International Student Enrollment Trends In the United States: Economic Perspectives

My dissertation covered issues relevant to the impact of international student enrollment on the finances of U.S. public universities and examines the increasing numbers of international students at those institutions between 2003 and 2018. All three studies utilized fixed-effects panel regression technique that is a perfect fit for an examination of questions around student enrollments. I used data from IPEDS, U.S. News and World report, 2009 Barron’s Competitiveness Index U.S. Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Conference of State Legislatures. In the first chapter, I explored how first-time international undergraduate enrollment contributes to the growth of net-tuition revenue at public research universities. The results showed that the magnitude of the relationship was small, suggesting that prestige-seeking and not financial rationale has been the major reason to recruit students from abroad. In the second chapter, I looked at the extent to which state support explains first-time international undergraduate enrollment patterns at public research universities. My analysis confirmed that international enrollment is an important channel through which selective public research universities buffer declines in state funding. In the third chapter, I looked at whether international student enrollment can affect access for domestic minority students in full-time MBA programs at public universities. This study showed that international enrollments do not reduce access for domestic minority students

Student Attitude to Internet Search Engines: Navigation and Optimization Problems

The article relevance. Currently, the world is rapidly undergoing the process of Informatization of all aspects of society, the development and introduction of new information technologies. This highlights the need for further reflection and research on the development of the Internet and its opening opportunities for people. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the attitude of students to search and recommendation services on the Internet. Research methods: as a research method, we used a questionnaire survey as a method of collecting primary information, which allows us to identify various aspects related to the attitude of students to search and recommendation systems on the Internet. Research results: the article examines the specifics of Russian search and recommendation systems, students' attitude to these services, and their place in their lives. The novelty and originality of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the search and recommendation services of the Internet space were studied. It is shown that these services were initially developed in the sphere of culture and gradually began to spread to other spheres of people's life, which attracted e-Commerce figures. It is revealed that those students who discovered search and recommendation services a few years ago still use them to choose leisure activities. It is shown that students still identify some disadvantages of these systems: inaccurate recommendations, a large number of questions to determine preferences. There is some distrust to new Internet technologies among those who are used to relying on their intuition when choosing. It is determined that students often use search and recommendation services, since in most cases gadgets help them spend their free time, have fun: read a book, watch a movie, listen to music. It is revealed that the majority of students trust Internet services, although they are not always satisfied with the recommendations. It is shown that the level of student-user confidence in traditional advertising and marketing decreases simultaneously. It is determined that from the point of view of students, today not only printed versions of Newspapers, traditional radio, but even mass broadcast television are losing ground before the Internet as the most promising communication channel. Practical significance: the data Obtained in this work can be used in marketing research, economic Sciences, advertising psychology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue

Tables as protocol for mass tests input in the Latin and other languages teacher’s personal information system interface: integrated technology for Word, Excel, Quizlet, Gift and Moodle

Under investigation is the combined use of the LMS MOODLE and special language teaching tools like QUIZLET. The core is the task of unification of the mass tests format and their import into LMS. The initial form of test arrays are WORD lists or EXCEL spreadsheets. The table structure of the AIST interface is proposed. The automated process of arrays converting from WORD and EXCEL tables to GIFT files for import into the MOODLE and QUIZLET is described. Shown that the use of the tabular interface makes anyone possible to implement an effective technology of mass test import into various language LMS

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Seasonal and inter-seasonal RSV activity in the European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic from autumn 2020 to summer 2022

© 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Background: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in early 2020 and subsequent implementation of public health and social measures (PHSM) disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This work describes the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed during two winter seasons (weeks 40–20) and inter-seasonal periods (weeks 21–39) during the pandemic between October 2020 and September 2022. Methods: Using data submitted to The European Surveillance System (TESSy) by countries or territories in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region between weeks 40/2020 and 39/2022, we aggregated country-specific weekly RSV counts of sentinel, non-sentinel and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance specimens and calculated percentage positivity. Results for both 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons and inter-seasons were compared with pre-pandemic 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons and inter-seasons. Results: Although more specimens were tested than in pre-COVID-19 pandemic seasons, very few RSV detections were reported during the 2020/21 season in all surveillance systems. During the 2021 inter-season, a gradual increase in detections was observed in all systems. In 2021/22, all systems saw early peaks of RSV infection, and during the 2022 inter-seasonal period, patterns of detections were closer to those seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: RSV surveillance continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with an initial reduction in transmission, followed by very high and out-of-season RSV circulation (summer 2021) and then an early start of the 2021/22 season. As of the 2022/23 season, RSV circulation had not yet normalised.Peer reviewe

International Student Enrollment Trends In the United States: Economic Perspectives

My dissertation covered issues relevant to the impact of international student enrollment on the finances of U.S. public universities and examines the increasing numbers of international students at those institutions between 2003 and 2018. All three studies utilized fixed-effects panel regression technique that is a perfect fit for an examination of questions around student enrollments. I used data from IPEDS, U.S. News and World report, 2009 Barron’s Competitiveness Index U.S. Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Conference of State Legislatures. In the first chapter, I explored how first-time international undergraduate enrollment contributes to the growth of net-tuition revenue at public research universities. The results showed that the magnitude of the relationship was small, suggesting that prestige-seeking and not financial rationale has been the major reason to recruit students from abroad. In the second chapter, I looked at the extent to which state support explains first-time international undergraduate enrollment patterns at public research universities. My analysis confirmed that international enrollment is an important channel through which selective public research universities buffer declines in state funding. In the third chapter, I looked at whether international student enrollment can affect access for domestic minority students in full-time MBA programs at public universities. This study showed that international enrollments do not reduce access for domestic minority students

”Det är svårt om man är ifrån helt olika planeter”. : En kvalitativ studie om hur utländska och svenska doktorander upplever att befinna sig i en etniskt heterogen akademisk arbetsmiljö

Sammanfattning Idag lever vi i en värld som blir allt mer globaliserad där människor reser i allt större utsträckning och av varierande anledningar. Olika kulturer möts dagligen och det ofrånkomligt att inte påverkas av dessa möten. Syftet med denna fenomenologiska studie är att tolka och förstå hur doktorander på nationalekonomiska institutionen upplever att befinna sig i en etniskt heterogen akademisk arbetsmiljö. Undersökningen har genomförts genom en kvalitativ studie med fenomenologisk metodansats. Fem halvstrukturerade intervjuer med utländska och svenska doktoranderna har genomförts med syftet att analysera materialet utifrån en fenomenologisk metod och tolka resultatet med hjälp av relevanta teorier och begrepp hämtade bl.a. från forskning om interkulturell kommunikation. De frågor som är i fokus är: hur kommunikation fungerar mellan doktoranderna, hur kulturell anpassning sker hos utländska doktorander, hur doktoranderna definierar sin identitet samt hur doktoranderna upplever känslor av gemenskap eller främlingskap i en etniskt heterogen akademisk arbetsmiljö. Resultatet visar att interkulturell kommunikation upplevs som en begränsning och misskommunikation är förekommande. Under den kulturella anpassningen upplevde de utländska doktoranderna förändringar i sina vanor, förändring i sitt åskådningsperspektiv samt identitetsförändringar. Doktoranderna upplevde kulturskillnader, känslor av gemenskap och främlingskap emellan varandra

Land use in agricultural landscapes with chernozems contaminated after Chernobyl accident: Can we be confident in radioecological safety of plant foodstuff?

Agricultural land use in the area of the post-Chernobyl Plavsk radioactive hotspot (Tula region, Central Russia) has raised a problem of radioecological safety of obtained plant foodstuff. Verification of 137Cs activities and inventories in components of “soil-plant” systems of the territory has been conducted in 2014–2017 in 10 agrosystems and 2 semi-natural meadows. It was revealed that density of 137Cs contamination of arable chernozems and alluvial calcareous soils nowadays varies in a range 140–220 kBq/m2 and exceeds radiation safety standard by ˜ 3.5–6 times. Deep plowing of the arable soils up to 30-cm in 1986–1987 resulted in decreasing of 137Cs inventories in rooting zone by ≈ 70% for crops cultivated with shallow disk plowing (wheat, barley), and by ≈ 35% for crops cultivated with middle plowing (buckwheat, amaranth, white mustard). The investigated plants and their compartments can be grouped on the basis of transfer factor values as follows: maize (stems and leaves) > amaranth > bromegrass > vegetation of dry meadow, galega, sunflower (seeds), vegetation of wet meadow > maize (grain), soybean (pods), barley (grain), buckwheat (grain), potatoes (tubers) > white mustard (seeds), wheat (grain). It is noticeable that generative plant compartments are characterized by less 137Cs activities in comparison with stems and leaves; and that 137Cs root uptake is not coincide with total flux of mineral nutrients in “soil-plant” systems. In sum, 137Cs soil-to-plant transfer in the area of the Plavsk radioactive hotspot is characterized by considerable discrimination, so 137Cs activities in plants are completely in accordance with national standards. Keywords: Radioactive soil contamination, Caesium-137 137Cs, Arable soils, “Soil-plant” system, Chernobyl accident, Radioecologically safe land us

Mental hygiene of interpersonal relations of student-managers in a megapolis

The article presents a psychological analysis of the behavior features and interpersonal relations of students-managers in a metropolis. The relevance of the present work is determined by the fact that for young people, higher education is associated with a change in their social status when they move from direct dependence on their parents to independent actions and active life in a big city. The specifics of the urban space of a metropolis have a strong influence on their mental state and understanding of the world around them. The popularity of the manager’s profession among young people entering universities has also contributed to the relevance of the study. Young people set themselves the goal of “learning to manage and lead.” The conditions of the big city impose special requirements on future managers, focusing them on the implementation of adaptive psychological functions. The manager’s ability to conform to social attitudes, to create a pleasant impression for others becomes for him a professionally important quality. As a result, students face a paradoxical situation involving a system of “double standards”. In this regard, they encounter difficulties in social adaptation and the formation of stable interpersonal relationships. To solve this problem, an empirical study was conducted, which allowed determining the values of the main strategies of interpersonal relations based on a comparative analysis of the basic ideas of first-year students. Empirical data were obtained based on the psychological method by L.N. Sobchik “Diagnostics of interpersonal relations” (DIR). The results obtained make it possible to carry out preventive psychohygienic activities with students to form their social adaptability and maintain mental health