Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre) concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review

[EN] This revision work focuses on the recent advances in the separation of microcontaminants from urban wastewaters, using ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration membranes. Conventional systems show advantages such as low pressure and fouling, competitive energetic- and maintenance costs compared to reverse osmosis, and higher rejection rates of organic microcontaminants compared to membrane distillation. However, these rejection rates strongly depend on temperature, flow, and pressure, as well as surface charge and concentration, challenging the adequate treatment of more complex matrices. Recent advances in material science strongly improved the implementation possibilities of different membrane types. In conventional industrial processes and especially in wastewater treatment, offering not only cost reducing solutions for urban wastewaters, but also more efficiency for the remediation of a high variety of industrial wastewaters. Moreover, membrane separation systems show great potential and applicability for added value substance recovery from wastewaters for the agricultural, chemical and consumer industry, for more sustainable natural resources use. Finally, perspectives on promising technologies for the implementation and combination of different membrane separation methods in treatment trains, such as advanced oxidation processes, are given, also aiming for zero-liquid discharge, to prevent microcontaminants and valuable resources from passing through conventional methods and focusing on closing the water cycle.This paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk¿odowska-Curie grant agreement No 765860. The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), AEI and FEDER for funding under the CalypSol Project (Reference: RTI2018-097997-B-C32 and RTI2018-097997-B-C31). Furthermore, Dennis Deemter would like to give his thanks to the personnel at the Plataforma Solar de Almería.Deemter, D.; Oller, I.; Amat Payá, AM.; Malato, S. (2022). Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre) concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 11:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2022.1002981111

childhood education and justice

Es imprescindible dar a conocer la justicia social desde los primeros años de vida, ya que en esta etapa es en la que se inculcan algunos valores morales que perdurarán a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo de los niños/as. Para contemplar la justicia social desde la etapa de la educación infantil tendremos que tener en cuenta una serie de factores para que este tipo de justicia educativa deje de convertirse en utopía y pase a ser parte de una realidad.It is essential to publicize the social justice since the early years of life, because at this stage is in some moral values that will last throughout the development process of children are inculcated. To contemplate the social Justice from the stage of early childhood education have to take into account a number of factors for this type of educational justice utopia become longer and becomes part of a reality

Distribution and organization of materials and spaces in the kindergarten classroom learning to optimize knowledge emphasizing skills and attitudes

En el diseño del currículo de Educación Infantil la metodología, concretamente la organización espacial y material resulta fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los niños y niñas, ya que éstos pueden favorecer (si se realiza de manera adecuada) o dificultar dicho proceso de adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes para el desarrollo personal del alumnado. Es por ello, por lo que éste artículo va dirigido a los docentes como guía, orientación y reflexión sobre éste aspecto en la planificación de su práctica docente en una aula de Educación Infantil, siguiendo las orientaciones marcadas en el marco legislativo actual.In designing the curriculum of Primary Education methodology, specifically the spatial organization and equipment it is essential in the process of learning of children, since they may favor (if done properly) or hinder the process of acquisition knowledge, skills and attitudes for personal development of students. That is why, so this article is intended as a guide for teachers, guidance and reflection on this aspect in planning their teaching in a kindergarten classroom, following the guidelines marked in the current legislative framework

EEM-PARAFAC as a convenient methodology to study fluorescent emerging pollutants degradation: (fluoro)quinolones oxidation in different water matrices

publishedVersio

Assessment of a Novel Photocatalytic TiO2-Zirconia Ultrafiltration Membrane and Combination with Solar Photo-Fenton Tertiary Treatment of Urban Wastewater

[EN] The objective of this study was to assess the combination of a photocatalytic TiO2-coated ZrO2 UF membrane with solar photo-Fenton treatment at circumneutral pH for the filtration and treatment of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties were tested with a UWWTP effluent under irradiation in a solar simulator. Then, both the permeates and retentates from the membrane process were treated using the solar photo-Fenton treatment. The UWWTP effluent was spiked with caffeine (CAF), imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THI), carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) at an initial concentration of 100 mu g/L each. Retention on the membrane of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa), a Gram-negative bacterial strain, was tested with and without irradiation. It was demonstrated that filtration of a certain volume of UWWTP effluent in the dark is possible, and the original conditions can then be recovered after illumination. The photocatalytic membrane significantly reduces the turbidity of the UWWTP effluent, significantly increasing the degradation efficiency of the subsequent solar photo-Fenton treatment. The results showed that the membrane allowed consistent retention of P. Aeruginosa at an order of magnitude of 1 x 10(3)-1 x 10(4) CFU/mL.This paper is part of a project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 765860. The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), AEI and FEDER for funding under the CalypSol Project (Ref: RTI2018-097997-B-C32 and RTI2018-097997-B-C31).Deemter, D.; Bortot Coelho, FE.; Oller, I.; Malato, S.; Amat Payá, AM. (2022). Assessment of a Novel Photocatalytic TiO2-Zirconia Ultrafiltration Membrane and Combination with Solar Photo-Fenton Tertiary Treatment of Urban Wastewater. Catalysts. 12(5):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal1205055211512

