Property-Denoting NPs and Non-Canonical Genitive Case

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Factors Associated with College Students\u27 Willingness and Readiness to Act in a Food Allergic Emergency

Problem/Significance: Food allergy is a growing public health concern in the United States affecting nearly 15 million Americans. According to FAIR Health (Gelburd, 2017), diagnoses of anaphylactic food reactions increased by 377% nationwide from 2007 to 2016, with 66% among patients 18 years or younger, and 34% in those over 18 years old. Several tragic incidents and lawsuits have occurred on college campuses in recent years raising concerns over the safety of college students experiencing a food allergic emergency. Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative descriptive correlational study is to identify factors associated with college students’ willingness and readiness to act in a Food Allergic Emergency (FAE) in a campus community. Being able to identify individuals who are willing and ready to act in FAEs would provide a foundation to guide policies related to stock Epinephrine autoinjectors and anaphylaxis, as well as training and education of unlicensed individuals on college campuses. Currently, no data have been published on college students’ readiness or willingness to act in FAEs. This study will contribute to the food allergy body of knowledge and to the development of policy for college communities. Methods: The sample for this study was drawn from a population of undergraduate and graduate students 17 years old and older enrolled in the Spring of 2017 semester for one or more credits at a suburban private Catholic college near the metropolitan New York area. The survey tool for this study was comprised of a combination of existing, modified and newly created instruments that were assembled to capture respondents’ self-report of Readiness to Act and Willingness to Act in an FAE. IRB approvals were obtained for the pilot of the initial tool, and later, for the full study. Consents were provided to the participants prior to completion of the pilot and full study surveys. The full study commenced after validity and reliability of the measurement tool was established. An email with a link to a Google forms survey was emailed to all students using the all-students distribution list, with an anticipated response rate of 10%. Email addresses were not collected to maintain anonymity. Data from the survey were analyzed in SPSS version 24. Factor analysis, correlations, ANOVA, t-test and regression analysis were used to describe the findings. Results: Cronbach’s alphas were reported on final measurement instruments based on a larger sample size as compared to the pilot sample size. Exploratory factor analysis examined factor validity of the instrument through factor loading results, indicating a two components structure. All components (knowledge, familiarity, experience, training and confidence) measuring readiness to act in an FAE loaded close together and were highly correlated with each other and with readiness to act. Components (fear and bystander’s response) measuring willingness to act also loaded close together and were correlated with each other and with willingness to act. Additionally, several demographic characteristics including age, having children, and college major had statistically significant correlations with readiness to act. Statistically significant correlations were found between age, having one or more child/children, college major and willingness to act in an FAE. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with five independent predictor variables, including age, health professions major, expressed desire to be trained, social desirability, and readiness to act as guided by the theoretical frameworks used in this study, indicating (R2 =.35) 35% of variability in willingness to act can be explained by these variables. Based on box and whiskers plots analysis by college major, students enrolled in nonhealth related majors expressed lower readiness to act, but higher willingness to act in an FAE. Conclusion/Implications: Students enrolled in health profession majors, those who are older and those with desire to be trained conveyed higher readiness to act and were more willing to act in an FAE. However, students in non-health related majors also expressed willingness to act, but reported lower level of readiness. Thus, establishing appropriate policies and training of willing individuals would be highly desirable to establish a pool of trained college students who can respond to an FAE in a college community. Data from this study may not be generalizable to all college campuses throughout the United States. Findings of this study may serve as a starting point for a larger population-based study as more lay people will have access to non-patientspecific Epinephrine auto-injectors and as the number of children and adults living with food allergies continues to spiral upwards

Heritage Languages: In the 'Wild' and in the Classroom

Heritage speakers are people raised in a home where one language is spoken who subsequently switch to another dominant language. The version of the home language that they have not completely acquired – heritage language – has only recently been given the attention it deserves from linguists and language instructors. Despite the appearance of great variation among heritage speakers, they fall along a continuum based upon the speakers' distance from the baseline language. Such a continuum-based model enables researchers and instructors to classify heritage speakers more accurately and readily. This article discusses the results of research on lower-proficiency speakers, identifying recurrent features of heritage languages in phonology, morphology, and syntax. Preliminary results indicate that different heritage languages share a number of structural similarities; this finding is important for the understanding of general processes involved in language acquisition. The article also presents implications of the main findings for language education and identifies areas needing further study.Linguistic

Classifiers and the mass-count distinction in Uzbek

The paper argues for the existence of the (NP-level) mass-count distinction in Tashkent Uzbek, an obligatory classifier dialect. Evidence is provided based on the distribution and interpretation of modifiers, classifiers and quantificational suffixes of different types, as well as properties of flexible and object mass nouns. A formal analysis is further provided that treats classifiers as sensitive to the mass-count distinction but not uniformly serving as “individuators” of otherwise mass nouns. Sortal classifiers are argued to differ from mensural ones in that only the latter contribute a measure function

What kind of speakers are these? Placing heritage speakers of Russian on a continuum

Peer reviewe

Aging Associated Specificity in Training Visual Short-Term Memory

There are numerous data in existence, the computerized cognitive training programs (CCTP) maintain or improve the plasticity of the neural networks in the brain. It is known as well that CCTP reduces the probability of cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging. In the chapter, the age-associated specificity in the temporal dynamics of changes in the visuospatial short-term memory (VSWM, also called visuospatial working memory) is presented. VSWM has been analyzed as there are evidence for age-related decline in visuospatial memory associated with hippocampus atrophy in aging. Memory retrieval decline in older women in comparison with young women while computerized training at home is shown. The elderly achieving results which are comparable to the youngs are determined by significantly increased duration while performing the memory tasks. To reveal factors of the CCTP’s efficiency, age-related differences in the attention systems using the Attention Network Test were resolved. In the group of older women, VSWM efficiency is negatively related to the errors of incongruent information selection whereas in young women—to the reaction time while testing. Thus, the success of long-term systematic training of visuospatial memory in old age is strongly related to the high level of executive control

Development of teacher self-efficacy for teaching in rural schools in the circumpolar north:Lessons for teacher education

Teachers across the circumpolar north often share similar experiences working in small communities in remote areas with distinctive cultures and livelihoods. However, teacher education programmes tend to be universal, ignoring an ecological understanding of teaching. This paper describes the findings from a desktop study investigating the specific demands made of teachers working in rural schools and the implications for teacher education in supporting them to develop the necessary self-efficacy for this role. The results indicate that attention to specific teaching and teacher competences is required but that this must be undertaken with an awareness of the importance of place-based education

Lipid homeostasis and inflammatory activation are disturbed in classically activated macrophages with peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency

Macrophage activation is characterized by pronounced metabolic adaptation. Classically activated macrophages show decreased rates of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and acquire a glycolytic state together with their pro-inflammatory phenotype. In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages require oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for their anti-inflammatoryfunction. Although it is evident that mitochondrial metabolism is regulated during macrophage polarization and essential for macrophagefunction, little is known on the regulation and role of peroxisomal -oxidation during macrophage activation. In this study, we show that peroxisomal -oxidation is strongly decreased in classically activated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and mildly induced in alternatively activated BMDM. To examine the role of peroxisomal -oxidation in macrophages, we used Mfp2(-/-) BMDM lacking the key enzyme of this pathway. Impairment of peroxisomal -oxidation in Mfp2(-/-) BMDM did not cause lipid accumulation but rather an altered distribution of lipid species with very-long-chain fatty acids accumulating in the triglyceride and phospholipid fraction. These lipid alterations in Mfp2(-/-) macrophages led to decreased inflammatory activation of Mfp2(-/-) BMDM and peritoneal macrophages evidenced by impaired production of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but did not affect anti-inflammatory polarization. The disturbed inflammatory responses of Mfp2(-/-) macrophages did not affect immune cell infiltration, as mice with selective elimination of MFP2 from myeloid cells showed normal monocyte and neutrophil influx upon challenge with zymosan. Together, these data demonstrate that peroxisomal -oxidation is involved in fine-tuning the phenotype of macrophages, probably by influencing the dynamic lipid profile during macrophage polarization

Flexible high efficiency perovskite solar cells

Flexible perovskite based solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 7% have been prepared on PET based conductive substrates. Extended bending of the devices does not deteriorate their performance demonstrating their suitability for roll to roll processing

Genome sequence and functional genomic analysis of the oil-degrading bacterium Oleispira antarctica

M.K. and P.N.G. designed the work; T.N.C. performed physiological studies; M.K., M.F., Y.A.-R., A.B., N.L.-C., M.E.G., O.R.K., T.Y.N., S.K., I.L., O.V.G., M.M.Y. R.R. and P.N.G. were associated with genome annotation; H.J.H. performed lipids and FAME analysis; M.F., M-l.F., S.J., S.C. and J.P.A performed chaperonin anti-proteome analysis; A.-x. S., O.K., O.E., P.A.P., P.S. and Y.K. were associated with structural proteomics; A.T. and R.F. were associated with functional proteomics; H.L. performed electron microscopy; R.D. performed real-time PCR; M.M.-G. and M.F. performed DIGE proteome analysis; M.G. was involved in siderophore production; O.N.R. performed genomic islands’ analysis; H.T. performed storage lipid compounds’ analysis; P.N.G. coordinated manuscript writing.Accession Codes: The genome sequence of Oleispira antarctica RB-8 has been deposited in GenBank under accession core FO203512. Protein structures have deposited in PDB under accession codes 3QVM (a/b hydrolase, OLEAN_C08020), 3QVQ (phosphodiesterase, OLEAN_C20330), 3M16 (transaldolase, OLEAN_C18160), 3LQY (isochorismatase, OLEAN_C07660), 3LNP (amidohydrolase, OLEAN_C13880), 3V77/3L53 (fumarylacetoacetate isomerase/hydrolase, OLEAN_C35840), 3VCR/3LAB (2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, OLEAN_C25130), 3IRU (phoshonoacetaldehyde hydrolase, OLEAN_C33610), 3I4Q (inorganic pyrophosphatase, OLEAN_C30460), 3LMB (protein with unknown function, OLEAN_C10530).Ubiquitous bacteria from the genus Oleispira drive oil degradation in the largest environment on Earth, the cold and deep sea. Here we report the genome sequence of Oleispira antarctica and show that compared with Alcanivorax borkumensis—the paradigm of mesophilic hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria—O. antarctica has a larger genome that has witnessed massive gene-transfer events. We identify an array of alkane monooxygenases, osmoprotectants, siderophores and micronutrient-scavenging pathways. We also show that at low temperatures, the main protein-folding machine Cpn60 functions as a single heptameric barrel that uses larger proteins as substrates compared with the classical double-barrel structure observed at higher temperatures. With 11 protein crystal structures, we further report the largest set of structures from one psychrotolerant organism. The most common structural feature is an increased content of surface-exposed negatively charged residues compared to their mesophilic counterparts. Our findings are relevant in the context of microbial cold-adaptation mechanisms and the development of strategies for oil-spill mitigation in cold environments.We acknowledge the funding from the EU Framework Program 7 to support Projects MAMBA (226977), ULIXES (266473), MAGIC PAH (245226) and MICROB3 (287589) This work received the support of the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (grant 2009-OGI-ABC-1405 to A.F.Y. and A.S.), and the U.S. Government National Institutes of Health (grants GM074942 and GM094585 (to A.S. through Midwest Center for Structural Genomics). The study was supported by the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through project KU 2679/2-1 and BU 890/21-1. We thank the sequencing team of the AG Reinhardt for technical assistance and Alfred Beck for computational support. The skilful work of electron microscopic sample preparation by Mrs. Ingeborg Kristen (Dept. VAM, HZI Braunschweig) is gratefully acknowledged. Authors thank Professor Ken Timmis for his critical reading the manuscript and useful comments.http://www.nature.com/naturecommunicationsam201