Reporte de caso: quemadura de la vía aérea

ResumenLa quemadura de la vía aérea, consecuencia de encender un tubo endotraqueal con electrocauterio, presenta escasa incidencia, pero puede provocar lesiones graves o incluso la muerte. Se presenta un caso de un incendio causado por rotura del tubo endotraqueal secundario a contacto con electrocauterio durante una resección de tumor facial. En este caso las causas primarias de fuego fueron el oxígeno a FiO2 no mínima empleado para la ventilación, y la electrocauterización de alta potencia utilizada para la resección y el control de la hemorragia. En este reporte se nombran los métodos de prevención de un incendio de las vías respiratorias y el tratamiento de urgencia cuando se produce. A pesar de su baja incidencia, anestesiólogos y cirujanos deben tener un tratamiento de urgencia de incendios de vía aérea en mente y estar al tanto de los métodos de prevención.AbstractAlthough the incidence of airway burns that occur when the endotracheal tube is ignited by the electrocautery is low, it is right to assume that the resulting injuries may be severe and even fatal. A case is presented of fire caused by the rupture of an endotracheal tube secondary to contact with the electrocautery during the resection of a facial tumor. In this case, the primary sources of fire were oxygen at a non-minimal FiO2 used for ventilation, and the high-powered electrocautery used for resection and bleeding control. This report will cover the methods for preventing airway fires and the emergency treatment should they happen. Despite the low incidence, both anesthesiologists as well as surgeons must have in mind an emergency treatment of airway fires and must have knowledge of preventive methods

Diseño y Simulación Mecánica de un Actuador Hidráulico Rotativo Sumergible Para Aplicación en Hidroterapia/Design and Mechanical Simulation of a Submersible Rotary Hydraulic Actuator for Hydrotherapy Application

El presente trabajo demuestra el proceso en la investigación inicial para el desarrollo de un actuador giratorio hidráulico para fines terapéuticos. El dispositivo se basa en la necesidad de un aparato motor aplicable a la rehabilitación de lesiones de rodilla, con la capacidad de ser usado en la hidroterapia, para lo cual se realiza una revisión bibliográfica y se define el comportamiento del actuador en función a los fenómenos de presión y flujo, definiendo así las funciones para el par y la velocidad del actuador. En una primera etapa, se presenta un modelo simplificado del actuador, para luego simular el comportamiento mecánico de los componentes con la ayuda de un software de análisis de elementos finitos. Concluyendo con la validación de los elementos principales del actuador, llamados eje y aleta, sometidos a los parámetros delimitados para la aplicación, dejando la base de un modelo del mecanismo útil para el cálculo de la dinámica del sistema como siguiente paso de la investigación. The present work demonstrates the process in the research and development of a hydraulic rotary actuator for therapeutic purposes. The device is based on the need for a motor apparatus applicable to the rehabilitation of knee injuries, with the ability to be used in hydrotherapy, for which a literature review is performed and the behavior of the actuator is defined depending on the pressure and flow phenomena, thus defining the functions for the torque and speed of the actuator. In the first stage, a simplified model of the actuator is presented, to proceed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the components with the help of finite element analysis software. Concluding with the validation of the main elements of the actuator, called axis and fin, subject to the parameters defined for the application, leaving the basis of a model of the mechanism useful for calculating the dynamics of the system as the next step of the investigation. Palabras claves: Actuador rotatorio, Simulación, Diseño, Mecánica hidráulica. Keywords: Rotary actuator, Simulation, Design, Hydraulic Mechanics

Computational Models for Creating Homogeneous Magnetic Field Generation Systems

Cada vez es más común el uso de campos magnéticos a nivel celular para evaluar su interacción con los tejidos biológicos. La estimulación se hace generalmente con bobinas Helmholtz que generan un campo magnético uniforme en el centro del sistema. Sin embargo, evaluar el comportamiento celular con diferentes características del campo magnético puede ser un proceso largo y costoso. Para esto, se pueden utilizar modelos computacionales para estimar previamente el comportamiento celular debido a la variedad de características de campo antes de la estimulación in vitro en un laboratorio. En este artículo se presenta una metodología para el desarrollo de tres modelos computacionales de sistemas de generación de campos magnéticos homogéneos para su posible aplicación en la estimulación de células. Los modelos fueron desarrollados en el entorno de ANSYS Workbench y se evaluó el comportamiento de la densidad de campo magnético en diferentes configuraciones. Los resultados fueron validados con los cálculos teóricos a partir de la ley de Biot-Savart. Los modelos validados serán acoplados al ambiente Ansys APDL con el fin de evaluar la respuesta del sistema en estado armónico.It is increasingly common to use magnetic fields at the cellular level to assess their interaction with biological tissues. The stimulation is usually done with Helmholtz coils which generate a uniform magnetic field in the center of the system. However, assessing cellular behavior with different magnetic field characteristics can be a long and expensive process. For this, it can be used computational models to previously estimate the cellular behavior due to variety of field characteristics prior to in-vitro stimulation in a laboratory. In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of three computational models of homogeneous magnetic field generation systems for possible application in cell stimulation. The models were developed in the Ansys Workbench environment and it was evaluated the magnetic flux density behavior at different configurations. The results were validated with theoretical calculations from the Biot-Savart law. Validated models will be coupled to Ansys APDL environment in order to assess the harmonic response of the system

Coincidence measurement of residues and light particles in the reaction 56Fe+p at 1 GeV per nucleon with SPALADIN

The spallation of $^{56}$Fe in collisions with hydrogen at 1 A GeV has been studied in inverse kinematics with the large-aperture setup SPALADIN at GSI. Coincidences of residues with low-center-of-mass kinetic energy light particles and fragments have been measured allowing the decomposition of the total reaction cross-section into the different possible de-excitation channels. Detailed information on the evolution of these de-excitation channels with excitation energy has also been obtained. The comparison of the data with predictions of several de-excitation models coupled to the INCL4 intra-nuclear cascade model shows that only GEMINI can reasonably account for the bulk of collected results, indicating that in a light system with no compression and little angular momentum, multifragmentation might not be necessary to explain the data.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, revised version accepted in Phys. Rev. Let

What does a change in the quark condensate say about restoration of chiral symmetry in matter?

The contribution of nucleons to the quark condensate in nuclear matter includes a piece of first order in $m_\pi$, arising from the contribution of low-momentum virtual pions to the $\pi N$ sigma commutator. Chiral symmetry requires that no term of this order appears in the $NN$ interaction. The mass of a nucleon in matter thus cannot depend in any simple way on the quark condensate alone. More generally, pieces of the quark condensate that arise from low-momentum pions should not be associated with partial restoration of chiral symmetry.Comment: 9 pages (RevTeX). Definition of effective mass changed; numerical value of leading nonanalytic term corrected, along with various misprint

Analyzing Explosive Volcanic Deposits From Satellite‐Based Radar Backscatter, Volcán de Fuego, 2018

Satellite radar backscatter has the potential to provide useful information about the progression of volcanic eruptions when optical, ground-based, or radar phase-based measurements are limited. However, backscatter changes are complex and challenging to interpret: explosive deposits produce different signals depending on pre-existing ground cover, radar parameters and eruption characteristics. We use high temporal- and spatial-resolution backscatter imagery to examine the emplacement and alteration of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), lahar and ash deposits from the June 2018 eruption of Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, using observatory reports and rainfall gauge data to ground truth our observations. We use a temporally dense time series of backscatter data to reduce noise and extract deposit areas. We observe backscatter changes in six drainages, the largest deposit was 11.9-km-long that altered an area of 6.3 urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb55183:jgrb55183-math-0001 and had a thickness of 10.5 urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb55183:jgrb55183-math-00022 m in the lower sections as estimated from radar shadows. The 3 June eruption also produced backscatter signal over an area of 40 urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb55183:jgrb55183-math-0003, consistent with reported ashfall. We use transient patterns in backscatter time series to identify nine periods of high lahar activity in a single drainage system between June and October 2018. We find that the characterisation of subtle backscatter signals associated with explosive eruptions are best observed with (1) radiometric terrain calibration, (2) speckle correction, and (3) consideration of pre-existing scattering properties. Our observations demonstrate that SAR backscatter can capture the emplacement and subsequent alteration of a range of explosive deposits, allowing the progression of an explosive eruption to be monitored

Caracterización y cuantificación de los productos de oxidación del colesterol de la grasa intramuscular del lomo de cerdo (fresco y adobado) con diferentes irradiaciones y empaquetados durante el almacenamiento

A study of the effect of E-beam (1 and 2 kGy) on the cholesterol oxidation product (COP) composition of fresh and marinated pork loin stored at 4 and 8 °C under different atmospheres (air, vacuum and carbon dioxide enriched ) has been carried out for the first time. The combined statistical treatment of the distinct variables showed that minor differences were found in some cholesterol oxidation products of fresh loin due to storage temperature, packaging method and storage time. No effect of irradiation (up to 2 KGy) on the COP amount was found, concluding that E-beam can be a useful tool to extend the shelf-life of fresh and marinated loin without changes in the COP fraction.Se ha realizado un estudio sobre el efecto de la radiación de electrones (E-beam) (1 y 2 kGy) sobre los compuestos de oxidación del colesterol (COPs) del lomo de cerdo almacenado a 4 y 8 °C bajo diferentes atmósferas (aire, vacío y dióxido de carbono). Este tipo de estudio ha sido llevado a cabo por primera vez en este tipo de muestras. El tratamiento estadístico combinado de distintas variables muestra que se producen cambios menores en algunos COPs en el lomo fresco debido a la temperatura de almacenamiento al método de empaquetado y al tiempo de almacenamiento. No hubo efecto de la dosis de radiación (hasta 2 KGy) en los COPs, por lo que la radiación E-beam puede ser una herramienta útil para prolongar la vida útil del lomo fresco y adobado sin producir cambios en la composición de los COPs

Results from a Prototype Proton-CT Head Scanner

We are exploring low-dose proton radiography and computed tomography (pCT) as techniques to improve the accuracy of proton treatment planning and to provide artifact-free images for verification and adaptive therapy at the time of treatment. Here we report on comprehensive beam test results with our prototype pCT head scanner. The detector system and data acquisition attain a sustained rate of more than a million protons individually measured per second, allowing a full CT scan to be completed in six minutes or less of beam time. In order to assess the performance of the scanner for proton radiography as well as computed tomography, we have performed numerous scans of phantoms at the Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton Center including a custom phantom designed to assess the spatial resolution, a phantom to assess the measurement of relative stopping power, and a dosimetry phantom. Some images, performance, and dosimetry results from those phantom scans are presented together with a description of the instrument, the data acquisition system, and the calibration methods.Comment: Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry, CAARI 2016, 30 October to 4 November 2016, Ft. Worth, TX, US