Weight loss of fruits of strawberry cultivars in different conditions and storage periods

The aim of the study was to evaluate strawberry cultivars for mass weight of fruit in different conditions and storage periods. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial of eight strawberry cultivars (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande and Camarosa, Diamond and Aromas), five periods of storage (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) and two storage conditions (cold storage and ambient temperature) in three replications. The fruits of the Toyonoka and Campinas cultivars lost more mass; in environmental conditions they can be stored up to six days while in cold storage up to 12 days

PEANUT PLANT NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND GROWTH

The chemical composition and the accumulation of nutrients in stems, leaves and fruits are essential information to meet the nutritional requirements of a peanut crop. Thus, the goals of the present study were to evaluate the rate of absorption of macro- and micronutrients; identify the critical phases of nutrient absorption in the peanut crop; and perform growth analysis of these plants. For this, an experiment under field conditions using randomized blocks with 15 treatments and four repetitions was assembled. Each treatment corresponded to a sampling time, held from 10 days after planting, until the end of the cycle, which corresponded to 160 days. Peanut plants generally showed higher macro- and micronutrient absorption rates at 110 days after emergence, coinciding with the highest growth rate of the crop. Thus, the higher nutrient absorption rate and increased crop growth rate occurred during the reproductive period, formation of fruit and grain filling

Desempenho de cultivares de cenoura em duas regiões distintas do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG

The successful commercial use of carrot depends on the choice of cultivars that are well-adapted to soil and climate conditions at the cultivation site and on good consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of carrot cultivars grown in autumn-winter in two towns with different climatic characteristics, in the High Jequitinhonha Valley, MG, Brazil. The experiments were conducted on the Rio Manso farm, in the town of Couto de Magalhães de Minas and on Campus JK at UFVJM, in the town of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six carrot cultivars (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto and Tornado) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The following morpho-agronomic characteristics were evaluated 100 days after sowing: shoot height, root length, root dry matter, total dry matter, harvest index, commercial yield and total yield root. The most suitable cultivars in Diamantina were Planalto, Tornado and Kuronan, and the cultivatar Planalto was the best suited to Couto de Magalhães de Minas. The agronomic performance of the cultivars was higher in Couto de Magalhães de Minas for the majority of the study variables, resulting in a higher total yield and commercial root yield. The climatic and soil conditions of Diamantina induced flowering in most cultivars, causing a loss to the commercial yield in autumn-winter cultivation.O sucesso na exploração comercial da cenoura depende da escolha de cultivares com boa adaptação às condições de solo e de clima no local onde será cultivada e da boa aceitação pelo mercado consumidor. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de cenoura no cultivo de outono-inverno em dois municípios com características edafoclimáticas distintas do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Rio Manso, município de Couto de Magalhães de Minas, MG e no Campus JK da UFVJM, município de Diamantina, MG. Foram avaliadas seis cultivares de cenoura (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto e Tornado) utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. As características morfoagronomicas altura da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, matéria seca de raiz, matéria seca total, índice de colheita, produtividade comercial e produtividade total de raízes foram avaliadas 100 dias após a semeadura. As cultivares que se destacaram em Diamantina foram Planalto, Tornado e Kuronan e em Couto de Magalhães de Minas a cultivar Planalto. O desempenho agronômico das cultivares foi superior em Couto de Magalhães de Minas para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas, resultando em uma maior produtividade total e comercial de raízes. As condições edafoclimáticas de Diamantina induzem florescimento na maioria das cultivares, causando perdas de produtividade comercial no cultivo de outono-inverno

