Le gobelet cylindrique étroit : un type inédit parmi les verres à boire roussillonnais d’époque moderne (XVI^e-XVII^e siècles)

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Agricultural Dynamics in Southwestern Mediterranean France from the End of the Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages

International audienceIn the northwestern Mediterranean, the rural world underwent major economic, social and cultural changes between the end of the Iron Age and the beginning of the Middle Ages, with a decisive impact on the evolution of agricultural production, practices and landscapes. Roman expansion first led to the spread of villae during the 2 nd and 1 st c. BC, leading to a new structuration of rural areas and the development of a speculative agriculture, which strongly favoured wine production. By the end of the Roman period, new changes are observed: while certain Roman villae are still occupied, the appearance of a new network of rural settlements reveals the emergence of a new form of rural economy. Although these changes are increasingly well documented by archaeology, their impact on the agrarian production and practices remains little explored. The multiplication of archaeobotanical investigations in southwestern Mediterranean France allows us to present a first review of farming practices and their evolution during this key period. The study of 30 rural sites provides new data concerning local agriculture between the 2 nd c. BC and the 8 th c. AD (cultivated plants, prevalence of certain species, associated farming practices, exploited landscapes) and attempts to detect potential specificities / evolutions over time such as changes in staple crops, diversification, exploitation of new "terroirs"

Association between ventricular pacing and persistent atrial fibrillation in patients indicated to elective pacemaker replacement: Results of the Prefer for Elective Replacement MVP (PreFER MVP) randomized study

Background Pacing in the right ventricle can cause a variety of detrimental effects, including atrial tachyarrhythmias (atrial tachycardia [AT]/atrial fibrillation [AF]). Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of persistent AT/AF in patients with long-term exposure to ventricular pacing. Methods In a multicenter international trial, 605 patients (age 75 ± 11 years, 240 women) referred for replacement of an implanted pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), with a history of high-percentage (>40%) ventricular pacing, were randomly allocated to standard dual-chamber pacing or managed ventricular pacing (MVP), a pacing modality that minimizes ventricular pacing. The main end-point of this secondary analysis of the PreFER MVP randomized study was persistent AT/AF, defined as ≥7 consecutive days with AT/AF or AT/AF interrupted by atrial cardioversion or AT/AF present during 2 consecutive follow-up visits. Results Persistent AT/AF was observed in 71 patients (11.7%) after 2 years of follow-up. At multivariable Cox regression analysis, prior AT/AF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-6.22, P =.017) and ventricular pacing percentage, estimated in the first 3 months, ≥10% (HR 3.24, 95% 95% CI 1.13-9.31, P =.029) were independent predictors for persistent AT/AF. MVP was associated with persistent AT/AF risk (HR 3.41, 95% 95% CI 1.10-10.6, P =.024) in the subgroup of patients with baseline long PR interval (PR >230 ms) but not in the whole population. Conclusion In pacemaker and ICD replacement patients, a high percentage of ventricular pacing is associated with higher risk of persistent AT/AF. Use of algorithms that minimize right ventricular pacing may benefit patients with normal spontaneous AV conduction but should be evaluated with caution in patients with long PR interva

Managed ventricular pacing compared with conventional dual-chamber pacing for elective replacement in chronically paced patients: results of the Prefer for Elective Replacement Managed Ventricular Pacing randomized study

Background Several studies have shown that unnecessary right ventricular pacing has detrimental effects. Objective To evaluate whether minimization of ventricular pacing as compared with standard dual-chamber pacing (DDD) improves clinical outcomes in patients referred for pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) replacement. Methods In an international single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we compared DDD with managed ventricular pacing (MVP), a pacing mode developed to minimize ventricular pacing by promoting intrinsic atrioventricular conduction. We included patients referred for device replacement with >40% ventricular pacing, no cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrade indication, no permanent atrial fibrillation (AF), and no permanent complete atrioventricular block. Follow-up was for 2 years. The primary end point was cardiovascular hospitalization. The intention-to-treat analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Results We randomized 605 patients (556 referred for pacemaker and 49 referred for ICD replacement; mean age 75 ± 11 years; 365 [60%] men, at 7.7 ± 3.3 years from first device implantation) to MVP (n = 299) or DDD (n = 306). We found no significant differences in the primary end point cardiovascular hospitalization (MVP: 16.3% vs DDD: 14.5%; P =.72) and the secondary end point persistent AF (MVP: 15.4% vs DDD: 11.2%; P =.08), permanent AF (MVP: 4.1% vs DDD: 3.1%; P =.44), and composite of death and cardiovascular hospitalization (MVP: 23.9% vs DDD: 20.2%; P =.48). MVP reduced right ventricular pacing (median 5% vs 86%; Wilcoxon, P 40% ventricular pacing in the ventricle, a strategy to minimize ventricular pacing is not superior to standard DDD in reducing incidence of cardiovascular hospitalization

Les établissements de hauteur fortifiés en France (XXII^e s. av. J.-C.-I^er s. ap. J.-C.) : esquisse d’un état de l’art

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Les établissements de hauteur fortifiés en France (XXII^e s. av. J.-C.-I^er s. ap. J.-C.) : esquisse d’un état de l’art

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Les établissements de hauteur défendus protohistoriques en France (XXIIe-Ier siècles av. J.-C.)

International audienceA review of current knowledge is proposed based on updated data for 1330 fortified sites on high ground. These, for the most part, have been explored on too limited an area to understand their precise nature and status. Generally, they are located on spurs and cover a very small area, particularly in the Southeast. Only a quarter of them exceed 7 ha. The size of the fortifications is also an essential criteria, but it was only possible to address it from one clue – the length: the range of disparities are very wide there also; but, we note that this length doubles on average at the end of the Iron Age. The materials of the ramparts reveal trends: earth dominates in the northwest half, stone in the southeast half; wooden frames are scattered, but rarer near the Mediterranean. At the French national as well as at the regional level, the chronological curves of the occupations are very comparable and punctuated by three peaks, of increasing magnitude, at the end of the Bronze Age, the Early and the Late Iron Age. These evolutionary similarities underscore the importance of causalities on a supraregional and intercultural scale. However, there is no consensus on the interpretation of the defended sites’ development during Protohistory.Un bilan des connaissances est proposé à partir de données actualisées pour 1330 établissements de hauteur défendus. Ces derniers, dans leur grande majorité, ont été explorés sur une surface trop limitée pour en saisir la nature précise et le statut. Généralement, ils sont implantés sur des éperons et couvrent une surface très réduite, particulièrement dans le Sud-Est. Un quart d’entre eux seulement dépasse les 7 ha. La taille des fortifications est aussi un critère essentiel, mais il n’a été possible de l’aborder qu’à partir d’un indice, la longueur : les disparités sont très fortes là aussi, mais on note que cette longueur double en moyenne avec la fin de l’âge du Fer. Les matériaux des remparts révèlent des tendances : la terre domine dans la moitié nord-ouest, la pierre dans la moitié sud-est ; les armatures de bois sont dispersées, mais plus rares près de la Méditerranée. Au niveau national comme régional, les courbes chronologiques des occupations sont très comparables et scandées par trois pics, d’ampleur croissante, à la fin de l’âge du Bronze, du Premier et du second âge du Fer. Ces similitudes évolutives soulignent l’importance des causalités d’échelle suprarégionale et interculturelle. Pour autant, l’interprétation des évolutions des sites défendus durant la Protohistoire ne fait pas consensus

Les établissements de hauteur défendus protohistoriques en France (XXII^e-I^er siècles av. J.-C.)

International audienceA review of current knowledge is proposed based on updated data for 1330 fortified sites on high ground. These, for the most part, have been explored on too limited an area to understand their precise nature and status. Generally, they are located on spurs and cover a very small area, particularly in the Southeast. Only a quarter of them exceed 7 ha. The size of the fortifications is also an essential criteria, but it was only possible to address it from one clue – the length: the range of disparities are very wide there also; but, we note that this length doubles on average at the end of the Iron Age. The materials of the ramparts reveal trends: earth dominates in the northwest half, stone in the southeast half; wooden frames are scattered, but rarer near the Mediterranean. At the French national as well as at the regional level, the chronological curves of the occupations are very comparable and punctuated by three peaks, of increasing magnitude, at the end of the Bronze Age, the Early and the Late Iron Age. These evolutionary similarities underscore the importance of causalities on a supraregional and intercultural scale. However, there is no consensus on the interpretation of the defended sites’ development during Protohistory.Un bilan des connaissances est proposé à partir de données actualisées pour 1330 établissements de hauteur défendus. Ces derniers, dans leur grande majorité, ont été explorés sur une surface trop limitée pour en saisir la nature précise et le statut. Généralement, ils sont implantés sur des éperons et couvrent une surface très réduite, particulièrement dans le Sud-Est. Un quart d’entre eux seulement dépasse les 7 ha. La taille des fortifications est aussi un critère essentiel, mais il n’a été possible de l’aborder qu’à partir d’un indice, la longueur : les disparités sont très fortes là aussi, mais on note que cette longueur double en moyenne avec la fin de l’âge du Fer. Les matériaux des remparts révèlent des tendances : la terre domine dans la moitié nord-ouest, la pierre dans la moitié sud-est ; les armatures de bois sont dispersées, mais plus rares près de la Méditerranée. Au niveau national comme régional, les courbes chronologiques des occupations sont très comparables et scandées par trois pics, d’ampleur croissante, à la fin de l’âge du Bronze, du Premier et du second âge du Fer. Ces similitudes évolutives soulignent l’importance des causalités d’échelle suprarégionale et interculturelle. Pour autant, l’interprétation des évolutions des sites défendus durant la Protohistoire ne fait pas consensus

Les établissements de hauteur défendus protohistoriques en France (XXIIe-Ier siècles av. J.-C.)

International audienceA review of current knowledge is proposed based on updated data for 1330 fortified sites on high ground. These, for the most part, have been explored on too limited an area to understand their precise nature and status. Generally, they are located on spurs and cover a very small area, particularly in the Southeast. Only a quarter of them exceed 7 ha. The size of the fortifications is also an essential criteria, but it was only possible to address it from one clue – the length: the range of disparities are very wide there also; but, we note that this length doubles on average at the end of the Iron Age. The materials of the ramparts reveal trends: earth dominates in the northwest half, stone in the southeast half; wooden frames are scattered, but rarer near the Mediterranean. At the French national as well as at the regional level, the chronological curves of the occupations are very comparable and punctuated by three peaks, of increasing magnitude, at the end of the Bronze Age, the Early and the Late Iron Age. These evolutionary similarities underscore the importance of causalities on a supraregional and intercultural scale. However, there is no consensus on the interpretation of the defended sites’ development during Protohistory.Un bilan des connaissances est proposé à partir de données actualisées pour 1330 établissements de hauteur défendus. Ces derniers, dans leur grande majorité, ont été explorés sur une surface trop limitée pour en saisir la nature précise et le statut. Généralement, ils sont implantés sur des éperons et couvrent une surface très réduite, particulièrement dans le Sud-Est. Un quart d’entre eux seulement dépasse les 7 ha. La taille des fortifications est aussi un critère essentiel, mais il n’a été possible de l’aborder qu’à partir d’un indice, la longueur : les disparités sont très fortes là aussi, mais on note que cette longueur double en moyenne avec la fin de l’âge du Fer. Les matériaux des remparts révèlent des tendances : la terre domine dans la moitié nord-ouest, la pierre dans la moitié sud-est ; les armatures de bois sont dispersées, mais plus rares près de la Méditerranée. Au niveau national comme régional, les courbes chronologiques des occupations sont très comparables et scandées par trois pics, d’ampleur croissante, à la fin de l’âge du Bronze, du Premier et du second âge du Fer. Ces similitudes évolutives soulignent l’importance des causalités d’échelle suprarégionale et interculturelle. Pour autant, l’interprétation des évolutions des sites défendus durant la Protohistoire ne fait pas consensus