Las cuotas de género en el municipio de La Paz, Estado de México y la construcción de sujetos políticos. Un enfoque de género. 2009-2012

Este artículo ofrece conocer el tema de las cuotas de género y cuál es el aporte para la construcción de las mujeresregidoras como sujetos políticos capaces de incidir en la política local en el municipio de La Paz, Estado deMéxico, desde un enfoque de género. También fue importante identificar los factores culturales (patriarcales),políticos (intereses) que obstaculizan o impulsan su participación política y las prácticas que las promuevencomo sujetos políticos. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa. La técnica manejada fue la entrevista semi-estructurada en donde se exploró el discurso y la subjetividad de las y los entrevistados. Los resultados describenque las cuotas de género son apenas perceptibles a nivel local, donde existe una cultura política patriarcal queno contribuye a la construcción de una ciudadanía política. Esta barrera cultural se opone a la intervención delas mujeres en los asuntos públicos por su condición de género

Orbital character effects in the photon energy and polarization dependence of pure C60 photoemission

Recent direct experimental observation of multiple highly-dispersive C$_{60}$ valence bands has allowed for a detailed analysis of the unique photoemission traits of these features through photon energy- and polarization-dependent measurements. Previously obscured dispersions and strong photoemission traits are now revealed by specific light polarizations. The observed intensity effects prove the locking in place of the C$_{60}$ molecules at low temperatures and the existence of an orientational order imposed by the substrate chosen. Most importantly, photon energy- and polarization-dependent effects are shown to be intimately linked with the orbital character of the C$_{60}$ band manifolds which allows for a more precise determination of the orbital character within the HOMO-2. Our observations and analysis provide important considerations for the connection between molecular and crystalline C$_{60}$ electronic structure, past and future band structure studies, and for increasingly popular C$_{60}$ electronic device applications, especially those making use of heterostructures

A Book and its Cover: The effects of dynamic and static facial expressions on the perction of personality traits

This study used three dynamic and three static images of older adult men depicting either smiling, scowling, or neutral facial expressions to examine the influence of motion on emotion identification and stereotype activation, specifically the Halo Effect, in older adults (55-85 years). To that end, two hypotheses emerged: 1) older adults will be more accurate in identifying facial expressions when viewing dynamic facial expressions than static facial expressions, and 2) participants exposed to the dynamic stimuli would experience greater levels of the Halo Effect with the greatest levels in the smiling facial expression condition. A 2 (stimulus type: dynamic and static) x 3 (Facial expression: smile, neutral, scowl) mixed design was used. Two hundred participants between the ages of 55 and 85 years, viewed either a dynamic model exhibiting smiling, neutral, and scowling facial expressions, or a static model exhibiting smiling, neutral, and scowling facial expressions. To investigate the role of motion on emotion identification an emotion accuracy question was used. Additionally, two measures assessed the presence of the Halo Effect: The Self-Assessment Manikin (e.g., arousal, dominance, and pleasure) and four social perception questions (e.g., attractiveness, honesty, pleasing to look at, and threatening). Results indicate that participants were more accurate when identifying static scowling and smiling facial expressions and the dynamic neutral facial expression. Participants also attributed more positive traits to static rather than dynamic facial expressions

Participación política de las mujeres en el Ayuntamiento de la Paz, Estado de México 2009-2012: más allá de las cuotas de género.

El propósito de esta investigación es indagar el impacto de las cuotas de género para la inclusión de las mujeres en la arena política e impulsar su participación e integración en el juego por el poder. Las cuotas de género son acciones afirmativas1 y/o discriminación positiva, herramientas que han surgido después de un largo proceso histórico, mediante el cual, las mujeres fueron relegadas al orden de lo privado, restringiéndolas de participar en los asuntos públicos y en la toma de decisiones en un sistema político. De acuerdo con Alma Arámbula Reyes (2008), las cuotas de género o la discriminación positiva pretenden establecer políticas que favorezcan a un sector social desfavorecido que haya sido discriminado, con el objeto de mejorar su calidad de vida, como es el caso de las mujeres, quienes reflejan en su participación política el atraso histórico que han tenido. Esto contrasta de manera singular con el discurso de la democracia contemporánea, que plantea opciones como, libertades, apertura, participación, rendición de cuentas, transparencia, ciudadanía efectiva, respeto y fomento de los derechos humanos, entre otros rubros, sin embargo, las mujeres aún se topan con obstáculos que no les permite participar efectiva y plenamente, de ahí que las cuotas de género son un instrumento que posibilita su inclusión

Investigating the effects of APSIM model configuration on model outputs across different environments

IntroductionSoil type plays a major role in nutrient dynamics and soil water which impacts crop growth and yield. The influence of soil characteristics on crop growth is usually evaluated through field experimentation (in the short term) and through crop-soil modelling (in the long-term). However, there has been limited research which has looked at the effect of model structural uncertainty of model outputs in different soil types.MethodsTo analyze the impact of soil inputs on model structural uncertainty, we developed eight model structures (a combination of two crop models, two soil water models and two irrigation models) within the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) across three soil types (Ferralsols, Alisols and Chernozems). By decomposing the mean proportion of variance and simulated values of the model outputs (yield, irrigation, drainage, nitrogen leaching and partial gross margin) we identified the influence of soil type on the magnitude of model structural uncertainty.ResultsFor all soil types, crop model was the most significant source of structural uncertainty, contributing >60% to variability for most modelled variables, except irrigation demand which was dominated by the choice of irrigation model applied. Relative to first order interactions, there were minimal (<12%) contributions to uncertainty from the second order interactions (i.e., inter-model components). We found that a higher mean proportion of variance does not necessarily imply a high magnitude of uncertainty in actual values. Despite the significant impact of the choice of crop model on yield and PGM variance (contributing over 90%), the small standard deviations in simulated yield (ranging from 0.2 to 1 t ha-1) and PGM (ranging from 50.6 to 374.4 USD ha-1) compared to the mean values (yield: 14.6 t ha-1, PGM: 4901 USD ha-1) indicate relatively low actual uncertainty in the values. Similarly, the choice of irrigation model had a contribution of over 45% to variance, but the relatively small standard deviations ranging from 11 to 33.3 mm compared to the overall mean irrigation of 500 mm suggest low actual uncertainty in the values. In contrast, for the environmental variables- drainage and nitrogen leaching, the choice of crop model had contributions of more than 60% and 70% respectively, yet the relatively large standard deviations ranging from 7.1 to 30.6 mm and 0.6 to 7.7 kg ha-1 respectively, compared to the overall mean values of drainage (44.4 mm) and nitrogen leaching (3.2 kg ha-1), indicate significant actual uncertainty.DiscussionWe identified the need to include not only fractional variance of model uncertainty, but also magnitude of the contribution in measured units (e.g. t ha-1, mm, kg ha-1, USD ha-1) for crop model uncertainty assessments to provide more useful agronomic or policy decision-making information. The findings of this study highlight the sensitivity of agricultural models to the impacts of moisture availability, suggesting that it is important to give more attention to structural uncertainty when modelling dry/wet conditions depending on the output analyzed

The Influence of Family Upbringing on the Facial Inference Process

This study examined personality trait inferences on the basis of facial expressions by showing participants multiple photographs of either one young female face or one young male face, exhibiting three distinct facial expressions. Participants from two parent homes were asked to indicate which parent was more nurturing, and which parent enacted more disciplinary measures. Results demonstrated that responses to these two questions influenced participant trait responses to the angry and sad facial expressions. Results were discussed in terms of overall environmental influence on the inference causal attribution process

Estimación de disponibilidad forrajera de pasturas base alfalfa y verdeos invernales en el sudoeste de Entre Ríos

La disponibilidad forrajera es la variable más importante para estimar la capacidad de carga animal en pasturas perennes base alfalfa (PP) y verdeos invernales anuales (VI) del sudoeste de Entre Ríos. A pesar de su importancia, existe escasa información acerca de métodos para su estimación en estos ambientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue calibrar y validar modelos matemáticos que permitan estimar disponibilidad forrajera (i.e. biomasa aérea [BA] acumulada en un tiempo determinado) a partir de la altura de forraje comprimido (AFC). En general, la estimación de BA en base anual (R2=0.68 y R2=0.78, PP y VV respectivamente) y estacional (R2=0.67-0.74 y R2=0.71-0.83 PP y VV, respectivamente) fue satisfactoria (calibración). Asimismo, el ajuste de los modelos fue satisfactorio cuando fueron testeados con datos independientes (validación; CCC [coeficiente de correlación de concordancia]=0.68-0.77). La relación BA/AFC fue mayor para el estrato >=10 cm. El arreglo espacial de las especies generó una menor densidad de forraje en el estrato <10 cm entre PP y VI. Estos modelos podrían ser utilizados para estimar BA en el rango de alturas de 5-30 cm, compatible con los umbrales de pastoreo habituales en el sudoeste de Entre Ríos.Forage availability is the most important variable for estimating livestock stock rates in alfalfa-based perennial pastures (PP) and forage winter crops (VI) in the southwest of Entre Rios, Argentina. Despite its importance, there is little information about methods for estimating forage availability under these environments. The objective of this paper was to calibrate and validate mathematical models that allow to estimate forage availability (i.e. accumulated aerial biomass [BA] in a period) from the height of compressed forage (AFC). In general, the estimation of BA on annual (R2=0.68 and R2=0.78, PP and VV respectively) and seasonal basis (R2=0.67-0.74 and R2=0.71-0.83 PP and VV, respectively) was satisfactory (calibration). Likewise, the model’s accuracy was satisfactory when they were tested with an independent dataset (validation, CCC [concordance correlation coefficient]=0.68-0.77). The BA/AFC ratio was greater for the forage stratum >=10 cm. The spatial arrangement of the species generated a lower density of forage in the forage stratum <10 cm between PP and VI. These models could be used to estimate BA in the range of forage height of 5-30 cm, compatible with the usual grazing thresholds in the southwest of Entre Rios.EEA ParanáFil: Ojeda, Jonathan. The University of Queensland. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; AustraliaFil: Ojeda, Jonathan. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Quinodóz, Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lezana, Lucrecia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Lezana, Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Implementación de mejora para incrementar la productividad en el proceso de reparación mecánica de equipos de aire acondicionado en un edificio administrativo de una empresa financiera, Lima, 2016 y 2017

RESUMEN En el cada vez más competitivo mundo de los negocios, la eficiencia con la que se realizan los diferentes procesos se han convertido en un factor esencial para incrementar la productividad de las empresas. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar en qué medida la implementación de mejora incrementa la productividad en el proceso de reparación mecánica de equipos de aire acondicionado en una empresa financiera. En la primera etapa se analizó los datos de las fallas en los equipos de aire acondicionados para poder determinar cuáles eras las incidencias más recurrentes que generaban mayor costo en el periodo 2016, para ello se usó los registros mensuales en la partida de aire acondicionado. Se capacito al personal que realizaba las reparaciones a los equipos aumentando si nivel de conocimiento promedio en un 37.5% para generar mayor confiabilidad en el proceso de reparación. En la segunda etapa se analizó las actividades dentro del proceso de reparación de fuga el cual era el que generaba mayor gasto con la finalidad de optimizar los tiempos incurridos en esta reparación al disminuir transportes y demoras que estaban integradas en las actividades. Se estableció procedimientos e implementó herramientas con las que se logró optimizar los tiempos generando un reducción del 26.2% en la inversión de tiempo que tomaba este proceso. Por último, se analizó los costos generados comparativos entre los periodos 2016 y 2017 para determinar la reducción de los costos con la implementación de mejora realizada en la reparación de fuga. El estudio realizado nos indica que se redujeron el costo de reparaciones de fuga en 77.8%.ABSTRACT In the increasingly competitive business world, the efficiency with which different processes are carried out has become an essential factor in increasing the productivity of companies. The general objective of this research is to determine to what extent the implementation of improvement increases productivity in the mechanical repair process of air conditioning equipment in a financial company. In the first stage, the data of the failures in the air conditioning equipment was analyzed in order to determine which were the most recurrent incidents that generated the highest cost in the 2016 period, for which the monthly records in the air conditioning item were used. The personnel that carried out the repairs to the equipment were trained, increasing their average level of knowledge by 37.5% in order to generate greater reliability in the repair process. In the second stage, the activities within the leak repair process were analyzed, which generated the greatest expense in order to optimize the time incurred in this repair by reducing transport and delays that were integrated into the activities. Procedures were established and tools were implemented with which time was optimized, generating a 26.2% reduction in the time investment that this process took. Finally, the comparative costs generated between the 2016 and 2017 periods were analyzed to determine the reduction of costs with the implementation of improvement made in the leak repair. The study indicates that the cost of leak repairs was reduced by 77.8%

Evaluation of Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) as yield predictor of Panicum virgatum and Miscanthus x giganteus in several US environments

Simulation models for perennial energy crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) can be useful tools to design management strategies for biomass productivity improvement in US environments. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) is a biophysical model with the potential to simulate the growth of perennial crops. APSIM crop modules do not exist for switchgrass and Miscanthus, however, re‐parameterization of existing APSIM modules could be used to simulate the growth of these perennials. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of APSIM to predict the dry matter (DM) yield of switchgrass and Miscanthus at several US locations. The Lucerne (for switchgrass) and Sugarcane (for Miscanthus) APSIM modules were calibrated using data from four locations in Indiana. A sensitivity analysis informed the relative impact of changes in plant and soil parameters of APSIM Lucerne and APSIM Sugarcane modules. An independent dataset of switchgrass and Miscanthus DM yields from several US environments was used to validate these re‐parameterized APSIM modules. The re‐parameterized modules simulated DM yields of switchgrass [0.95 for CCC (concordance correlation coefficient) and 0 for SB (bias of the simulation from the measurement)] and Miscanthus (0.65 and 0% for CCC and SB, respectively) accurately at most locations with the exception of switchgrass at southern US sites (0.01 for CCC and 2% for SB). Therefore, the APSIM model is a promising tool for simulating DM yields for switchgrass and Miscanthus while accounting for environmental variability. Given our study was strictly based on APSIM calibrations at Indiana locations, additional research using more extensive calibration data may enhance APSIM robustness.Fil: Ojeda, Jonathan Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Volenec, Jeffrey J.. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Brouder, Sylvie M.. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Caviglia, Octavio Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Agnusdei, Mónica G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin