13 research outputs found
Global disparities in surgeonsâ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study
: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSSŸ v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI
Marketing-MP71-201901
DescripciĂłn: El curso de Marketing presenta al estudiante un panorama general del proceso y de la gestiĂłn de actividades destinadas a satisfacer las necesidades y deseos del mercado entregando valor a cambio de un beneficio para la empresa u organizaciĂłn.PropĂłsito:Marketing es un curso de especialidad de las carreras de Negocios EPE de carĂĄcter teĂłrico y estĂĄ dirigido a los estudiantes del 1er. Ciclo. El curso busca desarrollar las competencias generales de ComunicaciĂłn Oral y Pensamiento Innovador asĂ como la competencia especĂfica de GestiĂłn Comercial.A travĂ©s del curso de Marketing el estudiante compartirĂĄ experiencias profesionales descubrirĂĄ oportunidades de mejora y serĂĄ capaz de desarrollar un bosquejo de Plan de Marketing
QUBIC VII: The feedhorn-switch system of the technological demonstrator
We present the design, manufacturing and performance of the horn-switch system developed for the technological demonstrator of QUBIC (the Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology). This system consists of 64 back-to-back dual-band (150 GHz and 220 GHz) corrugated feed-horns interposed with mechanical switches used to select desired baselines during the instrument self-calibration. We manufactured the horns in aluminum platelets milled by photo-chemical etching and mechanically tightened with screws. The switches are based on steel blades that open and close the waveguide between the back-to-back horns and are operated by miniaturized electromagnets. The measured electromagnetic performance of the feedhorns agrees with simulations. In particular we obtained a return loss around -20 dB up to 230 GHz and beam patterns in agreement with single-mode simulations down to -30 dB. The switches for this prototype were designed and built for the 150 GHz band. In this frequency range we find return and insertion losses consistent with expectations (< -25 dB and âŒ-0.1 dB, respectively) and an isolation larger than 70 dB. In this paper we also show the current development status of the feedhorn-switch system for the QUBIC full instrument, based on an array of 400 horn-switch assemblies.Fil: Cavaliere, F.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Mennella, A.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Zannoni, M.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Battaglia, P.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Battistelli, E. S.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: De Bernardis, P.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Burke, D.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: D'Alessandro, G.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: De Petris, M.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Franceschet, C.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Grandsire, L.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Hamilton, J. C.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Maffei, Brenda Luciana. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Manzan, E.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Marnieros, S.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Masi, S.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: O'sullivan, Cinthia Virginia. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Passerini, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Pezzotta, F. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Piat, M.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Tartari, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Torchinsky, S. A.. Universite de Paris; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Observatoire de Paris; FranciaFil: ViganĂČ, D.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Voisin, F.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Ade, P.. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Alberro, JosĂ© Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de IngenierĂa. Uidet Grupo de Ensayos MecĂĄnicos Aplicados; ArgentinaFil: Almela, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Amico, G.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Arnaldi, Luis Horacio. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Gerencia del Ărea de EnergĂa Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Auguste, D.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Aumont, J.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Azzoni, S.. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Banfi, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: BaĂč, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: BĂ©lier, B.. Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies; FranciaFil: Bennett, D.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: BergĂ©, L.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Bernard, J. P.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Bersanelli, M.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Bigot Sazy, M. A.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Bonaparte, J.. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Bonis, J.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Bunn, E.. University of Richmond; Estados UnidosFil: Buzi, D.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Chanial, P.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Chapron, C.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Charlassier, R.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Cobos Cerutti, Agustin Cleto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Columbro, F.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Coppolecchia, A.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: De Gasperis, G.. Universita Tor Vergata; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: De Leo, M.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias AstronĂłmicas y GeofĂsicas; ArgentinaFil: Dheilly, S.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Duca, Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Dumoulin, L.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Etchegoyen, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Fasciszewski Zeballos, Alejandro Miguel. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyro, Luciano Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Fracchia, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa Lerena, MartĂn Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias AstronĂłmicas y GeofĂsicas; ArgentinaFil: Ganga, K. M.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Garcia, Beatriz Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: GarcĂa Redondo, Manuel ElĂas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Gaspard, M.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Gayer, D.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Gervasi, M.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Giard, M.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Gilles, V.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Giraud Heraud, Y.