The level of blood plasma mitochondrial DNA upon acute myocardium damage in experiment

The aim of the present investigation is to study the level of plasma mtDNA as a potential marker of cardiomyocyte damage in 2 and 4 h after subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and during the formed morphological alterations of the myocardium (3 days). Methods. Real time PCR. Male Wistar rats were used as the experimental animals. Results. It was shown that during the increase in the activity of cytolysis biomarkers, at the first hours after adrenaline injection, no reliable increase is observed in the level of free circulating blood mtDNA. A tendency of 2.5-fold increase in this parameter was established at the third day after adrenaline injection during the development of acute inflammatory process in the myocardium. On the whole, further researches are needed on the dynamics of mtDNA level upon acute damage of the myocardium in experimental and clinical investigations for unbiased estimation of the prospects of using the parameter in laboratory diagnostics. Keywords: mitochondrial DNA, cardiovascular diseases, adrenaline myocarditis, cytolysis biomarkers.Цель. Изучить уровень мтДНК плазмы крови как возможного маркера повреждений кардиомиоцитов через 2 и 4 ч после подкожной инъекции адреналина и на фоне сформированных морфологических изменений миокарда (3-и сут). Методы. Полимеразная цепная реакция в реальном времени. В экспериментах использовали самцов крыс линии Вистар. Результаты. Показано, что наряду с увеличением активности биомаркеров цитолиза в первые часы после введения адреналина значимого повышения уровня свободно циркулирующей мтДНК крови не происходит. Установлена тенденция к 2,5-кратному возрастанию данного показателя на 3-и сут после инъекции адреналина на фоне развития острого воспалительного процесса в миокарде. Выводы. В целом для объективной оценки перспектив этого показателя в лабораторной диагностике инфаркта миокарда необходимо дальнейшее изучение динамики уровня мтДНК при острых повреждениях миокарда в экспериментальных и клинических исследованиях. Ключевые слова: митохондриальная ДНК, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, адреналиновый миокардит, биомаркеры цитолиза.Мета. Вивчити рівень мтДНК плазми крові як можливого маркера пошкоджень кардіоміоцитиів через 2 і 4 год після підшкірної ін’єкції адреналіну та на фоні сформованих морфологічних змін міокарда (3-тя доба). Методи. Полімеразна ланцюгова реакція у реальному часі. В експериментах використано самців щурів лінії Вістар. Результати. Показано, що поряд із збільшенням активності біомаркерів цитолізу в перші години після введення адреналіну суттєвого підвищення рівня вільно циркулюючої мтДНК крові не відбувається. Встановлено тенденцію до 2,5-разового зростання даного показника на 3-тю добу після ін’кції адреналіну на фоні розвитку гострого запального процесу в міокарді. Висновки. У цілому для об’єктивної оцінки перспектив цього показника у лабораторній діагностиці інфаркта міокарда необхідно подальше вивчення динаміки рівня мтДНК при гострих ураженнях міокарда в експериментальних і клінічних дослідженнях. Ключові слова: мітохондріальна ДНК, серцево-судинні захворювання, адреналіновий міокардит, біомаркери цитолізу

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Foreign experience in social and educational inclusion of people with limited health abilities evidenced from the study of higher education

In the last fifteen years, following global trends of humanization of social life, the formation of barrier-free environment for people with disabilities began and attention to the problem of education for people with disabilities increased dramatically. The article provides a brief overview of the history of education for disabled people in the context of developing a social model of disability. The main attention is focused on the reviewing of international experience covering higher education of disabled people. The results of foreign studies of learning problems of students with disabilities highlighted that despite the fact that in many developed countries a number of reforms was implemented in order to increase access to higher education for disabled people there are still some barriers and difficulties for this category of students. The paper emphasizes the key role of education in the social inclusion of disabled people

Model of Forecasting the Social News Events on the Basis of Stochastic Dynamics Methods

For a description of the information space it is introduced a vector representation of the constituent text documents that are bound by the events described in the timeline. The predicted event is also represented by a vector obtained on the base of its text description. The mean value of projections of the information space in the direction of the vector of predicted events at different time points is considered as a set of information system states. It is also entered the change values of states. To describe transitions between states is used a probabilistic approach and the difference transition scheme. This makes it possible to get the dependence of the time for the value of the probability density for the event “detection information system in a state” in the form of a second order differential equation. On the basis of this equation is formulated and solved the boundary problem. Carried out by the authors the analysis of the stochastic dynamics of achievement a threshold of realization of news events has allowed the establishing of the ability to increase the probability of transition almost simultaneously with the beginning of the process of the news cluster structure changing. This is due to the presence of the memory of previous states in the information system and the possibility of self-description, as a result of accounting in the differential model information processes on the basis of the second derivative over time. In addition, the proposed model demonstrates the possibility of sudden changes in the probability of crossing the threshold of events and takes into account the presence of oscillations in her behavior. Based on the model developed it is proposed the algorithm for analysis of news clusters relationship in the information field with the possibility of occurrence of the predicted event, and determined the possible time of its implementation

Model of Forecasting the Social News Events on the Basis of Stochastic Dynamics Methods

For a description of the information space it is introduced a vector representation of the constituent text documents that are bound by the events described in the timeline. The predicted event is also represented by a vector obtained on the base of its text description. The mean value of projections of the information space in the direction of the vector of predicted events at different time points is considered as a set of information system states. It is also entered the change values of states. To describe transitions between states is used a probabilistic approach and the difference transition scheme. This makes it possible to get the dependence of the time for the value of the probability density for the event “detection information system in a state” in the form of a second order differential equation. On the basis of this equation is formulated and solved the boundary problem. Carried out by the authors the analysis of the stochastic dynamics of achievement a threshold of realization of news events has allowed the establishing of the ability to increase the probability of transition almost simultaneously with the beginning of the process of the news cluster structure changing. This is due to the presence of the memory of previous states in the information system and the possibility of self-description, as a result of accounting in the differential model information processes on the basis of the second derivative over time. In addition, the proposed model demonstrates the possibility of sudden changes in the probability of crossing the threshold of events and takes into account the presence of oscillations in her behavior. Based on the model developed it is proposed the algorithm for analysis of news clusters relationship in the information field with the possibility of occurrence of the predicted event, and determined the possible time of its implementation

Гестационно обусловленные предпосылки для материнского нарушения мозгового кровообращения

Objective - to analyze current information about gestationally conditioned prerequisites for maternal cerebrovascular disorders. Material and methods. The Russian and foreign literary sources, published in the literature databases ELibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Review), reflecting modern achievements in the study of cerebral circulation disorders associated with pregnancy, are analyzed. Results. The analysis of the Russian and foreign literary sources, reflecting world approaches in assessing the risks of acute violations of cerebral blood flow during pregnancy and after delivery, is presented. The clinical protocols, regulating the tactics of pregnancy management, the choice of the method and terms of delivery under acute disorders of cerebral blood circulation, associated with pregnancy, are presented. Conclusion. To date, significant risks for gestationally caused acute and chronic cerebral circulatory disorders remain. The participants of the presented studies demonstrate controversy in terminology and diagnosis of cerebral blood circulation disorders based on its genesis. Modern clinical and scientific experience proves the relationship not only between pregnancy and stroke, but also between preeclampsia and the risks of acute or chronic disturbance of the maternal cerebral blood circulation.Цель работы - проанализировать современные сведения о гестационнообусловленных предпосылках для материнского нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников, опубликованных в литературных базах данных ELibrary, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Review), отражающих современные достижения в изучении нарушений мозгового кровообращения, ассоциированного с беременностью. Результаты. Представлен анализ отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников, отражающих мировые подходы в оценке рисков острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения при беременности и после родораз-решения. Указаны клинические протоколы, регламентирующие тактику ведения беременности, выбор метода и сроков родоразрешения при острых нарушениях мозгового кровообращения, ассоциированного с беременностью. Заключение. До настоящего времени во всем мире, России и за рубежом сохраняются весомые риски гестационнообусловленного острого и хронического нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Участники представленных исследований демонстрируют контраверсионность в терминологии, диагностике при нарушениях мозгового кровообращения исходя из его генеза. Современных клинический и научный опыт доказывает взаимосвязь между не только между беременностью и инсультом, но и между преэклампсией и рисками острого или хронического нарушения материнского мозгового кровообращения

Effects Associated with Confined Geometry in Nanocomposites Based on Mesoporous 2D SBA 15 and 3D SBA 15 Matrices Containing Sodium Nitrite Nanoparticles

Temperature dependences of the ferroelectric order parameter for nanostructured sodium nitrite under heating and cooling were obtained by analyzing the temperature evolution of diffraction spectra of neutron scattering by composites obtained by introducing sodium nitrite into pores of mesoporous 2D SBA 15 the average pore diameter is 69 4 and 3D SBA 15 94 5 matrices. It was demonstrated that the phase transition to the paraelectric phase in the process of heating occurs at TC 433 1 K in both nanocomposite materials. It was found that these sizes decrease at approaching to the ferroelectric phase transition point on heating. Temperature hysteresis 15 20 K in the temperature dependence of the order parameter between the heating and cooling regimes was reveale

Modern features of rheumatic chorea in children

Chorea is the nervous system lesions with rheumatic fever (RF) as a result of the phenomenon of antigenic mimicry with antibodies cross-reactivity to BGSA antigens with similar antigen epitopes of brain tissue. Objective of the research - to determine frequency of nervous system lesion by RF, chorea clinical symptoms structure and prognosis of the disease in children. The study included 56 children 4-17 years old, hospitalized in the Morozov Children’s Clinical Hospital in 2001-2015 with RF. Clinical and medical history, laboratory and instrumental methods (ECG, ECHOCG, CT and/or MRI of the brain, EEG, ENMG) were used. The main clinical manifestation of RF was carditis (89,3%) with a high frequency (76,8%) of extracardiac manifestations: arthritis (46,4%), annular erythema (10,7%), in one child (1,8%) - rheumatoid nodules. Noteworthy is high frequency of chorea development (42,9%) mainly in patients with neurological history (p<0,05). 12,5% of children had isolated chorea. Most (30,4%) had combined form of neurorheumatism. The study revealed frequent errors (66%) in RF diagnosis in the prehospital stage. Medical history (45,8%) and streptococcal infection laboratory markers (p=0,02) are rarely detected among patients with chorea compared with patients without chorea symptoms (69%). Hemichorea (78%) with subacute onset (75%) predominated. RF issue requires attention from the medical community. Chorea is the most challenging for the differential diagnosis, especially isolated (29%). Even with isolated chorea chronic rheumatic heart disease (12,5%) may develop. In rheumatic chorea treatment, in addition to antibacterial drugs and drugs that affect dopamine and GABA metabolism, glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone) are needed. © 2016, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

Modern features of articular syndrome in acute rheumatic fever in children

Rheumatoid arthritis has features of both post-infectious and autoimmune arthritis and is one of the first manifestations of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). A typical articular syndrome with ARF develops 2–3 weeks after nasopharyngeal streptococcal (β-hemolytic streptococcus of A – BGSA group) infection, is a migrating polyarthritis, with large joints lesion and an intense pain syndrome, that stops with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Atypical course is characterized by arthritis duration &gt;3 weeks, monoarthritis, hands and feet small joints lesion, spine and/ or hip joints; NSAIDs ineffectiveness. Objective of the research – to determine rheumatoid arthritis modern features, incl. course structure and nature in children. Study materials and methods: the study included 56 children 4–17 years old with ARF, hospitalized in Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital in 2001–2015. Clinical anamnestic, laboratory (ASLO, CRP, protein fractions, cardiomarkers) and instrumental (ECG, ECHOKG) methods were used. Results statistical processing was performed with STATISTICA 8.0 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA). Differences were considered statistically significant at significance level p&lt;0,05. Results: articular syndrome was diagnosed in 33 children (58,9%), was presented by arthritis in 26 children (46,4%), arthralgia – in 7 children (12,5%) and was combined with other ARF manifestations, often with carditis. A typical joint syndrome was diagnosed in 7 children (26,9%), atypical – in 19 (73,1%). Mainly it affected ankle (76,9%) and knee (42,3%) joints. In atypical course, polyarthritis (63,2%) with hands and feet small joints and spine involvement developed more often compared with the typical (28,6%) (χ2 (df=2) =5,99, p=0,05). Clinical instrumental signs of disease activity were often observed in atypical arthritis course (χ2 (df=2) =6,94, p=0,03). Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in ARF incidence, a high percentage of late disease diagnosis remains. ARF diagnosis can not be ignored with atypical arthritis debut. Any patient with an articular syndrome and signs of BHSA infection one should consider as a patient with a probable ARF, perform a thorough control of cardiovascular system condition, follow the principles of ARF secondary prevention. © 2017, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

Modern features of rheumatic chorea in children

Chorea is the nervous system lesions with rheumatic fever (RF) as a result of the phenomenon of antigenic mimicry with antibodies cross-reactivity to BGSA antigens with similar antigen epitopes of brain tissue. Objective of the research - to determine frequency of nervous system lesion by RF, chorea clinical symptoms structure and prognosis of the disease in children. The study included 56 children 4-17 years old, hospitalized in the Morozov Children’s Clinical Hospital in 2001-2015 with RF. Clinical and medical history, laboratory and instrumental methods (ECG, ECHOCG, CT and/or MRI of the brain, EEG, ENMG) were used. The main clinical manifestation of RF was carditis (89,3%) with a high frequency (76,8%) of extracardiac manifestations: arthritis (46,4%), annular erythema (10,7%), in one child (1,8%) - rheumatoid nodules. Noteworthy is high frequency of chorea development (42,9%) mainly in patients with neurological history (p<0,05). 12,5% of children had isolated chorea. Most (30,4%) had combined form of neurorheumatism. The study revealed frequent errors (66%) in RF diagnosis in the prehospital stage. Medical history (45,8%) and streptococcal infection laboratory markers (p=0,02) are rarely detected among patients with chorea compared with patients without chorea symptoms (69%). Hemichorea (78%) with subacute onset (75%) predominated. RF issue requires attention from the medical community. Chorea is the most challenging for the differential diagnosis, especially isolated (29%). Even with isolated chorea chronic rheumatic heart disease (12,5%) may develop. In rheumatic chorea treatment, in addition to antibacterial drugs and drugs that affect dopamine and GABA metabolism, glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone) are needed. © 2016, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved