupos: Grupo 1 (n= 6): inoculación en mucosas (B. ovis); Grupo 2 (n= 6), inoculación vía intravenosa y Grupo 3 (n= 6) Control. Se llevó a cabo el seguimiento de un carnero-1 grupo-1 durante 189 días (d) post-IE. Se obtuvieron muestras de 2 mL de suero sanguíneo y semen entre los días 0 y 189 post-IE para realizar pruebas serológicas de Inmunodifusión en Gel de Agar (IGDA) y ELISA. El semen se procesó por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa PCR. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante modelos categóricos y mediciones repetidas. ELISA mostró mayor sensibilidad (P<0,05) para la detección de carneros seropositivos (CS) a partir del d 3 post-IE, a los 21 d post-IE, alcanzó su máxima detección de CS (100%) en ambos grupos IE (P<0,05). En el d 56 post-IE, la tasa de CS comenzó a descender (P<0,05). En 83% de los CS no se logró el aislamiento de B. ovis por cultivo bacteriano ni PCR. Se presentaron lesiones induradas: 50% en testículo derecho y 33,3% en testículo izquierdo, en carneros con IE vía endovenosa. En este grupo, el 16,6% de CS presentaron adherencias y granulomas en cabeza, cuerpo y cola del epidídimo derecho. La utilización de la prueba de IGDA, la cual es la establecida por la Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-041-ZOO-1995) imposibilitaría la detección temprana de animales seropositivos lo que restaría eficacia a los programas de control de la enfermedad

Modelo de innovación para el uso y apropiación de las TIC en instituciones preescolares de zonas rurales

Esta cartilla se propone como orientación a las instituciones educativas que desean fortalecer, con la mediación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, las experiencias pedagógicas que se ofrecen a los niños y a las niñas de preescolar, para potenciar su desarrollo integral.Esta cartilla contiene las orientaciones básicas de un programa de formación en el marco del proyecto “Modelo de Innovación Educativa para el Uso y Apropiación de las TIC en Instituciones de Educación Pre-escolar de Zonas Rurales (INRUL-TIC)”, financiado por MinEducación y Minciencias

Alternativas de desarrollo agropecuario con proyección sostenible para el distrito de riego del Zulia y su zona de influencia

La asociación de usuarios del Distrito de Adecuación de Tierras de Gran Escala del Río Zulia (ASOZULIA) Norte de Santander, con un área de influencia de 45.536 hectáreas, está interesada en la planificación productiva de su territorio. Dentro de sus actividades agropecuarias se encuentran el arroz (12.000 a 17.000 ha), la palma de aceite (1.534 ha), cítricos (limón, naranja; 346 ha), caña de azúcar (100 ha) y la ganadería. Su principal sistema de producción durante más de 50 años es el cultivo de arroz, sistema que presenta reducción de la productividad (7 a 3 tha), degradación del suelo y problemas de plagas y enfermedades, debido entre otros al uso continuo del fangueo como sistema de preparación de suelos. Adicionalmente, a pesar de tener el distrito de riego del río Zulia una concesión de 13,5 m3.s1, en épocas de verano la oferta hidrica es mucho menor como, por ejemplo, la correspondiente a los meses de febrero a marzo de 2016, con un caudal en la bocatoma del distrito de 10,8 m3s'y una captación real del distrito de solo 6 m.s' Asimismo, la construcción del nuevo acueducto para el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Cúcuta tomará 2,95 m3s del caudal antes de la bocatoma que provee agua al distrito, lo que disminuirá aún más la disponibilidad de agua para riego en esa región. Por lo anterior, se requiere la recuperación de los suelos para el establecimiento de nuevos sistemas productivos que demanden un menor consumo de agua y sean una alternativa viable para los productores.Acelga-Remolacha de hoja, Beta vulgaris var. Cicl

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza