Plan estratégico del puerto de Chancay

La presente tesis desarrolla el planeamiento estratégico del Puerto de Chancay el cual se fundamenta en la metodología del profesor Fernando D’Alessio. El Puerto de Chancay presenta importantes ventajas comparativas como son su calado natural cercano a 20 m, su ubicación geográfica estratégica en la costa central del Perú con cercanía al Puerto del Callao, al aeropuerto internacional Jorge Chávez, al corredor interoceánico Amazonas Centro del IIRSA y con fácil acceso a la Panamericana Norte. El análisis realizado propone estrategias para aprovechar estas ventajas para que el puerto llegue a convertirse en un participante importante y competitivo en el sistema portuario nacional. Así mismo se ha definido una visión basada en una evaluación de la situación actual y futura del puerto. Además se define (a) la misión, como impulsor de la organización hacia la futura situación deseada, (b) los valores, y (c) código de ética. Estos tres elementos, junto con la visión, van a guiar y normar el accionar del Puerto de Chancay. La implementación del plan estratégico estaría a cargo de la empresa privada Terminales Portuarios Chancay S.A. quien deberá trabajar en conjunto con la Autoridad Portuaria Nacional, la Municipalidad Distrital de Chancay y el Gobierno Regional de Lima Provincias para que el Puerto de Chancay pueda alcanzar su potencial y se establezca como una alternativa eficiente y descentralizada para el tráfico de mercadería de comercio internacional en el Perú siendo el único puerto privado de uso público del país. Las estrategias propuestas son del tipo (a) intensivas de desarrollo de producto, por la infraestructura nueva a construir con el terminal portuario y la Zona de Actividades Logísticas, (b) de integración vertical hacia adelante, por el desarrollo de la vía férrea que conecte el Puerto de Chancay con el Ferrocarril del Centro, y (c) interna específica por las alianzas que se deben generar con el gobierno local para la integración del puerto con la ciudad. Se ha definido seis objetivos de largo plazo con los que se pretende cumplir con la visión del Puerto de Chancay, tres de los cuales están relacionados al desarrollo de infraestructura y los otros tres relacionados a participación de mercado. De estos objetivos de largo plazo se han definido 26 objetivos de corto plazo cuyo desempeño y logro serán monitoreados mediante el Tablero de Control Balanceado.This thesis develops the Strategic Plan of Chancay Port, which is based on Professor Fernando D'Alessio’s methodology. The Chancay Port has significant comparative advantages such as its near to 20 m bathymetry, its strategic geographical location in the central coast of Peru with proximity to Callao Port, the Jorge Chavez International Airport, and the inter-oceanic corridor of the IIRSA’s Amazonas Center, and its easy access to the Northern Panamerican Highway. This analysis proposes strategies to exploit these advantages for the port to become a significant and competitive player in the national port system. It is also defined a vision based on an assessment of the current and future situation of the port. In addition, it is defined a (a) the mission, as a promoter of the organization towards the future desired situation, (b) values, and (c) code of ethics. These three elements, together with the vision, will guide and regulate the actions of the Port of Chancay. The implementation of the Strategic Plan would be undertaken by the private company Terminales Portuarios Chancay S.A. who must work with the National Port Authority, the Chancay Municipality, and the Lima Provinces Regional Government. This way Chancay Port can reach its potential and be established as an efficient and decentralized alternative to the merchandise traffic of international trade in Peru becoming the only private port for public use in the country. The proposed strategies are of the type (a) intensive-product development for the new infrastructure to be built with the port terminal and the Logistics Activities Zone, (b) verticalintegration forward, for the development of the railway linking the Chancay Port with the Central Railway, and (c) specific-internal for the partnerships that should be generated with the local government for the integration of the port with the city. Six log-term goals have been defined to pretend fulfill the vision of the Port of Chancay, three of which are related to infrastructure development and the other three related to market share. Of these long-term objectives, 26 short-term goals have been defined whose performance and achievement will be monitored through the Balanced Scorecard.Tesi

TCR-dependent differentiation of thymic Foxp3+ cells is limited to small clonal sizes

Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of high-affinity interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and their ligands in the selection of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells). To determine the role of the TCR in directing T cells into the Foxp3+ lineage, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing TCRs from Foxp3+ cells. Initial analyses of the TCR Tg mice crossed with RAG-deficient mice showed that the percentage of Foxp3+ cells was very low. However, intrathymic injection and bone marrow chimera experiments showed a saturable increase of the Foxp3+ population when T reg TCR Tg cells were present in low numbers. Furthermore, when analyzing whole thymi of T reg TCR Tg RAG-deficient mice, we found significantly more Foxp3+ cells than in conventional T cell TCR Tg mice. Our results indicate that although the TCR has an instructive role in determining Foxp3 expression, selection of Foxp3+ individual clones in the thymus is limited by a very small niche

The unwavering commitment of regulatory T cells in the suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Another aspect of immune privilege in the CNS

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91232/1/eji2300.pd

TCR ligand density and affinity determine peripheral induction of Foxp3 in vivo

T cell receptor (TCR) ligation is required for the extrathymic differentiation of forkhead box p3+ (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that weak TCR stimulation favors induction of Foxp3 in the periphery; however, it remains to be determined how TCR ligand potency influences this process. We characterized the density and affinity of TCR ligand favorable for Foxp3 induction and found that a low dose of a strong agonist resulted in maximal induction of Foxp3 in vivo. Initial Foxp3 induction by weak agonist peptide could be enhanced by disruption of TCR–peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions or alteration of peptide dose. However, time course experiments revealed that Foxp3-positive cells induced by weak agonist stimulation are deleted, along with their Foxp3-negative counterparts, whereas Foxp3-positive cells induced by low doses of the strong agonist persist. Our results suggest that, together, pMHC ligand potency, density, and duration of TCR interactions define a cumulative quantity of TCR stimulation that determines initial peripheral Foxp3 induction. However, in the persistence of induced Foxp3+ T cells, TCR ligand potency and density are noninterchangeable factors that influence the route to peripheral tolerance

Usefulness of PCR-based assays to assess drug efficacy in Chagas disease chemotherapy: value and limitations

One major goal of research on Chagas disease is the development of effective chemotherapy to eliminate the infection from individuals who have not yet developed cardiac and/or digestive disease manifestations. Cure evaluation is the more complex aspect of its treatment, often leading to diverse and controversial results. The absence of reliable methods or a diagnostic gold standard to assess etiologic treatment efficacy still constitutes a major challenge. In an effort to develop more sensitive tools, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were introduced to detect low amounts of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood samples from chagasic patients, thus improving the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation after chemotherapy. In this article, I review the main problems concerning drug efficacy and criteria used for cure estimation in treated chagasic patients, and the work conducted by different groups on developing PCR methodologies to monitor treatment outcome of congenital infections as well as recent and late chronic T. cruzi infections