44 research outputs found
Dairy cattle breeding effectiveness analysis under the conditions of import substitution
The relevance of the research problem is inspired by the strategic importance of dairy farming to the national economy, which is especially evident in the context of the EU economic sanctions against the Russian Federation and carrying out the import substitution policy. First and foremost, this policy applies to food commodities, including milk. The goal of the article is to study statistical productivity analysis of dairy cattle breeding as one of the major indicators to show its effectiveness (Privolzhsky Federal district in Russia is taken as the example). The main methods, used to study this problem are the index method, time series analysis, and correlation and regression analysis. As the study result there were identified the factors affecting the dairy cattle productivity, the prognosis and the conclusion about the positive aspects in solving problems of import substitution in the field of milk production. The article can be useful to regional governments in the development and adjustment programs for socio-economic development of subjects dealing with agriculture in the Volga Federal district of Russia. Β© 2016 Tokarev et al
Research into influence of the electrolysis modes on the composition of galvanic Fe-Co-Mo coatings
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
(Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ) Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
(ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ tΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ·ΠΈ tn, ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ tΡ/tn) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ² Fe-Co-Mo. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Ρ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ² Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Rhododendron luteum sweet
Topicality. Rhododendrons are one of the most popular plants that are widely cultivated in most European countries as ornamental, essential oil, honey and insecticidal plants. Rhododendron luteum Sweet is a polymorphic species found in Ukraine as a wild-growing and ornamental plant. The chemical composition of yellow rhododendron is represented mainly by essential oils, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic and organic acids, and triterpene and coumarin substances. Leaves are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, astringent, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. As a result of the study of the morphological and anatomical structure of the yellow rhododendron leaves, its structurally foliar characters under the conditions of this ecotype growth in Ukraine were studied according to a preliminary analysis of published data. Our studies were carried out with the aim of using macroscopic and microscopic traits of leaves of this species to standardize medicinal plant materials and develop quality control methods.Aim. To identify the leaves of Rhododendron luteum (L.) Sweet by macro and microscopic characteristics. Set the main diagnostic signs of leaves.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were samples of yellow rhododendron leaves collected during the mass flowering period. Microscopicstudies were performed on raw materials fixed in a mixture ofΒ alcohol-glycerolwater (1 : 1 : 1). We used an OLYMPUS Lens FE-140 camera, an MBI-6 microscope, and a Biola-M microscope.Results and discussion. The main morphological and anatomical signs of yellow rhododendron leaves were determined. Macroscopic features include simple short-leaved leaves with a leathery, hollow leaf blade, with a solid edge, a pointed tip, a wedge-shaped base, cirrus venation; microscopic is dorsoventrally type of leaf blade structure. The cells of the upper epidermis are large, thin-walled, sinuous, without stomata, covered with a thick layer of cutin; cells of the lower epidermis are slightly tortuous; stomatal apparatus of the paracitic type, typical of the abaxial epiderm, covering and glandular trichomes are present. Ferruginous club-shaped emergenes on a multicellular stand, the cells of which accumulate a yellowish-brown secretion, the secreting head is oval-cylindrical, multicellular, with dark contents. Covering hairs is of three varieties: 1-2-cell, long, curled, spiky prevail, straight-walled hairs with an expanded base and long, straight-walled, thin-walled hairs are less common. The cut is round-triangular in cross section, the angular collenchyma is underlying the epidermis; in parenchymal cells, frequent crystals of calcium oxalate - druses and prismatic crystals.Conclusions. The results of macroscopic and microscopic study characteristics of yellow rhododendron leaves will be used to standardize medicinal plant materials and develop quality control methods.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Rhododendron luteum Sweet β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π²ΡΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π΅, ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Rhododendron luteum (L.) Sweet ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ-Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° (1 : 1 : 1). Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ OLYMPUS Lens FE-140, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΠ-6, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°-Π.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ; ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ β Π΄ΠΎΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°; ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅; ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ 1-2-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, Π·Π°Π³Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅, ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°; Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ β Π΄ΡΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π· Π½Π°ΠΉΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈ ΡΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ, Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ»ΡΠΉΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Rhododendron luteum Sweet β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π₯ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²`ΡΠΆΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±. ΠΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π², ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² Rhododendron luteum (L.) Sweet Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π·ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° (1 : 1 : 1). Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ OLYMPUS Lens FE-140, ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΠ-6, ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ-Π.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π· ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ Π· ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΌ, Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ; Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
β Π΄ΠΎΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ; ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ², Π²ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ; ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ; ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π±Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ-Π±ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°, Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Π° Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ 1-2-ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³Ρ, Π·Π°Π³Π½ΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ Π·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³Ρ, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ·Ρ, Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ°; Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡ β Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ
Functional ternary Fe-Co-Mo(W) coatings
The researchers and technologists increased interest to multicomponent galvanic alloys of iron triad metals with refractory elements (W, Mo etc.) [1, 2] is caused by several reasons. The main is creation new technology of coatings with a unique set of functional properties such as wear and corrosion resistance, increased catalytic activity and microhardness, magnetic properties, and others [3, 4]. This allows replacing toxic chromium-plating, to create effective catalytic materials, more available compared to traditional platinum based systems [5] and to obtain new soft magnetic films for the production of magnetic head elements for recording and reproducing information [6]. In this connection, the electrochemical methods of deposition are considered to be a competitive alternative to the physical methods of production [7] due to the possibility of flexible process control and monitoring. This enables the formation of coatings of a varying composition and structure, which is a key factor for production of the materials with specified functional properties. Many scientific papers delve into the electrodeposition of binary [8, 9] and ternary [10] iron and cobalt alloys with refractory components. In [11], Fe-W and Fe-W-P coatings with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance were obtained from electrolytes of different composition. It is noted that friction coefficient of amorphous ternary Fe-W-P alloys is lower than that of binary Fe-W coatings. The authors of [12] emphasize the increased wear resistance of Fe-W, Ni-W and Co-W coatings obtained from citrate and citrate-ammonia electrolytes at low bulk current densities. The molybdenum incorporation into cobalt deposits leads to a significant decrease in the coercive force and an increase in the saturation magnetization of the materials [13]. It is shown [14] that the molybdenum content in the alloy increases as the potential shifts toward negative values. The structure of deposits varies from close-packed hexagonal to mixed crystalline and amorphous with increasing current density. depends on coatings thickness: thin films have an amorphous structure. The great practical interest for works [15, 16] are due to electrosynthesis of ternary Fe-Mo-W alloys with increased physic-mechanical and corrosion protective properties for hardening machine parts. Obviously, in each individual case the formation of the coating depends on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the electrolyte and on the synthesis conditions. It should be noted the modes and parameters of the electrolysis predetermine in a particular way the concentration ratio of the alloy components and phase composition of the coatings [17]. Accordingly, the functional properties of coatings depended on the composition and structure can be controlled by deposition conditions. It should be noted that most published results covers to binary alloys Fe (Ni, Co) -Mo (W). Thereby it is relevant to study the process of electrosynthesis of ternary alloys and to analyze their properties
Filling a financial gap in SDG3 achievement: Investments vs. budget funds
Π£ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π¦ΡΠ»Ρ 3 ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ
Β«ΠΠ°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΡΒ» (Π¦Π‘Π 3). ΠΠ΅Π·Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π² ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ
ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΉ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π¦Π‘Π 3, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π· 28 ΡΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½. Π¦Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ
ΡΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ, Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²,
Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²βΡ Π½Π° 2020 ΡΡΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Logit Ρ Probit
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ
ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π¦Π‘Π 3. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²'Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π¦Π‘Π ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π» ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ
Π²ΡΡ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΡ.This paper delves into the challenge of financing Sustainable Development Goal 3
βEnsure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesβ (SDG 3). Despite its
ambitious nature, the achievement of this goal has been hindered by a substantial lack
of funding. The study aims to investigate potential sources to bridge the investment
gap in SDG 3, analyzing data from 28 European countries. This includes factors such
as the index and progress in sustainable development, sources of investment resources,
and healthcare costs for 2020. Logit and probit regression models are employed for
the analysis. The results indicate the absence of a statistically significant relationship
between the volume of investments from the state, businesses, and households of coun-
tries and their level of SDG 3 achievement. However, an interesting finding emerges
regarding healthcare expenditures under state insurance programs among European
countries, which show a greater extent of progress in achieving SDGs compared to
voluntary insurance programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of a balanced
approach that uses multiple funding sources and the need for focused policies and
partnerships to mobilize resources to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for
all at all ages.This paper delves into the challenge of financing Sustainable Development Goal 3
βEnsure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesβ (SDG 3). Despite its
ambitious nature, the achievement of this goal has been hindered by a substantial lack
of funding. The study aims to investigate potential sources to bridge the investment
gap in SDG 3, analyzing data from 28 European countries. This includes factors such
as the index and progress in sustainable development, sources of investment resources,
and healthcare costs for 2020. Logit and probit regression models are employed for
the analysis. The results indicate the absence of a statistically significant relationship
between the volume of investments from the state, businesses, and households of coun-
tries and their level of SDG 3 achievement. However, an interesting finding emerges
regarding healthcare expenditures under state insurance programs among European
countries, which show a greater extent of progress in achieving SDGs compared to
voluntary insurance programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of a balanced
approach that uses multiple funding sources and the need for focused policies and
partnerships to mobilize resources to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for
all at all ages
Evaluation of a strategy for tumor-initiating stem cell eradication in primary human glioblastoma cultures as a model
Primary cultures of human glioblastoma were obtained from the surgical material of patients K. (female, 61 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma) and Zh. (female, 60 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma). The effectiveness of a new therapeutic approach aimed at destroying the cancer cell community was evaluated on the primary cell lines of human glioblastoma culture by employing a new strategy of tumor-initiating stem cell synchronization and a domestic strategy of their eradication "3+1". The key elements of the strategy were the following indicator results: (1) evaluation of the presence of tumor-initiating stem cells in a population of cells from analyzed cultures by their ability to internalize double-stranded labeled DNA (TAMRA+ cells); (2) determination of the reference time points of the repair cycle of DNA interstrand cross-links induced by cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C; (3) evaluation of cell cycle synchronization; (4) determination of the time (day after therapy initiation) when TAMRA+ cells were synchronously present in phase G1/S of the cell cycle, sensitive to the therapy; and (5) establishment of the TAMRA+ (tumor-initiating stem cells) eradication schedule. The cultures were treated with cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C and a compositional DNA preparation. After the treatments, cell division slows down, and the cultures degrade. The K cell line completely degraded within 30 days of observation. The cell number of the Zh culture fell to nearly one-third of the starting value by day 15 of observation. On day 15, this indicator constituted 1/7.45 for mitomycin C and 1/10.28 for mitomycin C + DNA with reference to the control. The main target of the mitomycin C + DNA regimen was TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells of the glioblastoma cell populations. The action of mitomycin C alone or in the combination with DNA demonstrated effective elimination of TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells and the whole primary cultures of human glioblastomas
Phosphate-modified CpG oligonucleotides induce in vitro maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the immune response; therefore, the search for compounds that can effectively activate DCs is a needful goal. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of myeloid DCs in comparison with other PAMP and DAMP molecules. For the research, we synthesized known CpG-ODN class C (SD-101 and D-SL03) containing thiophosphate internucleotide groups, and their original phosphate-modified analogues (SD-101M and D-SL03M) with mesylphosphoramide internucleotide groups (M = ΞΌ-modification). The effects of CpG-ODN and other activators were evaluated on DCs generated from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN-Ξ± (IFN-DC) or IL-4 (IL4-DC). Evaluation of the intracellular TLR-9 expression showed that both types of DCs (IFN-DC and IL4-DC) contained on average 52 and 80 % of TLR-9-positive cells, respectively. The CpG-ODNs studied enhanced the allostimulatory activity of IFN-DCs, and the effect of ΞΌ-modified CpG-ODNs was higher than that of CpG-ODNs with thiophosphate groups. The stimulating effect of CpG-ODN at a dose of 1.0 ΞΌg/ml was comparable (for D-SL03, D-SL03M, SD-101) with or exceeded (for SD-101M) the effect of LPS at a dose of 10 ΞΌg/ml. At the same time, IFN-DCs were characterized by greater sensitivity to the action of CpG-ODNs than IL4-DCs. The enhancement of DC allostimulatory activity in the presence of CpG-ODNs was associated with the induction of final DC maturation, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of CD14+DC, an increase in mature CD83+DC and a trend towards an increase in CD86+DC. Interestingly, the characteristic ability of LPS to enhance the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40L on DCs was revealed only for the ΞΌ-analogue SD-101M. In addition, CpG-ODNs (SD-101 and SD-101M) had a stimulatory effect on IFN-Ξ³ production comparable to the action of LPS. The data obtained indicate a stimulating effect of CpG-ODN on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of human myeloid DCs, which is more pronounced for ΞΌ-modified analogs
