Os licenciamentos urbanísticos: uma breve visão sobre o direito português

This text aims to present the way in which the procedures for administrative control of urban operations have evolved in the Portuguese legal system, showing how the legislator has sought to provide such procedures with greater simplification. Effectively, and as discussed in this text, the search for greater simplification of the procedures for controlling urban operations has always been a concern of the Portuguese legislation.O presente texto visa apresentar a forma como os procedimentos de controlo administrativo de operações urbanísticas tem evoluído no ordenamento jurídico português, mostrando a forma como o legislador tem procurado dotar tais procedimentos de maior simplificação. Efetivamente, e como aqui se analisa, a busca por uma maior simplificação dos procedimentos de controlo da realização de operações urbanísticas sempre foi uma preocupação do legislador português, tendo-o traduzido nas múltiplas alterações legislativas ao regime que regula esta atividade e que é, atualmente, o Regime Jurídico da Urbanização e Edificação

OS PRINCÍPIOS JURÍDICOS COMO GARANTIA DE UM PLANEAMENTO URBANÍSTICO SUSTENTÁVEL

Considerando a ampla discricionariedade envolvida na tarefa de planeamento territorial e das cidades, os princípios jurídicos assumem um relevo crescente quer como guiões orientadores da atividade administrativa e, desse modo, limitadores daquela discricionariedade, quer como parâmetros a mobilizar pelos tribunais no controlo daquela atividade e das opções nela envolvidas. A par dos tracionais princípios (da igualdade, da proporcionalidade, da imparcialidade, entre outros) novos princípios de planeamento se posicionam como fundamentais para garantir um planeamento económico, ambiental e socialmente sustentável. É sobre eles que se debruça o presente texto

Estado nutricional e suas relações com populações de linfócitos T e marcadores inflamatórios em indivíduos com diagnóstico recente de neoplasias hematológicas malignas

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2013.Neoplasias hematológicas compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, entre elas, destacam-se as leucemias, os linfomas e o mieloma múltiplo. Reconhecidamente, o componente inflamatório é um fator inerente às neoplasias. Deste processo participam células imunitárias e mediadores inflamatórios que podem repercutir sobre o estado nutricional dos indivíduos acometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as proporções de linfócitos T CD4+, T CD4+IL-17+ e T CD8+, concentrações de citocinas plasmáticas (interleucina(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17 e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)), e suas relações com o estado nutricional de indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas malignas. Este é um estudo descritivo, envolvendo dezesseis indivíduos de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico de neoplasias hematológicas malignas foram incluídos no estudo. Para avaliar as proporções das populações linfocitárias, amostras de sangue foram incubadas por 4h em meio de cultura na presença ou não de estimuladores. Posteriormente, as células foram fixadas, permeabilizadas e marcadas com anticorpos (anti-CD4, anti-IL-17A e anti-CD8) ligados a fluoróforos específicos, e adquiridas por citometria de fluxo. As concentrações de citocinas foram determinadas por citometria de fluxo. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelos parâmetros: índice de massa corporal (IMC), cincunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e percentual de perda de peso. A proporção de linfócitos T CD4+, T CD4+IL-17+ e T CD8+ encontradas foram, respectivamente, 30,2% (16,8; 39,6), 2,5% (2,1; 10,8) e 19,5% (8,2; 25,5) e a razão CD4+:CD8+ foi 1,5 (1,0; 3,5). Em análise por diagnóstico observou-se que os indivíduos com linfoma apresentaram maior proporção de linfócitos T CD8+ (p=0,024) e uma menor razão CD4+:CD8+ (p=0,006) em relação às leucemias. A proporção de células T CD4+IL-17+ foram correlacionadas negativamente com a razão CD4:CD8 e positivamente com a CMB. A concentração de IL-6 encontrada foi aproximadamente 4 vezes superior aos valores descritos na literatura para indivíduos normais. Os indivíduos participantes não apresentaram comprometimento nutricional, com base nos parâmetros antropométricos. A partir dos resultados foi possível constatar que os indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas em fase inicial não apresentam comprometimento nutricional, considerando a avaliação antropométrica, embora apresentem um quadro inflamatório pronunciado pela elevação de marcadores inflamatórios. Os indivíduos com linfomas mantiveram melhor a proporção de linfócitos T CD8 em relação às leucemias, e a possível relação positiva entre as células Th17, T CD8 e CMB, soma evidências de que essas células podem desempenhar um papel importante na imunidade antineoplásica e prognóstico.Abstract : Hematological neoplasms comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, among them are the leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Admittedly, the inflammatory component is a factor inherent to neoplasms. In this process, there is the participation of immune cells and the inflammatory mediators produced by them, which can, among other functions, modify the nutritional status of the affected individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportions of CD4+, CD4+IL-17+ and CD8+ T cells, plasma cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)), and their relationship to the nutritional status of patients with hematological neoplasms. This is a descriptive study involving sixteen individuals of both sexes diagnosed with hematological neoplasms were included in the study. To assess the proportions of lymphocyte populations, blood samples were incubated for 4h in culture medium in the presence or not of stimulators. Subsequently, the cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with antibodies specific fluorophores linked to (anti-CD4, anti-IL-17A and anti-CD8) and acquired by flow cytometry. Concentrations of cytokines were determined by flow cytometry. Nutritional status was assessed by parameters: body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC) and percentage of weight loss. The proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD4+IL-17+ and CD8+ T cells were, respectively, 30.2% (16.8, 39.6), 2.5% (2.1, 10.8), and 19.5% (8.2, 25.5) and the CD4+:CD8+ was 1.5 (1.0, 3.5). In diagnostic analysis showed that individuals with lymphoma had a higher proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes (p = 0.024) and reduced the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (p = 0.006) compared to leukemias. The proportion of CD4+IL-17+ was negatively correlated with the CD4:CD8 ratio and positively with the AMC. The concentration of IL-6 found was approximately 4 times higher than the values reported in the literature for normal subjects. The individuals involved had no nutritional impairment. Based on the results, it was established that individuals with hematologic neoplasms, in early stage, have no nutritional impairment, based in antropometric evaluation, although showed a pronounced elevation in inflammatory markers. Individuals with lymphomas presented a higher proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to leukemias and a potential positive relationship between Th17 cells, CD8 and AMC. Such data increase evidences that these cells may play an important role in antineoplastic immunity and prognosis

Trabalho docente e a relevância do Pibid na formação de futuros professores

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente estudo pretende levantar uma reflexão sobre o papel do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID) na formação do futuro professor. Sendo uma proposta do Ministério da Educação e da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), retrata-se uma aproximação entre os objetivos do Programa e a constatação de vivências numa realidade proporcionada pela Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa-PR junto a escolas de educação básica. Por meio da pesquisa exploratória apresenta-se, de forma inicial, uma compreensão como se têm conceituado o trabalho docente na contemporaneidade, culminando com a comparação entre a proposta e a vivência do PIBI

PAPERS, MY FRIEND, ARE BLOWING IN THE WIND: TOWARDS A PAPERLESS ADMINISTRATION

We are witnessing in Portugal an intense movement of dematerialization of files and administrative procedures. Of files, because Public Administration has been moving towards the promotion and effective implementation of documentary registers and their availability in electronic support to the detriment of the usual registration on physical paper support. Of procedures, since the procedural electronic process has been privileged in relation to the face-to-face contact during the office hours previously established by the services. We have thus passed from a model based on the ancient bureaucratic requirements to a Public Administration able to adapt to the new technological realities and the challenges of e-government. Today, the contact between the citizen and the Public Administration is, as often referred, "at the distance of a click", without any time constraints or imposition of unnecessary bureaucratic requirements. Therefore, we have today a Public Administration that tends to be more effective and more efficient, that, as a tendency, does not require more than it needs, being the tributary of a model of "intermittent administration". With this article, we intend to highlight some characteristics of 21st century public administration: a Public Administration that is intended to be closer to the citizen

Interventions to promote a healthy sexuality among school adolescents: a scoping Review

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedSchools are particularly suitable contexts for the implementation of interventions focused on adolescent sexual behavior. Sexual education and promotion have a multidisciplinary nature. Nurses’ role and the spectrum of the carried-out interventions is not clear. We aimed to identify interventions that promote a healthy sexuality among school adolescents. Our review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and was registered in the Open Science Framework. Published articles on sexuality in adolescents in school contexts were considered. The research limitations included primary studies; access in full text in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; and no data publication limitation. Research was carried out on the EBSCOhost, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science platforms; gray literature and the bibliographies of selected articles were also searched. A total of 56 studies were included in the sample. The studies used a broad range of research methods, and 10 types of interventions were identified. Multi-interventional programs and socio-emotional interventions showed a greater impact on long-term behavioral changes, and continuity seemed to be a key factor. Long-term studies are needed to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of interventions. Nurses’ particular role on the multidisciplinary teams was found to be a gap in the research, and must be further exploredinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O uso das tecnologias digitais numa escola com 3º ciclo do ensino básico : efeitos sobre a autorregulação da aprendizagem

