29 research outputs found

    IL-21/type I interferon interplay regulates neutrophil-dependent innate immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus

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    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major hospital- and communityacquired pathogen, but the mechanisms underlying host-defense to MRSA remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of IL-21 in this process. When administered intratracheally into wild-type mice, IL-21 induced granzymes and augmented clearance of pulmonary MRSA but not when neutrophils were depleted or a granzyme B inhibitor was added. Correspondingly, IL-21 induced MRSA killing by human peripheral blood neutrophils. Unexpectedly, however, basal MRSA clearance was also enhanced when IL-21 signaling was blocked, both in Il21r KO mice and in wild-type mice injected with IL-21R-Fc fusion-protein. This correlated with increased type I interferon and an IFN-related gene signature, and indeed antiIFNAR1 treatment diminished MRSA clearance in these animals. Moreover, we found that IFNb induced granzyme B and promoted MRSA clearance in a granzyme B-dependent fashion. These results reveal an interplay between IL-21 and type I IFN in the innate immune response to MRS

    Optical coherence tomography—current technology and applications in clinical and biomedical research

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    ĐšĐ”Ń€Đ°ĐŒŃ–ĐșĐ° «terra sigillata» Đ· с. Đ—ĐžĐŒĐœĐ” ĐœĐ° Đ’ĐŸĐ»ĐžĐœŃ–

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    Стаття просĐČŃŃ‡Đ”ĐœĐ° ĐżŃƒĐ±Đ»Ń–Đșації Ń‡ĐŸŃ‚ĐžŃ€ŃŒĐŸŃ… ĐșĐ”Ń€Đ°ĐŒŃ–Ń‡ĐœĐžŃ… ĐżĐŸŃŃƒĐŽĐžĐœ топу «terra sigillata», Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐčĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃ… ĐœĐ° ĐŽĐœŃ– р. Луго у с. Đ—ĐžĐŒĐœĐ” Đ’ĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐžŃ€-Đ’ĐŸĐ»ĐžĐœŃŃŒĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ раĐčĐŸĐœŃƒ Đ’ĐŸĐ»ĐžĐœŃŃŒĐșĐŸŃ— ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ŃŃ‚Ń–. ĐŸĐŸĐżĐ”Ń€Đ”ĐŽĐœŃ–Đč Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»Ń–Đ· цох Đ·ĐœĐ°Ń…Ń–ĐŽĐŸĐș ĐŽĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ŃŃ” ĐČŃ–ĐŽĐœĐ”ŃŃ‚Đž їх ĐŽĐŸ ĐŸĐŸĐœŃ‚Ń–ĐčсьĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń†Đ”ĐœŃ‚Ń€Ńƒ ĐČĐžŃ€ĐŸĐ±ĐœĐžŃ†Ń‚ĐČĐ° таĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐżĐŸŃŃƒĐŽŃƒ. Đ’Ń–Ń€ĐŸĐłŃ–ĐŽĐœĐžĐŒ ŃˆĐ»ŃŃ…ĐŸĐŒ ĐżĐŸŃ‚Ń€Đ°ĐżĐ»ŃĐœĐœŃ цієї ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ”Đșції ĐœĐ° Đ’ĐŸĐ»ĐžĐœŃŒ була ĐłĐŸŃ‚ŃŃŒĐșĐ° Đ”ĐșŃĐżĐ°ĐœŃŃ–Ń у ПіĐČĐœŃ–Ń‡ĐœĐ” ĐŸŃ€ĐžŃ‡ĐŸŃ€ĐœĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ€â€™Ń

    Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

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    Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

    Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

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    Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≀0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

    Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5−4.5 M⊙ compact object and a neutron star

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    Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

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    Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
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