Artur Laska, Teoria polityki. Próba ujęcia integralnego

Artur Laska, Teoria polityki. Próba ujęcia integralneg

Modulation and modulators of political relations : political theory approach

The article aims to explain the phenomenon of modulation of political relations and to present the proposition of theoretical systematization of modulators of political relations. It is based on meta-theoretical analysis of the nature of modulation and modulators. The categories of modulation and modulators seem to have a significant explanatory utility on the ground of political theory as they refer to the problem of regulation, correction, adjustment, and homeostasis of political relations. The paper is an invitation to further studies in the field of political theory on the title issue, indicating possible directions of prospective inquiries

Podziały społeczno-polityczne - tezy teoretyczne

The article provides an overview of theoretical assumptions, which are crucial from the perspective of research aiming at characterization and explanation of socio-political divisions – its essence, structure, dynamics, and functions. It is an authorial attempt – based on the author’s experiences in the field of research on socio-political divisions – to meet the demand for condensed political science knowledge concerning divisions, which could serve as a starting point for research on these phenomena. The paper presents key theoretical theses on socio-political divisions, which are worth bearing in mind while organizing research on divisions, and which should be taken into account in the process of formulation of political theories. On the basis of the presented theses, divisions appear to be multidimensional socio-political phenomena of processual nature, having certain contextual sources, specific structure and features, character and dynamics, being fields of political meanings, as well as reflecting some important functions to social and political life.Niniejszy artykuł stanowi omówienie założeń teoretycznych, mających zasadnicze znaczenie z perspektywy badań ukierunkowanych na charakterystykę i wyjaśnianie podziałów społeczno-politycznych – ich istoty, struktury, dynamiki i funkcji. Jest to autorska próba, oparta na doświadczeniach badawczych autora nad podziałami społeczno-politycznymi, wyjścia naprzeciw zapotrzebowaniu na skondensowaną wiedzę politologiczną dotyczącą podziałów, mogącą służyć za punkt wyjścia do badań nad tymi fenomenami. Artykuł prezentuje kluczowe tezy teoretyczne na temat podziałów społeczno-politycznych, które warto mieć na uwadze, organizując badania nad podziałami, oraz które powinny być uwzględniane w procesie formułowania teorii politycznych. Na podstawie tych tez podziały jawią się jako wielowymiarowe zjawiska społeczno-polityczne o procesualnej naturze, mające określone, kontekstualne źródła, swoistą strukturę i cechy, charakter i dynamikę, będące polami znaczeń politycznych, a także wykazujące pewne istotne funkcje względem życia społecznego i politycznego

Identyfikowanie śladów polityki rozłamowej w dokumentach ideowo-programowych partii politycznych: założenia metodologiczno-teoretyczne

Articulation of ideological and political position gains special importance in the conditions of cleavage. Structuring of a cleavage and political behavior distinctive to it are to some – albeit considerable – extent dependent on coherent and well-organized political expression of beliefs and postulates, addressed to certain social groups. It is an important role of party manifestos to organize relations between parties and their widely understood socio-political environment. On that account searching for traces of cleavage politics in party manifestos is so important, because some of the statements contained in such documents gain specific sense just in the conditions of cleavage. The aim of this paper is to deliver some research guidelines for those political science studies that aim at identification of traces of cleavage politics in party manifestos, especially bearing in mind Polish political conditions. The study was prepared on the basis of criteria derived from theories of socio-political cleavages, as well as theoretical criteria concerning the functions of party manifestos, integrating dispersed theoretical knowledge and empirical findings. The article points to crucial methodological and theoretical assumptions, as well as directions of research on cleavage politics in matters set in the title of the paper

Potencjał poznawczy łączonej teorii polityki i teorii prawa. Garść argumentów na rzecz ściślejszej współpracy politologów (teoretyków polityki) i prawników (teoretyków prawa) oraz tworzenia wspólnego programu naukowego

The aims of the paper are: outlining the perspectives for common scientific research between political theorists and legal theorists; presenting theses and postulates in favor of closer cooperation of these two groups of scholars; as well as initiating a debate within political science and legal science communities in this matter. The article provides clear answer to the question: Political theory and legal theory – together or separately? The problem expressed in this question is significant and deserves extensive discussion of representatives of the two scientific subdisciplines. Broad traditions of common theoretical research, on one hand, and contemporary challenges, on the other, provide many arguments in favor of restoration of research cooperation.Celami artykułu są: nakreślenie perspektyw wspólnych badań naukowych teoretyków polityki i teorii prawa, przedstawienie tez i postulatów na rzecz ściślejszej współpracy tych dwóch grup uczonych, a także zainicjowanie debaty środowiska politologiczno-prawniczego w tym zakresie. Opracowanie stanowi klarowną odpowiedź na pytanie: teoria polityki i teoria prawa – razem czy osobno? Problem wyrażony w tym pytaniu jest doniosły i domaga się szerokiej dyskusji przedstawicieli obu subdyscyplin naukowych. Rozległe tradycje wspólnej refleksji teoretycznej z jednej strony i wyzwania współczesności z drugiej dostarczają wielu argumentów za wznowieniem kooperacji badawczej

Cognitive potential of a combined political and legal theory : a handful of arguments in favor of closer cooperation between political scientists (political theorists) and legal scholars (legal theorists), and creation of common scientific program

Celami artykułu są: nakreślenie perspektyw wspólnych badań naukowych teoretyków polityki i teorii prawa, przedstawienie tez i postulatów na rzecz ściślejszej współpracy tych dwóch grup uczonych, a także zainicjowanie debaty środowiska politologiczno-prawniczego w tym zakresie. Opracowanie stanowi klarowną odpowiedź na pytanie: teoria polityki i teoria prawa - razem czy osobno? Problem wyrażony w tym pytaniu jest doniosły i domaga się szerokiej dyskusji przedstawicieli obu subdyscyplin naukowych. Rozległe tradycje wspólnej refleksji teoretycznej z jednej strony i wyzwania współczesności z drugiej dostarczają wielu argumentów za wznowieniem kooperacji badawczej.The aims of the paper are: outlining the perspectives for common scientific research between political theorists and legal theorists; presenting theses and postulates in favor of closer cooperation of these two groups of scholars; as well as initiating a debate within political science and legal science communities in this matter. The article provides clear answer to the question: Political theory and legal theory - together or separately? The problem expressed in this question is significant and deserves extensive discussion of representatives of the two scientific subdisciplines. Broad traditions of common theoretical research, on one hand, and contemporary challenges, on the other, provide many arguments in favor of restoration of research cooperation

Use of preclinical models for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer most commonly caused by prior exposure to asbestos. Median survival is 12-18 months, since surgery is ineffective and chemotherapy offers minimal benefit. Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the genomic and histopathological features of cancer are critical for the development of new treatments. The most commonly used models of MPM are two-dimensional cell lines established from primary tumours or pleural fluid. While these have provided some important insights into MPM biology, these cell models have significant limitations. In order to address some of these limitations, spheroids and microfluidic chips have more recently been used to investigate the role of the three-dimensional environment in MPM. Efforts have also been made to develop animal models of MPM, including asbestos-induced murine tumour models, MPM-prone genetically modified mice and patient-derived xenografts. Here, we discuss the available in vitro and in vivo models of MPM and highlight their strengths and limitations. We discuss how newer technologies, such as the tumour-derived organoids, might allow us to address the limitations of existing models and aid in the identification of effective treatments for this challenging-to-treat disease.MS and JO are supported by BLF-Papworth Fellowships from the British Lung Foundation and the Victor Dahdaleh Foundation. MJG and HEF is supported by the British Lung Foundation and Wellcome Trust grant 206194. RCR is supported by the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, British Lung Foundation and Royal Papworth Hospital. SJM is supported by the Medical Research Council, British Lung Foundation, Cambridge BRC, Royal Papworth Hospital, and the Alpha1-Foundatio

Avoiding the Great Filter : predicting the timeline for humanity to reach Kardashev Type I civilization

The level of technological development of any civilization can be gauged in large part by the amount of energy it produces for its use, but also encompasses that civilization’s stewardship of its home world. Following the Kardashev definition, a Type I civilization is able to store and use all the energy available on its planet. In this study, we develop a model based on Carl Sagan’s K formula, and use this model to analyze the consumption and energy supply of the three most important energy sources: fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas, crude, NGL, and feedstocks), nuclear energy, and renewable energy. We also consider environmental limitations suggested by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and those specific to our calculations, to predict when humanity will reach the level of a Kardashev Scale Type I civilization. Our findings suggest that the best estimate for our civilization to attain Type I status is within the common calendar year range of 2333 to 2404