Sulfate radical anion: Laser flash photolysis study and application in water disinfection and decontamination

[EN] Sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-) reactivity against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (E. faecalis) bacteria and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) (Diclofenac-DCF, Sulfamethoxazole-SMX and Trimethoprim-TMP) was investigated through laser flash photolysis (LFP) technique. Analysis of the lifetime of SO4 center dot- in presence of cell-wall compounds of bacteria and CECs allowed determining reactivity of SO4 center dot- towards these compounds. Results showed that SO4 center dot- reacts with common cell-wall components through H-abstraction mechanism (kSO4 center dot ¿ 109 M-1s-1 were found using aromatic amino acids (AAA) only present in Porins of the gram-negative outer-membrane. The intermediates detected from the reaction of SO4 center dot- with the AAA confirmed the involvement of electron transfer processes. Moreover, kSO4 center dot ¿ values determined for DCF, TMP and SMX also agreed with an electron transfer mechanism. Interestingly, bacteria and CECs removal at pilot plant scale by UV-C/SO4 center dot- is in accordance with the kSO4 center dot ¿ obtained using the LFP: E. coli > E. faecalis and DCF > TMP approximately equal to SMX.This work is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 765860 (AQUAlity) . Authors also acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects PID2019-110441RB-C32 and PID2019-110441RB-C33) . PhD Scholarship from CONACYT for J. Flores-Garcia (709358) is acknowledged.Berruti, I.; Polo-López, MI.; Oller, I.; Flores, J.; Marín García, ML.; Bosca Mayans, F. (2022). Sulfate radical anion: Laser flash photolysis study and application in water disinfection and decontamination. Applied Catalysis B Environmental. 315:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.12151911231

Optimization of electrocatalytic H2O2 production at pilot plant scale for solar-assisted water treatment

This manuscript summarizes the successful start-up and operation of a hybrid eco-engineered water treatmentsystem, at pilot scale. The pilot unit, with 100L capacity, has been devised for the efficient electrocatalyticproduction of H2O2at an air-diffusion cathode, triggering the formation of%OH from Fenton's reaction withadded Fe2+catalyst. These radicals, in combination with those formed at a powerful boron-doped diamond(BDD) anode in an undivided cell, are used to degrade a mixture of model pesticides. The capability of the plantto produce H2O2on site was initially optimized using an experimental design based on central composite design(CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM). This aimed to evaluate the effect of key processparameters like current density (j) and solution pH. The influence of electrolyte concentration as well as liquidand air flow rates on H2O2electrogeneration and current efficiency at optimizedjand pH was also assessed. Thebest operation conditions resulted in H2O2mass production rate of 64.9mgmin−1, 89.3% of current efficiencyand 0.4kWh m-3of energy consumption at short electrolysis time. Performance tests at optimum conditions werecarried out with 75L of a mixture of pesticides (pyrimethanil and methomyl) as a first step towards the elim-ination of organic contaminants by solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) process. The combined action of homo-geneous (%OH) and heterogeneous (BDD(%OH)) catalysis along with photocatalysis (UV photons collected at asolar CPC photoreactor) allowed the removal of more than 50% of both pesticides in 5min, confirming the fastregeneration of Fe2+catalyst through cathodic reduction and photo-Fenton reaction

Monitoring photolysis and (solar photo)-Fenton of enrofloxacin by a methodology involving EEM-PARAFAC and bioassays: Role of pH and water matrix

[EN] The degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) by direct photolysis, Fenton and solar photo-Fenton processes has been studied in different water matrices, such as ultra-pure water (MQ), tap water (TW) and highly saline water (SW). Reactions have been conducted at initial pH 2.8 and 5.0. At pH = 2.8, HPLC analyses showed a fast removal of ENR by (solar photo)-Fenton treatments in all studied water matrices, whereas a 40% removal was observed after 120 min of photolysis. However, TOC measurements showed that only solar photo-Fenton was able to produce significant mineralization (80% after 120 min of treatment); differences between ENR removal and mineralization can be attributed to the release of important amounts of reaction by-products. Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were employed to gain further insight into the nature of these by-products and their time-course profile, obtaining a 5-component model. EEM-PARAFAC results indicated that photolysis is not able to produce important changes in the fluoroquinolone structure, in sharp contrast with (solar photo)-Fenton, where decrease of the components associated with fluoroquinolone core was observed. Agar diffusion tests employing E. toll and S. aureus showed that the antibiotic activity decreased in parallel with the destruction of the fluoroquinolone core.This paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions grant agreement No 765860. The paper reflects only the authors' view and the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.Sciscenko, I.; García-Ballesteros, S.; Sabater Marco, C.; Castillo López, M.; Escudero-Oñate, C.; Oller, I.; Arqués Sanz, A. (2020). Monitoring photolysis and (solar photo)-Fenton of enrofloxacin by a methodology involving EEM-PARAFAC and bioassays: Role of pH and water matrix. Science of The Total Environment. 719:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137331S1971