Tese de doutoramento, Educação (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação na Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2018Potenciar experiências de aprendizagem autónoma e significativa em ambientes de aprendizagem apoiados pela tecnologia constitui um desafio diário para as escolas e professores de modo a dotar os alunos de competências autorregulatórias ao longo da vida. As diferentes iniciativas quer a nível nacional quer internacional que permitiram o equipamento das escolas com ferramentas digitais conduziram a investigações no âmbito dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, nomeadamente sobre a regulação da aprendizagem nestes ambientes. A reflexão sobre as vantagens e constrangimentos do uso da tecnologia nas escolas poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas que permitam promover oportunidades de tomada de decisão nos alunos durante o processo de aprendizagem. A investigação tem-se centrado sobre ferramentas como o Moodle, que possibilitam a personalização do percurso dos aprendentes e a partilha, principalmente no âmbito do ensino superior. Os estudos desenvolvidos em escolas do Ensino Básico e Secundário têm realçado uma subutilização curricular das ferramentas digitais para o desenvolvimento das competências autorregulatórias. Neste âmbito, esta investigação, enquadrada numa perspetiva sociocognitiva, visa perceber de que forma as ferramentas digitais podem ser um recurso para a regulação da aprendizagem em alunos do 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico. Para concretizar este objetivo, apresentam-se quatro estudos interligados realizados numa escola secundária com 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico que permitem, através do cruzamento de dados, métodos e técnicas de investigação, compreender as perspetivas dos professores e dos alunos sobre a autorregulação da aprendizagem em ambientes apoiados pela tecnologia. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivos compreender quais as perceções dos professores sobre a utilização das TIC na gestão do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem e ainda promover a reflexão sobre o nível de maturidade no uso dessas mesmas tecnologias. Após a apresentação do perfil da escola no primeiro estudo, o segundo pretendeu identificar quais as ferramentas digitais mais utilizadas no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem por alunos e por professores. Em consonância com as conclusões dos dois primeiros estudos, o terceiro pretendeu entender de que forma os alunos reportam como autorregulam a aprendizagem quando utilizam o Moodle para fins de estudo. O quarto e último estudo pretendeu investigar a relação entre a perceção dos alunos sobre o planeamento, execução e autorreflexão da aprendizagem evidenciada no terceiro estudo e a seleção de determinado tipo de recursos e atividades da plataforma Moodle. Os instrumentos construídos no âmbito desta investigação podem contribuir para: promover a reflexão dos docentes sobre o uso das TIC e o nível de maturidade da escola sobre esse mesmo uso; perceber como os alunos reportam a autorregulação da sua aprendizagem; identificar quais os recursos e atividades mais selecionados na plataforma Moodle no âmbito da planificação, desempenho e autorreflexão. No geral, os resultados realçaram as variáveis da regulação da aprendizagem dependentes da escola, dos professores e dos alunos. A investigação aponta pistas para intervenção a nível macro, meso e micro, bem como orientações e sugestões para estratégias de ensino e de aprendizagem em ambientes apoiados pela tecnologia.Promoting meaningful and autonomous learning experiences in technology-supported learning environments to empower students with lifelong self-regulation skills is a daily challenge for schools and teachers in order. The different national and international initiatives which enabled schools to be equipped with digital tools has led to investigations concerning the teaching and learning processes, namely with regards to the regulation of learning in these environments. Reflection on the advantages and constraints of the use of technology in schools can contribute to the development of educational strategies that allow professionals to promote opportunities for student decision making during the learning process. Research has mainly focused on tools such as Moodle, which enable the personalization of learners' learning and sharing, especially in higher education. Moreover, studies developed within the context of primary and secondary schools, have highlighted a curricular underutilization of digital tools for the development of self-regulatory competences. The current investigation is based on the socio-cognitive perspective and seeks to understand how digital tools can be a resource for the regulation of learning in middle school students (third cycle of basic education). To achieve this objective, four studies are presented with cross-sectional data from a secondary school with a 3rd cycle of Basic Education that allow to understand the perspectives of teachers and students about the self-regulation of learning in environments supported by technology. The first study aimed to understand the teachers' perceptions about the use of ICT in the management of the teaching and learning process and also to promote reflection regarding the level of maturity in the use of ICTs. After presenting the profile of the school, the second study sought to identify which digital tools are most used in the teaching and learning process by students and teachers. In agreement with the conclusions of the first two studies, the third one to understand how the students reported how they self-regulated their learning when they used Moodle for study purposes. The fourth and final study aimed to investigate the relationship between the students' perception of their planning, execution and self-reflection (evidence from the third study) and activities of the Moodle platform. The instruments constructed within the scope of this research can contribute to promoting teachers' reflection on the use of ICT and the level of ICT maturity of the school; perceiving how students report the self regulation of their learning; and identifying the most selected resources and activities in the Moodle platform within the scope of planning, performance and self-reflection. Overall, the results highlighted the variables of the regulation of learning which are dependent on school, teachers and students. The research points to macro, meso and micro intervention cues, as well as guidelines and suggestions for teaching and learning strategies in technology-supported environments

Impact of short-term water exercise programs on weight, body composition, metabolic profile and quality of life of obese women

Physical exercises performed in water, such as water aerobics, have a minimal impact on the joints and are frequently indicated to help obese individuals to lose weight. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two water programs (continuous vs intermittent) on the body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), metabolic profile, and quality of life of obese women without nutritional intervention. Twenty-seven sedentary female volunteers (mean age and BMI of 42.8±7.4 years and 36.1±6.3kg.m-2, respectively) were selected and allocated randomly into two groups: continuous water exercise (CON) and intermittent water exercise (INT). Both programs lasted two months with 3 weekly sessions of 60 minutes each. The following evaluations were performed before and after the intervention: anthropometry (weight and body circumferences), body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass), metabolic profile (glycemia and lipid profile), REE (indirect calorimetry), and quality of life (SF-36 Questionnaire).Comparisons between groups and times (initial and final) were performed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. The groups did not differ in any of the variables analyzed at the initial time (Ti) and at the final time (Tf). Comparison of Ti vs f revealed significant reductions of weight (-0.6 kg), BMI(-0.3 kg.m-2), fat mass (-0.6 kg), arm circumference (-1.8cm) and hip circumference (-4.0cm) for CON group and significant reductions of only fat mass (-0.6kg)and arm circumference (-2.0cm) for INT group. Regarding quality of life, improvement in social and vitality aspects was observed in CON group and improvement in vitality and health status in INT group. Short-term water exercise programs not associated with nutritional monitoring have a modest impact on the weight, body composition and metabolic profile of obese women, with better results for programs with continuous characteristics. However, the improvement of quality of life aspects should not be overlooked

Do Urban Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) Represent a Relevant Source of Zoonotic Diseases?

[EN] Urban fauna is defined as animal species that can live in urban environments. Several species, including the western-European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), have now been identified as part of this urban fauna, becoming permanent residents of parks and gardens in different cities across Europe. Due to the importance that this phenomenon represents for zoonotic disease surveillance, several authors have been conducting zoonotic agents’ surveys on hedgehog. The aim of this study is to compare zoonotic diseases’ prevalence in hedgehogs in urban environments with those from more rural areas. A systematic review with meta-analysis of twelve studied of zoonotic diseases’ (in urban and rural areas of Europe) was therefore conducted for this purpose. Fifteen different zoonoses have been assessed in urban environments and six in rural areas. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was the most prevalent zoonotic agent found in urban habitats (96%). Dermatophytosis shows statistically significant differences between locations (p-value < 0.001), with a higher prevalence in urban Poland (55%; n = 182). Our results suggest further research and a standardized monitoring of different hedgehog populations are essential to understanding the epidemiology of several zoonotic pathogens in different habitat types (urban, rural, natural, industrial, etc.) and preventing possible disease outbreaksSIThis work was supported by National Funds from FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under grant number 2021.04520.BD. The authors of the research unit CITAB (CJB and PAO) received funding from FCT; reference for the project UIDB/04033/2020. The author of the research unit CECAV (FS) received funding from FCT; reference for the project UIDB/CVT/00772/202