Hematologic effects of cryogenine and certain selected anti-inflammatory agents

Inflammation appears to be an attempt by the organism to re-establish homeostasis as a response to local reactive change in tissues following injury or irritation. This injury or irritation (whether caused by micro-organisms, toxins, antigens, etc.) first leads to an increased passage of fluid through the walls of the microvasculature, followed by stasis of circulation within the affected area. This, in turn, is followed by migration of leukocytes into the area and finally concluded by connective tissue proliferation leading to the deposition of granulation tissue. There are many experimental models employed for the evaluation of drugs with possible anti-inflammatory activity. Since many of these systems employ whole animals, it seems rational that various hematological parameters could be applied. Our purpose was to test such parameters in two selected systems (i.e., adjuvant-induced arthritis and cotton pellet granuloma formation) during drug evaluation. The parameters under investigation included: total white blood cell count, differential leukocyte count, sedimentation rate and serum protein patterns

The Imperatives of Physical Education in the Training of Artists in Nigeria

Despite the fact that physical education plays an important role in general education, it has not been given any consideration in the training of actors in Nigeria. Consequently, most actors lack the physical fitness required to accomplish acting roles on stage and screen in Nigeria. in this regards, the study identifies and presents physical education as an indispensable academic disciplines from which acting instructors, actors trainees, and theatre practitioners can adapt, modify, and apply physical education instructions and programmes to the training of performing artists in Nigeria. In the process, the study applied the experimental and control group research methods to monitor and record the effect of the exercise regimes on actors’ trainees over the study period. The result obtained show that the application of physical education programmes, instructions and activities to the training artists would guaranteed actor’s physique and physical fitness to withstand the physical demands of acting today, so as to improved their performances on stage and screen. The paper, therefore calls on the performing artists in the academics, the management of public and private theatres in Nigeria to articulate of reform policies that will enable them confidently apply physical education requirements in the development of actors over a stretch of time. Key words: Imperatives; Physical; Education; Training; ArtistRésumé: Malgré le fait que l'éducation physique joue un rôle important dans l'éducation générale, elle n'a pas été donnée aucune considération dans la formation des acteurs au Nigéria. En conséquence, la plupart des acteurs n'ont pas la forme physique nécessaires pour accomplir de rôles joués sur la scène et sur l'écran au Nigeria. A cet égard, l'étude identifie et présente l'éducation physique en tant que'une discipline académique indispensable à partir de laquelle les enseignants, les stagiaires et les praticiens du théâtre peuvent adapter, modifier et appliquer les instructions et les programmes de l'éducation physique pour la formation des artistes au Nigéria. Dans le processus, l'étude a appliqué les méthodes expérimentales et les méthodes de groupe de contrôle de recherches pour surveiller et enregistrer les effets de régimes des exercices sur les acteurs au cours de la période scolaire.Le résultat obtenu montre que l'application des programmes, des instructions et des activités de l'éducation physique pour les artistes pourrait assurer la forme physique des acteur, à fin de répondre aux exigences physiques d'aujourd'hui, de manière à améliorer leurs performances sur la scène et sur l'écran. Cet article invite donc les artistes dans les académies, la direction des théâtres publics et privés au Nigeria à articuler des politiques de réforme qui leur permettront d'appliquer des exigences de l'éducation physique dans le développement des acteurs pendant une certaine période.Mots-Clés: sexes dans les organisations arabes; organisations dans les Emirats arabes unis; praticiens de relations publiques; théorie de conflits interpersonnel

Conjugated linoleic acid modulation of risk factors associated with atherosclerosis

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been the subject of extensive investigation regarding its possible benefits on a variety of human diseases. In some animal studies, CLA has been shown to have a beneficial effect on sclerotic lesions associated with atherosclerosis, be a possible anti-carcinogen, increase feed efficiency, and act as a lean body mass supplement. However, the results have been inconsistent, and the effects of CLA on atherogenesis appear to be dose-, isomer-, tissue-, and species-specific. Similarly, CLA trials in humans have resulted in conflicting findings. Both the human and animal study results may be attributed to contrasting doses of CLA, isomers, the coexistence of other dietary fatty acids, length of study, and inter-and/or intra-species diversities. Recent research advances have suggested the importance of CLA isomers in modulating gene expression involved in oxidative damage, fatty acid metabolism, immune/inflammatory responses, and ultimately atherosclerosis. Although the possible mechanisms of action of CLA have been suggested, they have yet to be determined

Asymmetric Pass-through Effects of Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rates on Inflation in Nigeria: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Model

This paper employs the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the asymmetric nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin, et al (2014) to examine  the asymmetric effect of oil price and exchange rates pass-through on inflation in Nigeria over a period of 1970 to 2020. The result of the asymmetric test revealed the existence of asymmetries among the variables of the study, suggesting that there is a nonlinear interaction among the variables used in the study. This validates the choice of a non-linear ARDL model for the study. Results of the long-run estimates show that rising (Positive) oil price shocks have a greater impact on inflation than falling (negative) oil price shocks. Furthermore, it is evident from the result that the depreciation of the exchange rate has a much and significant effect on inflation than the appreciation of the exchange rate in Nigeria. However, a rising interest rate increases inflation by 0.84 per cent while a falling interest rate increases inflation by 0.85 per cent. This implies that the effect of negative interest rate on inflation is higher than its positive effect on inflation, though, by a smaller amount of about 0.01 per cent. Again, the short-run dynamic model revealed a high speed of convergence of more than 90% from the short-run disequilibrium. During the study period, the oil price fluctuations showed a significant and incomplete pass-through to both exchange rates and inflation in Nigeria. Moreover, the results suggest that positive oil price changes have a larger impact than the negative ones, that the effect of an oil price shock on inflation and exchange rates is larger in the long-run than in the short-run, and that there is incomplete pass-through effect of oil price on domestic inflation and exchange rates. Based on the findings, the study recommends policies that set oil prices and exchange rates within reasonable limits to check inflation in Nigeria and should diversify its economy as well as withdraw the current subsidy regime completely

Asymmetric Pass-through Effects of Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rates on Inflation in Nigeria: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Model

This paper employs the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the asymmetric nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin, et al (2014) to examine  the asymmetric effect of oil price and exchange rates pass-through on inflation in Nigeria over a period of 1970 to 2020. The result of the asymmetric test revealed the existence of asymmetries among the variables of the study, suggesting that there is a nonlinear interaction among the variables used in the study. This validates the choice of a non-linear ARDL model for the study. Results of the long-run estimates show that rising (Positive) oil price shocks have a greater impact on inflation than falling (negative) oil price shocks. Furthermore, it is evident from the result that the depreciation of the exchange rate has a much and significant effect on inflation than the appreciation of the exchange rate in Nigeria. However, a rising interest rate increases inflation by 0.84 per cent while a falling interest rate increases inflation by 0.85 per cent. This implies that the effect of negative interest rate on inflation is higher than its positive effect on inflation, though, by a smaller amount of about 0.01 per cent. Again, the short-run dynamic model revealed a high speed of convergence of more than 90% from the short-run disequilibrium. During the study period, the oil price fluctuations showed a significant and incomplete pass-through to both exchange rates and inflation in Nigeria. Moreover, the results suggest that positive oil price changes have a larger impact than the negative ones, that the effect of an oil price shock on inflation and exchange rates is larger in the long-run than in the short-run, and that there is incomplete pass-through effect of oil price on domestic inflation and exchange rates. Based on the findings, the study recommends policies that set oil prices and exchange rates within reasonable limits to check inflation in Nigeria and should diversify its economy as well as withdraw the current subsidy regime completely

Asymetric Pass-through Effects of Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rates on Inflation in Nigeria: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Model

By utilizing the non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin, et al (2014), we examined the asymmetric effect of oil price and exchange rates pass-through on inflation in Nigeria over a period of 1970 to 2020. Result of asymmetric test revealed the existence of asymmetries among the variables of the study, suggesting that there is a nonlinear interaction among the variables used in the study. This validates the choice of non-linear ARDL model for the study. Result of the long-run estimates show that rising (Positive) oil price shocks have a greater impact on inflation than falling (negative) oil price shock. Furthermore, ot is evident form the result that depreciation of exchange rate has much and significant effect on inflation than the appreciation of exchange rate in Nigeria. However, rising interest rate increases inflation by 0.84 per cent while falling interest rate increases inflation by 0.85 per cent. This implies that the effect of negative interest rate on inflation is higher than its positive effect on inflation, though, by a smaller amount of about 0.01 per cent. Again, the short-run dynamic model revealed a high speed of convergence of more than 90% from the short run disequilibrium. During the study period, the oil price fluctuations showed a significant and incomplete pass-through to both exchange rates and inflation in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends policies that set oil prices and exchange rate within reasonable limits in order to chack inflation in Nigeria

Asymetric Pass-through Effects of Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rates on Inflation in Nigeria: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Model

By utilizing the non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin, et al (2014), we examined the asymmetric effect of oil price and exchange rates pass-through on inflation in Nigeria over a period of 1970 to 2020. Result of asymmetric test revealed the existence of asymmetries among the variables of the study, suggesting that there is a nonlinear interaction among the variables used in the study. This validates the choice of non-linear ARDL model for the study. Result of the long-run estimates show that rising (Positive) oil price shocks have a greater impact on inflation than falling (negative) oil price shock. Furthermore, ot is evident form the result that depreciation of exchange rate has much and significant effect on inflation than the appreciation of exchange rate in Nigeria. However, rising interest rate increases inflation by 0.84 per cent while falling interest rate increases inflation by 0.85 per cent. This implies that the effect of negative interest rate on inflation is higher than its positive effect on inflation, though, by a smaller amount of about 0.01 per cent. Again, the short-run dynamic model revealed a high speed of convergence of more than 90% from the short run disequilibrium. During the study period, the oil price fluctuations showed a significant and incomplete pass-through to both exchange rates and inflation in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends policies that set oil prices and exchange rate within reasonable limits in order to chack inflation in Nigeria

Latent acetylcholinesterase in secretory vesicles isolated from adrenal medulla

A new procedure is described for the preparation of highly purified and stable secretory vesicles from adrenal medulla. Two forms of acetylcholinesterase, a membrane bound form as well as a soluble form, were found within these vesicles. The secretory vesicles, isolated by differential centrifugation, were further purified on a continuous isotonic Percoll™ gradient. In this way, secretory vesicles were separated from mitochondrial, microsomal and cell membrane contamination. The secretory vesicles recovered from the gradient contained an average of 2.26 μmol adrenalin/mg protein. On incubation for 30 min at 37°C in media differing in ionic strength, pH, Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration, the vesicles released less than 20% of total adrenalin. Acetylcholinesterase could hardly be detected in the secretory vesicle fraction when assayed in isotonic media. However, in hypotonic media (<400 mosmol/kg) or in Triton X-100 (0.2% final concentration) acetylcholinesterase activity was markedly higher. During hypotonic treatment or when secretory vesicles were specifically lyzed with 2 mM Mg2+ and 2 mM ATP, adrenalin as well as part of acetylcholinesterase was released from the vesicular content. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis this soluble enzyme exhibited the same electrophoretic mobility as the enzyme released into the perfusate from adrenal glands upon stimulation. In addition to the soluble enzyme a membrane bound form of acetylcholinesterase exists within secretory vesicles, which sediments with the secretory vesicle membranes and exhibits a different electrophoretic mobility compared to the soluble enzyme. It is concluded, that the soluble enzyme found within isolated secretory vesicles is secreted via exocytosis, whilst the membrane-bound form is transported to the cell membrane during this process, contributing to the biogenesis of the cell membrane

Carotenoids and Antioxidant Nutrients following Burn Injury a

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72213/1/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26193.x.pd

Toxicity of tryptophan manganese(I) carbonyl (Trypto-CORM), against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The potential for carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) as antimicrobials represents an exciting prospective in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Trypto-CORM, a tryptophan-containing manganese(i) carbonyl, is toxic against E. coli following photo-activation. Here, we demonstrate that Trypto-CORM is toxic against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the absence of photoactivation. Trypto-CORM toxicity was reversed by the high CO affinity globin leg-haemoglobin (Leg-Hb), indicating that the toxicity is due to CO release. Release of CO from Trypto-CORM in the dark was also detected with Leg-Hb (but not myoglobin) in vitro. N. gonorrhoeae is more sensitive to CO-based toxicity than other model bacterial pathogens, and may serve as a viable candidate for antimicrobial therapy using CO-RMs