Crescimento de cultivares de cenoura em diferentes ambientes

The carrot (Daucus carota) is the fifth most widely grown vegetable crop in Brazil, with an average yield of only 32.1 t ha-1 with productive potential to reach 80 t ha-1. One reason cited for this low productivity is planting varieties not adapted to the environments found in Brazil. Knowing the importance of genotype and environment interaction, aimed to evaluate the growth of carrot cultivars in autumn-winter crop in two counties with different soil and climatic characteristics of the Upper Valley Jequitinhonha, MG. Six carrot cultivars (Brasilia, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanade, Plateau and Tornado) were grown in two environments (Couto de Magalhães of Mines and Diamantina). Plants were sampled weekly and regression equations were adjusted from time. For plant height set to linear Couto de Magalhães de Diamantina Minas and quadratic models, as in root length models the behavior was reversed. This difference shows that different environments alter the pattern of growth. The distinct environments resulted in different behaviors of cultivars of carrot, and in Couto de Magalhães de Minas productivity was higher. Regardless of the growing environment to Nantes variety showed lower productivity. The Plateau cultivar is best suited for planting in the Diamantina and Kuronan and Plateau to Couto Magalhães de Minas.A cenoura (Daucus carota) é a quinta hortaliça mais cultivada no Brasil, apresentando produtividade média de apenas 32,1 t ha-1 com potencial produtivo para alcançar 80 t ha-1. Uma das causas apontadas para esta baixa produtividade é o plantio de cultivares não adaptadas aos ambientes encontrados no Brasil. Sabendo da importância dos efeitos da interação genótipo e ambiente, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de cultivares de cenoura no cultivo de outono-inverno em dois municípios com características edafo-climáticas distintas do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. Foram cultivadas seis cultivares de cenoura (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto e Tornado) em dois ambientes (Couto de Magalhães de Minas e Diamantina). As plantas foram amostradas semanalmente e foram ajustadas equações de regressão a partir do tempo. Para a altura de plantas ajustou-se modelos lineares para Couto de Magalhães de Minas e para Diamantina modelos quadráticos, já no comprimento de raízes o comportamento se inverteu. Essa diferença mostra que ambientes distintos alteram o padrão de crescimento. Os ambientes distintos resultaram em diferentes comportamentos dos cultivares de cenoura, sendo que em Couto de Magalhães de Minas a produtividade foi maior. Independente do ambiente de cultivo a variedade Nantes apresentou menor produtividade. O cultivar Planalto é mais indicada para plantio em Diamantina e a Kuronan e Planalto para Couto Magalhães de Minas

Crescimento de cultivares de cenoura em diferentes ambientes

The carrot (Daucus carota) is the fifth most widely grown vegetable crop in Brazil, with an average yield of only 32.1 t ha-1 with productive potential to reach 80 t ha-1. One reason cited for this low productivity is planting varieties not adapted to the environments found in Brazil. Knowing the importance of genotype and environment interaction, aimed to evaluate the growth of carrot cultivars in autumn-winter crop in two counties with different soil and climatic characteristics of the Upper Valley Jequitinhonha, MG. Six carrot cultivars (Brasilia, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanade, Plateau and Tornado) were grown in two environments (Couto de Magalhães of Mines and Diamantina). Plants were sampled weekly and regression equations were adjusted from time. For plant height set to linear Couto de Magalhães de Diamantina Minas and quadratic models, as in root length models the behavior was reversed. This difference shows that different environments alter the pattern of growth. The distinct environments resulted in different behaviors of cultivars of carrot, and in Couto de Magalhães de Minas productivity was higher. Regardless of the growing environment to Nantes variety showed lower productivity. The Plateau cultivar is best suited for planting in the Diamantina and Kuronan and Plateau to Couto Magalhães de Minas.A cenoura (Daucus carota) é a quinta hortaliça mais cultivada no Brasil, apresentando produtividade média de apenas 32,1 t ha-1 com potencial produtivo para alcançar 80 t ha-1. Uma das causas apontadas para esta baixa produtividade é o plantio de cultivares não adaptadas aos ambientes encontrados no Brasil. Sabendo da importância dos efeitos da interação genótipo e ambiente, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de cultivares de cenoura no cultivo de outono-inverno em dois municípios com características edafo-climáticas distintas do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. Foram cultivadas seis cultivares de cenoura (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto e Tornado) em dois ambientes (Couto de Magalhães de Minas e Diamantina). As plantas foram amostradas semanalmente e foram ajustadas equações de regressão a partir do tempo. Para a altura de plantas ajustou-se modelos lineares para Couto de Magalhães de Minas e para Diamantina modelos quadráticos, já no comprimento de raízes o comportamento se inverteu. Essa diferença mostra que ambientes distintos alteram o padrão de crescimento. Os ambientes distintos resultaram em diferentes comportamentos dos cultivares de cenoura, sendo que em Couto de Magalhães de Minas a produtividade foi maior. Independente do ambiente de cultivo a variedade Nantes apresentou menor produtividade. O cultivar Planalto é mais indicada para plantio em Diamantina e a Kuronan e Planalto para Couto Magalhães de Minas

Crescimento de cultivares de cenoura em diferentes ambientes

The carrot (Daucus carota) is the fifth most widely grown vegetable crop in Brazil, with an average yield of only 32.1 t ha-1 with productive potential to reach 80 t ha-1. One reason cited for this low productivity is planting varieties not adapted to the environments found in Brazil. Knowing the importance of genotype and environment interaction, aimed to evaluate the growth of carrot cultivars in autumn-winter crop in two counties with different soil and climatic characteristics of the Upper Valley Jequitinhonha, MG. Six carrot cultivars (Brasilia, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanade, Plateau and Tornado) were grown in two environments (Couto de Magalhães of Mines and Diamantina). Plants were sampled weekly and regression equations were adjusted from time. For plant height set to linear Couto de Magalhães de Diamantina Minas and quadratic models, as in root length models the behavior was reversed. This difference shows that different environments alter the pattern of growth. The distinct environments resulted in different behaviors of cultivars of carrot, and in Couto de Magalhães de Minas productivity was higher. Regardless of the growing environment to Nantes variety showed lower productivity. The Plateau cultivar is best suited for planting in the Diamantina and Kuronan and Plateau to Couto Magalhães de Minas.A cenoura (Daucus carota) é a quinta hortaliça mais cultivada no Brasil, apresentando produtividade média de apenas 32,1 t ha-1 com potencial produtivo para alcançar 80 t ha-1. Uma das causas apontadas para esta baixa produtividade é o plantio de cultivares não adaptadas aos ambientes encontrados no Brasil. Sabendo da importância dos efeitos da interação genótipo e ambiente, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de cultivares de cenoura no cultivo de outono-inverno em dois municípios com características edafo-climáticas distintas do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. Foram cultivadas seis cultivares de cenoura (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto e Tornado) em dois ambientes (Couto de Magalhães de Minas e Diamantina). As plantas foram amostradas semanalmente e foram ajustadas equações de regressão a partir do tempo. Para a altura de plantas ajustou-se modelos lineares para Couto de Magalhães de Minas e para Diamantina modelos quadráticos, já no comprimento de raízes o comportamento se inverteu. Essa diferença mostra que ambientes distintos alteram o padrão de crescimento. Os ambientes distintos resultaram em diferentes comportamentos dos cultivares de cenoura, sendo que em Couto de Magalhães de Minas a produtividade foi maior. Independente do ambiente de cultivo a variedade Nantes apresentou menor produtividade. O cultivar Planalto é mais indicada para plantio em Diamantina e a Kuronan e Planalto para Couto Magalhães de Minas

Population parameters and selection of kale genotypes using Bayesian inference in a multi-trait linear model

 Variance components must be obtained to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values. This information can be obtained through Bayesian inference. When multiple traits are evaluated, Bayesian inference can be used in multi-trait models. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of genetic parameters, gains with selection, and genetic correlations among traits. Likewise, we aim to predict the genetic values and select the best kale genotypes using the Bayesian approach in a multi-trait linear model. The following traits were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, number of shoots, number of marketable leaves and fresh weight of leaves using Bayesian inference in 22 kale genotypes. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications and four plants per plot. Genetic effects predominated over environmental effects. The highest correlation estimates were found between the fresh weight of leaves and stem diameter and between the plant height and number of marketable leaves. The following commercial cultivars and genotypes are recommended for cultivation and to integrate into breeding programs: UFLA 11, UFLA 5, UFLA 6, UFVJM 3 and UFVJM 19. The estimates of the gain with selection indicate the potential for improvement of the studied population.

Solvent Mixture Optimization in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities from Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Garlic is a health promoter that has important bioactive compounds. The bioactive extraction is an important step in the analysis of constituents present in plant preparations. The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction with the best proportion of solvents to obtain total phenolic compounds (TPC) and thiosulfinates (TS) from dried garlic powder, and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the optimized extracts. A statistical mixture simplex axial design was used to evaluate the effect of solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone), as well as mixtures of these solvents, after two ultrasound extraction cycles of 15 min. Results showed that solvent mixtures with a high portion of water and pure water were efficient for TPC and TS recovery through this extraction procedure. According to the regression model computed, the most significant solvent mixtures to obtain high TPC and TS recovery from dried garlic powder are, respectively, the binary mixture with 75% water and 25% acetone and pure water. These optimized extracts presented oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Pure water was better for total antioxidant capacity, and the binary mixture of water–acetone (75:25) was better for DPPH scavenging activity. These optimized extracts can be used for industrial and research applications