Alonso de Cartagena y el Humanismo

Se revisan algunos aspectos de la actitud de Alonso de Cartagena frente a los clásicos y, especialmente, frente a los posibles receptores de sus traducciones castellanas de Séneca. Se ofrecen algunos nuevos elementos de juicio a la extensa discusión sobre un incipiente humanismo o un persistente escolasticismo en el obispo de Burgos.His paper revises some aspects of Alonso de Cartagena’s attitudes towards the classics, and especially towards the readers of his Castilian translations of Seneca. We throw new light to the discussion on the Bishop of Burgo’s incipient humanism or persistent scholasticism.Fil: Olivetto, Georgina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliograficas y Critica Textual; Argentin

IPOACUSIA NEUROSENSORIALE E DANNO ISCHEMICO. MESSA A PUNTO DI UN MODELLO ANIMALE PER VALUTARNE GLI EFFETTI VASCOLARI E OSSIDATIVI.

Hearing impairment is an increasingly common disease. In Italy deaf people are about seven million, including half a million adults with disabling hearing loss and over one thousand births per year with congenital deafness. This causes difficulty in integration in society for adults and prevents the language acquisition for children (Fekete, 1999). As hearing loss has high social costs, the expectation for the development of new treatments is extensive and diseases leading to hearing damage are increasingly studied from clinic and base research. Hearing loss (HL) can have genetic causes, can be associated with aging or exposure to noise or ototoxic substances, and the aetiology can be attributed to vascular injury, trauma, tumours, infections or autoimmune response. All of these factors could be ascribed to alterations in cochlear microcirculation resulting in hypoxia. This condition can damage cochlear hair cells and neurons possibly leading to HL. Hypoxia and ischemia can then be identified as possible factors contributing to the aetiology of deafness, but they have not been experimentally studied yet. The purpose of this work is to develop animal models of ischemia and infarction suitable for the study of cochlear vascular damage, and to characterize them with electrophysiology and gene/protein expression analyses. For this reason it was decided to monitor the effects of ischemia in thrombosis mimicked by complete temporary carotid occlusion, and in stroke mimicked by incomplete permanent left coronary artery. In particular this study focused on the analysis of: organ of Corti and spiral ganglion structures, coagulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. A further aim was to compare these models with other models of ototoxic damage, such as noise and cisplatin. These models are both characterized for electrophysiology, oxidative stress and apoptosis, but the possible involvement of vascular damage has not been investigated yet. This comparison helped us to characterize the new models of vascular injury in the oxidation and apoptosis expression patterns. In our models, both infarction and ischemia cause a small but significant hearing loss, localized at the cochlear apex. Furthermore, there is a slight induction of the coagulation cascade, both in procoagulant and anticoagulant part, and an activation of JNK, that may lead to cell survival. In addition, only in the carotid ischemia the cuticular plate of outer hair cells is damaged. Even noise and cisplatin cause vascular damage, but while in noise-treated animals the coagulation genes show only an mRNA expression increase, after cisplatin administration an mRNA and protein increase of the tissue factor is detected, which leads to the coagulation cascade activation. In the ischemic models we did not detect any apoptosis activation, while in the other models we noticed opposite reactions: in noise there is an increased transcription of the anti-apoptotic genes that leads to cell survival, while cisplatin activates pro-apoptotic factors. The activation of apoptosis is documented in literature and is confirmed in both conditions by OHC loss detected in histological sections, which leads to a more severe deafness than in the ischemia models. In conclusion, the two models of ischemia developed are suitable for the study of cochlear vascular damage, as they produce a slight hearing loss and give modifications in coagulative, oxidative and apoptotic factors gene expression. Furthermore, the comparison with two other widely used models allowed us to specify the pathways involved. We can therefore say that all types of damage taken into consideration act on the inner ear with vascular damage and oxidative mechanisms

Précarité et troubles psychologiques : l'effet médiateur de la perspective temporelle

