DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE

This paper presents a study investigating the use of digital technology - tablets and mobile phones by six pre-school children in Požega, Croatia and the way this technology facilitated the English language learning process through its content. The children involved were two boys and four girls aged between four to five. The paper’s introduction reflects on today’s widespread use of digital technology amongst the young learners. The study itself was conducted using two quantitative research methods – contextual interviews with the pre-school children and interviews with the children’s parents. The study findings indicated that the children preferred multimodal content such as cartoons and video games with colourful themes or characters, that prompt or ask questions, i.e. encourage participation. A strong preference for English speakers changing pitch and tone within the content was also indicated in the findings. The findings pointed to children’s preference towards music videos – nursery rhymes teaching letters, numbers or colours. Finally, gaming videos and tutorials were a common choice of content for all six children, where they were mostly exposed to visual and aural prompts. In conclusion, the children independently selected multimodal content: cartoons, videos games, tutorials, gaming videos and nursery rhymes which all shared visual, aural, linguistic and spatial modes of communication. The research provided a valuable insight into the type of digital content that pre-school children opt for in non-educational environment and how they acquire basic communication skills in English as a result

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Restoring Candidacy for Liver Transplant in Patients With Cirrhosis

Guidelines for preoperative workup for an orthotopic liver transplant often rule out patients with severe aortic stenosis as transplant candidates. This case illustrates the potential of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as a bridge for liver transplants in cirrhotic patients with severe aortic stenosis. The 1-year and 2-year post-liver transplant follow-ups showed no complications in the patient\u27s prosthetic aortic valves, and graft survival was 100% with no evidence of rejection. Notable post-transplant recovery involved medical complications that were not related to the liver function or surgical procedure

Kebiasaan Makanan Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys Multiradiatus Hancock, 1828) di Perairan Danau Sidenreng, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, Sulawesi Selatan

Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang termasuk dalam invasive species. Invasivespecies dapat menjadi kompetitor terhadap spesies asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan ikan sapu-sapu yang meliputi jumlah dan jenis makanan berdasarkan waktu pengamatan, jenis kelamin, dan ukuran panjang total tubuh. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yaitu dari bulan Maret hingga April 2019 di Danau Sidenreng, Kab. Sidenreng Rappang. Analisis terhadap ikan contoh dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Perikanan, Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Jumlah sampel ikan sapu-sapu sebanyak 204 ekor, yang terdiri atas 102 ekor ikan jantan dan 102 ekor ikan betina. Berdasarkan jumlah dan jenis makanan ikan sapu-sapu, baik berdasarkan waktu pengambilan sampel, jenis kelamin, dan ukuran ikan, makanan utama adalah Chlorophyceae, makanan pelengkap adalah Trebouxiophyceae, dan makanan tambahan adalah Bacillariophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cyanophyceae, dan Klebsormidophyceae. Berdasarkan nilai panjang relatif usus ikan sapu-sapu dikategorikan ikan herbivora.Kata kunci: ikan sapu-sapu, kebiasaan makanan, nilai IBT, RL

Causas, efectos y consecuencias que trae a las arcas del Estado la evasión del impuesto a la transferencia de bienes muebles y a la prestación de servicios en el sector comercio, departamento de Santa Ana, municipio de Santa Ana

Ante la realidad social y económica en la cual se encuentra inmerso el mundo y consecuentemente El Salvador, se necesitan de nuevas estrategias que vayan encaminadas a un eficiente, mejor control y recolección de ingresos para las arcas del Estado, además, que éstas resuelvan de manera eficaz y pronto los fines para los cuales han sido creados, también se pretende evitar evasión de impuestos. El Estado salvadoreño sabedor que no cuenta con los suficientes recursos económicos para afrontar los gastos e inversiones que realiza para satisfacer las necesidades de la población salvadoreña

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect of life. This has led to the development of several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and the side effects among Arab communities after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine and use of machine learning (ML) tools to predict post-vaccination side effects based on predisposing factors. Methods: An online-based multinational survey was carried out via social media platforms from June 14 to 31 August 2021, targeting individuals who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine from 22 Arab countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Moreover, extensive ML tools were utilized to predict 30 post vaccination adverse effects and their severity based on 15 predisposing factors. The importance of distinct predisposing factors in predicting particular side effects was determined using global feature importance employing gradient boost as AutoML. Results: A total of 10,064 participants from 19 Arab countries were included in this study. Around 56% were female and 59% were aged from 20 to 39 years old. A high rate of vaccine hesitancy (51%) was reported among participants. Almost 88% of the participants were vaccinated with one of three COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer BioNTech (52.8%), AstraZeneca (20.7%), and Sinopharm (14.2%). About 72% of participants experienced post-vaccination side effects. This study reports statistically significant associations (p < 0.01) between various predisposing factors and post-vaccinations side effects. In terms of predicting post-vaccination side effects, gradient boost, random forest, and XGBoost outperformed other ML methods. The most important predisposing factors for predicting certain side effects (i.e., tiredness, fever, headache, injection site pain and swelling, myalgia, and sleepiness and laziness) were revealed to be the number of doses, gender, type of vaccine, age, and hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: The reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination among Arab populations are usually non-life-threatening; flu-like symptoms and injection site pain. Certain predisposing factors have greater weight and importance as input data in predicting post-vaccination side effects. Based on the most significant input data, ML can also be used to predict these side effects; people with certain predicted side effects may require additional medical attention, or possibly hospitalization

Data synthesis of multiple on-farm trials to generate regional variety recommendations: the case of common bean in Central America

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a main food crop in Central America. Several improved varieties have been developed and released by different crop improvement programs in the region but many of these varieties are not used widely by farmers. One limitation is the lack of information about which are the best adapted varieties for each area within the region, even though on-farm testing of varieties is widely done by different organizations. Data synthesis of existing on-farm trial data can help to predict the suitability of varieties to areas within the region where trials were not conducted. Data synthesis is facilitated by a new participatory on-farm testing approach, triadic comparison of technologies (tricot). This approach involves the participation of farmers as citizen scientists at scale and ensures data are collected digitally, facilitating data synthesis. From 2015 to 2018, more than 2,000 tricot trial plots were established in Central America by different organizations, including agricultural research centers, universities, NGOs, and farmer’s associations. The trials tested landraces, experimental lines, and improved varieties created with both conventional and participatory breeding approaches. We applied an innovative data synthesis method to analyze the tricot trial data jointly, including seasonal climate and soil covariates to assess environmental adaptation. The results showed that the method was able to predict farmers’ overall appreciation of varieties in unsampled areas.Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a main food crop in Central America. Several improved varieties have been developed and released by different crop improvement programs in the region but many of these varieties are not used widely by farmers. One limitation is the lack of information about which are the best adapted varieties for each area within the region, even though on-farm testing of varieties is widely done by different organizations. Data synthesis of existing on-farm trial data can help to predict the suitability of varieties to areas within the region where trials were not conducted. Data synthesis is facilitated by a new participatory on-farm testing approach, triadic comparison of technologies (tricot). This approach involves the participation of farmers as citizen scientists at scale and ensures data are collected digitally, facilitating data synthesis. From 2015 to 2018, more than 2,000 tricot trial plots were established in Central America by different organizations, including agricultural research centers, universities, NGOs, and farmer’s associations. The trials tested landraces, experimental lines, and improved varieties created with both conventional and participatory breeding approaches. We applied an innovative data synthesis method to analyze the tricot trial data jointly, including seasonal climate and soil covariates to assess environmental adaptation. The results showed that the method was able to predict farmers’ overall appreciation of varieties in unsampled areas

School values through Research as a Pedagogical Strategy in basic education

Una formación basada en valores escolares, promueve la educación integral, potenciando habilidades del ser, sin embargo, desde la educación tradicional se han utilizado métodos ortodoxos que terminan siendo poco eficientes, encontrando en las estrategias pedagógicas fundadas en investigación un recurso innovador para generar cambios positivos en esta área. El estudio busco proponer la formación en valores escolares mediante estrategias pedagógicas fundadas en la investigación en educación básica. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo utilizando el modelo de Investigación por acción, la población estuvo conformada por setenta y cinco (75) estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Departamental Buenos Aires, del municipio de Aracataca. Es de vital importancia comenzar a generar conciencia sobre las conductas disruptivas entre los estudiantes como; agresiones verbales y físicas, intolerancia, falta de respeto a docentes y demás compañeros, agresiones que en muchas ocasiones traspasan el ámbito escolar y repercuten en la familia tanto del agresor como de la víctima, ocasionando conflictos familiares dentro de los implicados. Todas estas conductas de una u otra manera deterioran las relaciones interpersonales, el clima, la convivencia escolar y el aprendizaje de los estudiantesTraining based on school values, promotes comprehensive education, enhancing skills of being, however, since traditional education Orthodox methods that end up being inefficient, finding strategies have been used teaching based on research, an innovative resource to generate positive changes in this area. The study seeking to propose training in school values through pedagogical strategies based on the research in basic education. The study is qualitative research model by action, the population was composed of seventy-five (75) students of the institution Education Department Buenos Aires, in the municipality of Aracataca. Is vitally important to begin to generate awareness about the disruptive behaviour among students such as; verbal and physical attacks, intolerance, disrespect teachers and other colleagues, attacks that often cross the school environment and affect both the aggressor and the victim, family causing family conflicts within the involved. All these behaviors in any way impair interpersonal relationships, climate, school coexistence and student learnin

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely