Dor crónica na pessoa idosa e seu impacto na funcionalidade: um estudo qualitativo sobre a perceção das pessoas significativas

Mestrado em Gerontologia - Gestão de EquipamentosEnquadramento: A dor crónica tem uma prevalência elevada nas pessoas idosas. A forma como lidam com a dor depende não apenas das suas crenças e perceções, mas também das de quem lhes é mais próximo. Objetivos: Explorar a perceção que as pessoas significativas têm da dor crónica da pessoa idosa e do seu impacto na funcionalidade. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, no qual se realizaram 15 entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas a pessoas significativas de pessoas idosas com dor crónica. Resultados: Emergiram 5 categorias e respetivas subcategorias: caraterísticas da dor (localização, intensidade, frequência, fatores predisponentes e qualidade da dor); impacto da dor (pessoal e interpessoal); estratégias para lidar com a dor (formais e informais); atitudes dos outros (profissionais e familiares e amigos) e atitudes da pessoa significativa. Conclusão: As pessoas significativas entendem, de uma forma geral, que a dor da pessoa idosa é real e tem impacto a diversos níveis, seja na própria pessoa com dor, seja nas suas relações interpessoais. Também consideram que as pessoas idosas recebem todos os cuidados necessários quer da parte dos profissionais, quer da parte dos familiares e amigos.Background: Chronic pain is very common among elderly people. The way they manage their pain depends not only on their beliefs and perceptions but also on those of who are close to them. Objectives: To explore the perception that significant others have on the pain of older and on its impact on functioning. Methods: Semi structured individuals interviews of 15 significant others were conducted. Results: Five categories and related subcategories emerged: pain characteristics (location, intensity, frequency, risk factors, and pain quality), impact of pain (personal and interpersonal), strategies to deal with the pain (formal and informal), attitudes of others (professional and family and friends), and attitudes of significant other. Conclusion: Significant others believe that older adult’s chronic pain is real and affects several domains of their life whether at individual level whether on his/hers interpersonal relationships. The significant others also consider that older adults with chronic pain receive the needed care both from health professionals and from family and friends

Physicochemical characteristics of organic honey samples of africanized honeybees from Paraná River islands.

This research was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical composition of organic honey in Paraná River islands, in Porto Brasílio, State of Paraná. Honey was harvested directly from super of the colonies in three apiaries spread in the Floresta and Laranjeira Islands, from August 2005 to August 2006. Twenty-four samples of organic honey produced by Africanized honeybees were evaluated. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, acidity, formol index, hydroxymethylfurfural, ashes, color, electric conductivity and moisture. Three replications per sample were performed for laboratorial analysis, giving the means and standard deviation. Most honey samples were in conformity with the Normative Instruction 11 from October 20, 2000. However, 4.17% were not in accordance with the moisture standards, 8.33% showed high concentrations of hydroxymethylfurfural, thus, totalizing 12.50% of non-complying samples. Nevertheless, 87.50% of the analyzed honey samples are within the standards, being characterized as an organic product of excellent quality, with good commercialization perspectives in the market

Electrochemical study of simple coumarin and its determination in aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata

The present study aims the development and application of an electrochemical method for simple coumarin determination in aqueous media by using a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The studies were carried out at pH 8.0 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and registered an irreversible reduction process controlled by diffusion with the peak potential recorded around -1.6 V. The square wave voltammetry analysis (SWV) showed the reversible behavior of the electrochemical reduction of coumarin at the same pH. Additionally, the reversibility of the process was improved by increasing the solution pH. The chronoamperometry study showed that the coumarin reduction process involves two electrons. From the optimized SWV parameters, the analytical curve was constructed in a linear range between 0.5 × 10-5 and 10.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 × 10-6 mol L-1 and 4.5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The coumarin was determined in an aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata, showing recovery values between 92 and 104%.O presente estudo teve por objetivos o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método eletroquímico para a determinação da cumarina simples em meio aquoso utilizando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro (BDDE). Os estudos foram realizados em pH 8,0 utilizando a voltametria cíclica (CV) e observou-se um processo de redução irreversível controlado por difusão com um pico de redução em torno de -1,6 V. Entretanto, foi possível observar por voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) que no mesmo pH a redução da cumarina possui um caráter reversível. Além disso, esta reversibilidade se tornou mais evidente com o aumento do pH da solução. Um estudo cronoamperométrico mostrou que o processo de redução da cumarina envolve dois elétrons. A partir dos parâmetros otimizados da SWV uma curva analítica foi construída no intervalo linear de 0,5 × 10-5 a 10,0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 1,5 × 10-6 mol L-1 e 4,5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectivamente. A cumarina foi determinada em amostras de Mikania glomerata (infusão aquosa) com valores de recuperação entre 92 e 104%.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da TerraUniversidade Federal do ABC Centro de Ciências Naturais e HumanasUNIFESP, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas Depto. de Ciências Exatas e da Terra2008/50588-6SciEL

Trends on Aspergillus Epidemiology-Perspectives from a National Reference Laboratory Surveillance Program

Identification of Aspergillus to species level is important since sibling species may display variable susceptibilities to multiple antifungal drugs and also because correct identification contributes to improve the knowledge of epidemiological studies. Two retrospective laboratory studies were conducted on Aspergillus surveillance at the Portuguese National Mycology Reference Laboratory. The first, covering the period 2017-2018, aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of 256 Aspergillus isolates obtained from patients with respiratory, subcutaneous, or systemic infections and from environmental samples. The second, using our entire collection of clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates (N = 337), collected between 2012 and 2019, aimed to determine the frequency of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto was the most frequent species in both clinical and environmental samples. Overall, and considering all Aspergillus sections identified, a high frequency of cryptic species was detected, based on beta-tubulin or calmodulin sequencing (37% in clinical and 51% in environmental isolates). Regarding all Fumigati isolates recovered from 2012-2019, the frequency of cryptic species was 5.3% (18/337), with the identification of A. felis (complex), A. lentulus, A. udagawae, A. hiratsukae, and A. oerlinghauensis. To determine the frequency of azole resistance of A. fumigatus, isolates were screened for azole resistance using azole-agars, and 53 possible resistant isolates were tested by the CLSI microdilution reference method. Nine A. fumigatus sensu stricto and six Fumigati cryptic isolates showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations to itraconazole, voriconazole, and/or posaconazole. Real-time PCR to detect cyp51A mutations and sequencing of cyp51A gene and its promoter were performed. The overall frequency of resistance to azoles in A. fumigatus sensu stricto was 3.0%. With this retrospective analysis, we were able to detect one azole-resistant G54R mutant A. fumigatus environmental isolate, collected in 2015. The TR34/L98H mutation, linked to environmental transmission route of azole resistance, was the most frequently detected mutation (N = 4; 1.4%). Our findings underline the demand for correct identification and susceptibility testing of Aspergillus isolates.This article belongs to the Special Issue Aspergillus Infection.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential expression of salivary glycoproteins in aggressive and chronic periodontitis

OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of secretion and the expression of mucin glycoprotein-2 (MG2) and lactoferrin in individuals with or without periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five individuals with aggressive periodontitis (APG), 5 with generalized chronic periodontitis (CPG) and 5 without periodontitis (CG) were enrolled after informed consent. Non-stimulated and stimulated submandibular and sublingual saliva was collected and samples analyzed by Western blot probed with specific antibodies. RESULTS: Stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow rates did not differ among groups. Western blot analysis revealed that stimulation led to: an increase in MG2 expression in all groups, and to lactoferrin expression in APG and CPG. In non-stimulated saliva, CG exhibited the highest expression of both glycoproteins. In stimulated saliva, CG exhibited the highest expression of MG2, whereas APG the highest of lactoferrin. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of secretion of MG2 and lactoferrin in health and disease is complex. Although the present study analyzed samples from a limited number of participants, the reduced expression of MG2 and lactoferrin in APG and CPG under non-stimulated condition, the predominant circumstance of salivary secretion during the day, suggests that these salivary constituents may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases

O PERFIL DOS USUÁRIOS CADASTRADOS NA ASSOCIAÇÃO PARANAENSE DE OSTOMIZADOS – APO

Este es un estudio cuantitativo realizado en el periodo de septiembre de 2005 a enero de 2006. El objetivo fue caracterizar los portadores de ostomias, con catastro en la Asociación Paranaense de los Ostomizados (APO). Fueron analizados 1538 prontuarios de la APO y de estes fueron elejidos 477 con datos completos. En relacón al sexo, 53,7% dos “ostomizados” eran del masculino y 46,3% del femenino. Cuanto al motivo de la intervención quirúrgica, en la franja etaria de 0 a 45 años, el estudio apunta para las causas externas como una implicación para la realización de las ostomias, lo que representa 20% del total de intervenciones realizadas. Sin embargo en la franja etaria de más de 45 años, 51,4% de esta población era del sexo femenino, siendo las neoplasias intestinales responsables por la concretización de aproximadamente 51% de las ostomías. Las colostomías representam 65,4% de los procedimientos realizados. Se recomienda continuación del estudio a fin de contribuir en la identificación de las necesidades educativas de la clientela.Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado no período de setembro de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. O objetivo foi caracterizar os portadores de ostomias, cadastrados na Associação Paranaense dos Ostomizados (APO). Foram analisados 1538 prontuários da APO e destes foram selecionados 477 com dados completos. Em relação ao sexo, 53,7% dos ostomizados eram do sexo masculino e 46,3% do feminino. Quanto ao motivo da intervenção cirúrgica, na faixa etária de 0 a 45 anos, o estudo aponta para as causas externas como uma implicação para a realização das ostomias, representando 20% do total de intervenções realizadas. Entretanto na faixa etária acima de 45 anos, 51,4% desta população eram do sexo feminino, sendo que, as neoplasias intestinais foram responsáveis pela concretização de aproximadamente 51% das ostomias.As colostomias representam 65,4% dos procedimentos realizados. Recomendase a continuação do estudo com intuito de contribuir na identificação das necessidades educativas da clientela.It is a quantitative study performed from September/2005 to January/2006. The objective was to characterize the ostomates registered at the Ostomate Association of Paraná State (APO in Portuguese). From 1538 analyzed forms, 477 were selected with complete data. According to sex, 53.7% of the ostomates were male, and 46.3% were female; from 0 to 45 years old, there was predominance of male patients, 63.9%. As for the reasons of the surgical procedure, at the age of 0 to 45 years old, the study points out external causes as an implication for the ostomy procedure, standing for 20% of the total surgeries. However, at ages above 45 years old, 51.4% of the population was female, and intestinal neoplasm was responsible for about 51% of the ostomies. Colostomies accounted for 65.4% of the procedures. It is suggested the study continuation in order to contribute for the identification of ostomates’ educational needs

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLUENZA B VIRUS OUTBREAK ON A CRUISE SHIP IN BRAZIL 2012

In February 2012, an outbreak of respiratory illness occurred on the cruise ship MSC Armonia in Brazil. A 31-year-old female crew member was hospitalized with respiratory failure and subsequently died. To study the etiology of the respiratory illness, tissue taken at necropsy from the deceased woman and respiratory specimens from thirteen passengers and crew members with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Influenza real-time RT-PCR assays were performed, and the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza-positive samples was sequenced. Influenza B virus was detected in samples from seven of the individuals, suggesting that it was the cause of this respiratory illness outbreak. The sequence analysis of the HA gene indicated that the virus was closely related to the B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus, Victoria lineage, a virus contained in the 2011-12 influenza vaccine for the Southern Hemisphere. Since the recommended composition of the influenza vaccine for use during the 2013 season changed, an intensive surveillance of viruses circulating worldwide is crucial. Molecular analysis is an important tool to characterize the pathogen responsible for an outbreak such as this. In addition, laboratory disease surveillance contributes to the control measures for vaccine-preventable influenza.Em fevereiro de 2012, durante a temporada de verão no Brasil, um surto de doença respiratória ocorreu no navio de cruzeiro MSC Armonia. Mulher de 31 anos, membro da tripulação, foi internada com insuficiência respiratória e morreu. Com o objetivo de estudar a etiologia da doença foram investigadas necrópsia de tecido do caso fatal e secreções respiratórias de 13 passageiros e membros da tripulação com sintomas respiratórios. O teste de influenza por RT-PCR em tempo real foi realizado e o gene completo da hemaglutinina (HA) das amostras positivas foi sequenciado. O vírus influenza B foi detectado em sete indivíduos, sugerindo-o como a causa do surto de doença respiratória a bordo do navio. A análise da sequência do gene da HA indicou que os vírus estão fortemente relacionados com o vírus B/Brisbane/60/2008, linhagem Victoria, componente da vacina de influenza para 2011-2012 no hemisfério sul. Uma vez que a composição da vacina foi alterada para uso na temporada de 2012-2013, é essencial a vigilância ativa dos vírus circulantes em todo o mundo. A análise molecular é uma ferramenta importante para caracterização do patógeno responsável pelo surto. Além disso, a vigilância de doenças baseada em dados laboratoriais contribui para as medidas de controle da influenza, uma doença imunoprevinível

Flavonoids as Modulators of Synaptic Plasticity: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Healthy Lifestyle

Flavonoids are potential group of phytochemicals found in normal diets capable of mediating improvements in cognition and may reverse age-related declines in memory. Aging is associated with alteration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and contribute to decline in cognitive functions. The current studies are directed at a greater understanding of how and why the brain modifies synaptic strength with dietary-derived phytochemicals (flavonoids) and age-related declines in cognitive functions (such as learning and memory). Flavonoids modulate neuronal function and thereby influence cognition. In addition, it has been suggested that flavonoids may delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology, anxiety, and depression disorders, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence suggest that flavonoids are modulators of signaling pathways critical for controlling synaptic plasticity in the brain. For example, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, pathways could be involved Ca2+ signaling. Significants questions such as: (i) How does flavonoids affect plasticity? (ii) What receptors are modulating by flavonoids and how are they regulated? (iii) Do flavonoids have a neuroprotective effect in aging? are asked

CONVIVÊNCIA COM FILHOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: DESVELANDO SENTIDOS DO SER-AÍ-MÃE

Objetivo: desvelar sentidos de mães na convivência com filhos acometidos pelo transtorno de espectro autista (TEA). Método: pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na fenomenologia heideggeriana, com dados coletados por meio de entrevista fenomenológica com 14 mulheres/mães, entre janeiro e março de 2016. Resultados: as mães significaram que a convivência trazia aprendizado, mudanças como ser humano e busca por saber tudo a respeito de autismo; e não conseguir trabalhar, por ter de cuidar do filho, sentir-se excluída e sobrecarregada. Conclusão: o alcance do movimento existencial do ser-aí-mãe na convivência com o filho acometido pelo TEA permitiu compreender as mudanças, exigências e cobranças que cabiam à mulher que, de modo inautêntico, ocupava-se com a rotina de cuidados ao filho. Preocupando-se em oferecer o melhor de si, sentia-se distante do cuidado consigo e com suas relações sociais e familiares. Do mesmo modo, pela fragilidade da rede de apoio social, tornava-se vulnerável biopsicosocioespiritualmente. Descritores: Transtorno Autístico. Relações Mãe-Filho. Cuidados de Enfermagem