International audienceThe aim of this study is to explore the role played by time perspective in the lived experience of precarious living conditions, by investingationg its social determinants and its function in the links between socioeconomic deprivation and psychological distress. Results from data collected in a sample of 275 persons recruited in a free health examination center made appear the social anchorage of TP, the impact of precariousness on the past time perspective and the relation between precariousness and psychological distress (anxiety and depression). Findings also support the hypothesis of a mediating role of time perspective in the sociogenesis of psychological distressL'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser le rôle joué par le rapport au temps dans le vécu des situations de précarité, au travers de l'étude des régulations sociales de la Perspective Temporelle (PT) et du rôle de cette variable psychosociale dans les liens entre situations de précarité et troubles psychologiques. L'analyse des données recueillies auprès de 275 consultants d'un centre d'examen de santé fait apparaître les régulations sociales dont la PT fait l'objet, ainsi que les liens que le rapport au passé entretient à la fois à la précarité et aux troubles psychologiques (troubles anxieux, humeur dépressive). Enfin, les résultats suggèrent le rôle médiateur joué par le rapport négatif au passé dans l'émergence des troubles psychologiques liés aux situations de précarité

La collatio externa: en el principio era el códice

Ante un número considerable de investigaciones que acuden a la collatio externa como método auxiliar para el establecimiento –más o menos provisiorio– del stemma codicum, se propone una revisión del mismo, haciendo hincapié en uno de sus principios ineludibles pero en ocasiones desatendido: la inspección personal de todos los testimonios. Se ofrecen algunos ejemplos, tomados de la propia experiencia editorial sobre un caso complejo, las traducciones de Séneca de Alonso de Cartagena, a fin de mostrar los peligros de un método aplicado parcialmente y la necesidad de volver a los postulados básicos en busca de resultados fiables. / Given a considerable number of studies attending collatio externa as an auxiliary method –more or less provisional– to settle the stemma codicum, we present a review of this method, emphasizing one of his unavoidable principles but in occasions neglected: the personal inspection of all the testimonies. We offer some exemples taken of our editorial experience on a difficult case, the Seneca’s translations of Alonso de Cartagena, in order to show the dangers of a method partially applied and the need to return to the basic postulates in pursuit of trustworthy results

Un romance del Cid del s. XVII en versión manuscrita

Dentro de la colección Foulché-Delbosc adquirida por la Biblioteca Nacional argentina en el año 1936, se halla un códice misceláneo, manuscrito de comienzos del s. XVII, en cuyos 330 folios conviven una sección prosística, de caligrafía pequeña y cuidada, obra de una sola mano, y una sección en verso, en letra de mayor tamaño, de varios copistas.Centro de Estudios de Teoría y Crítica Literari

Un romance del Cid del s. XVII en versión manuscrita

Dentro de la colección Foulché-Delbosc adquirida por la Biblioteca Nacional argentina en el año 1936, se halla un códice misceláneo, manuscrito de comienzos del s. XVII, en cuyos 330 folios conviven una sección prosística, de caligrafía pequeña y cuidada, obra de una sola mano, y una sección en verso, en letra de mayor tamaño, de varios copistas.Centro de Estudios de Teoría y Crítica Literari

Alonso de Cartagena en el «tractado de las mugeres»

Alonso de Cartagena’s Copilaçión de algunos dichos de Séneca contains two fragments about the feminine condition taken from the Tabulatio et expositio Senecae of Luca Mannelli. We identify the texts of Seneca included in the Tabulatio and study the selection made by Cartagena on this corpus, with particular interest in the adopted glosses and the added glosses, as indicated by Cartagena itself, by order of King John II of Castile. It is finally considered the place of these early texts in profeminine literature developed in the cultural context of John II’court and an edition of them is offered.La Copilaçión de algunos dichos de Séneca de Alonso de Cartagena contiene dos fragmentos acerca de la condición femenina que provienen de la Tabulatio et expositio Senecae de Luca Mannelli. Se identifican los textos de Séneca incluidos en la Tabulatio y se estudia la selección hecha por Cartagena sobre este corpus, con particular interés en las glosas adoptadas y en las glosas adicionadas, como indica el propio Cartagena, por mandado del rey Juan II. Se considera finalmente el lugar de estos textos tempranos en la literatura en defensa de las mujeres desarrollada en el ámbito cultural de la corte de Juan II y se ofrece una edición de los mismos