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Gomez Berisso, Mariano. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Gerencia del Ărea de EnergĂa Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: GonzĂĄlez, M.. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Gerencia del Ărea de EnergĂa Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Gradziel, M.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Hampel, Matias Rolf. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Harari, Diego Dario. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Gerencia del Ărea de EnergĂa Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Henrot VersillĂ©, S.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Incardona, F.. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Jules, E.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Kaplan, J.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Kristukat, Ralf Christian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamagna, L.. UniversitĂ di Roma; ItaliaFil: Loucatos, S.. Universite de Paris; Francia. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Louis, T.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Marty, W.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Mattei, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: May, A.. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn; Argentina. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: McCulloch, M.. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn; Argentina. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Mele, L.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Melo, Diego Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Montier, L.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Mousset, L.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Mundo, Luis Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de IngenierĂa. Uidet Grupo de Ensayos MecĂĄnicos Aplicados; ArgentinaFil: Murphy, J. A.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Murphy, J. D.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Nati, F.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Olivieri, Enrique Daniel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Oriol, C.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Paiella, A.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Pajot, F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Pastoriza, Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Gerencia del Ărea de EnergĂa Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Balseiro. Archivo HistĂłrico del Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Pelosi, A.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Perbost, C.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Perciballi, M.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Piacentini, F.. UniversitĂ di Roma; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Piccirillo, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn; Argentina. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Pisano, G.. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Platino, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Centre D'etudes de Saclay; FranciaFil: PrĂȘle, D.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Puddu, R.. Italian Space Agency; ItaliaFil: Rambaud, D.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Rasztocky, Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: Ringegni, P.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de IngenierĂa. Uidet Grupo de Ensayos MecĂĄnicos Aplicados; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: Salum, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Schillaci, A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. GobernaciĂłn. ComisiĂłn de Investigaciones CientĂficas. Instituto Argentino de RadioastronomĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de RadioastronomĂa; ArgentinaFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias AstronĂłmicas y GeofĂsicas; ArgentinaFil: Scully, S.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Spinelli, S. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Stankowiak, G.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Stolpovskiy, M.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Supanitsky, Alberto Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Thermeau, J. P.. Universite de Paris; FranciaFil: Timbie, P.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Tomasi, M. UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Tucker, C.. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Tucker, G.. Brown University; Estados UnidosFil: Vittorio, N.. Universita Tor Vergata; ItaliaFil: Wicek, F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Wright, MarĂa. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn; Argentina. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Centro AtĂłmico Constituyentes; ArgentinaFil: Zullo, Antonia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Itali
Lack of Association Between the Trp719Arg Polymorphism in Kinesin-Like Protein-6 and Coronary Artery Disease in 19 Case-Control Studies
To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldOBJECTIVES: We sought to replicate the association between the kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6) Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455), and clinical coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: Recent prospective studies suggest that carriers of the 719Arg allele in KIF6 are at increased risk of clinical CAD compared with noncarriers. METHODS: The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455) was genotyped in 19 case-control studies of nonfatal CAD either as part of a genome-wide association study or in a formal attempt to replicate the initial positive reports. RESULTS: A total of 17,000 cases and 39,369 controls of European descent as well as a modest number of South Asians, African Americans, Hispanics, East Asians, and admixed cases and controls were successfully genotyped. None of the 19 studies demonstrated an increased risk of CAD in carriers of the 719Arg allele compared with noncarriers. Regression analyses and fixed-effects meta-analyses ruled out with high degree of confidence an increase of â„2% in the risk of CAD among European 719Arg carriers. We also observed no increase in the risk of CAD among 719Arg carriers in the subset of Europeans with early-onset disease (younger than 50 years of age for men and younger than 60 years of age for women) compared with similarly aged controls as well as all non-European subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism was not associated with the risk of clinical CAD in this large replication study
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module
We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health careâassociated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396Â days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central lineâassociated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7â15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05â0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01â0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health