Π€Π°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ XC221GI Π² in vitro ΠΈ in vivo ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°
The viruses most commonly affecting the human respiratory tract include rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and coronaviruses (CoVs). The virus infection of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggers an inflammation accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL6, IL8(CXCL8), IL1Ξ², and tumor necrosis factor Ξ± (TNFΞ±). A subsequent acute inflammatory response in the lungs is accompanied by an increase in the production of cytokines and chemokines β CXCR3 receptor ligands β that are key players of acute inflammatory response that induce an influx of neutrophils and T cells into the lungs.We studied the pharmacodynamic activity of the new compound XC221GI to suppress the IL6 and IL8 of an experimental RSV infection in vitro in human lung carcinoma cells A549 and in vivo in the lungs of cotton rats. We also studied the effect of XC221GI on the production of the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage as well as on the influx of neutrophils into the mouse lungs after the intranasal administration of interferon Ξ³ (IFNΞ³).The obtained results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of XC221GI, which suppresses the production of excessive levels of the key inflammatory markers IL6, IL8, CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 as well as the influx of neutrophils into the lungs thereby reducing lung pathology. These data confirm the effectiveness of XC221GI as a means of preventive anti-inflammatory therapy during a viral infection of the respiratory tract.ΠΠΈΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ (Π Π‘Π), Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ (CoV). ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ IL6, IL8(CXCL8), IL1Ξ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (tumor necrosis factor Ξ±, TNFΞ±). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² β Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° CXCR3, β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ XC221GI Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ IL6 ΠΈ IL8 Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π Π‘Π ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ in vitro Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π549 ΠΈ in vivo Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ XC221GI Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² CXCL10, CXCL9 ΠΈ CXCL11 Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ξ³ (IFNΞ³).Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° XC221GI, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ IL6, IL8, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11 ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° XC221GI Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°
ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. The direct relationship between the level of sodium intake, arterial hypertension, followed by the development of heart failure, a hypothesis of the direct influence of excessive sodium accumulation in myocardial glycosaminoglycans seems quite probable, which can further contribute to the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure.The aim of the study was to identify excess sodium in rats under conditions of sodium loading, in comparison with rats at a normal level of sodium intake. Materials and methods. Ten male Wistar rats with the same body weight were divided into two groups: the excess salt intake group and the normal salt intake group. Estimation of the amount of Na and NaCl in the animal myocardium was performed using dual energy computed tomography (DECT) samples. Samples were scanned on a Revolution GSI tomograph (GE Healthcare). For statistical processing of the obtained data, the R language was used. Results. The results of the study showed that the accumulation of Na and NaCl does not depend on the average level of animal feed intake, there is no correlation between weight and accumulation of excess Na in tissues, the level of Na and NaCl detected in myocardial tissue significantly increases the likelihood of a high salt diet in rats, and a relationship between the content Na in the myocardium and NaCl+H2O. Conclusion. The experiment confirmed the existence of a reliable relationship between the sodium compounds calculated on the basis of DECT and theΒ content of these compounds in the samples. The small number of samples did not allow us to calculate normalized rats, but we noted a clear difference between the control group and the high sodium diet.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ (Na), Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ NaΠ²Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Wistar Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ NaCl Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ’) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ RevolutionGSI (GEHealthcare). ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ R. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ: Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ NaCl, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ NaCl Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ NaCl+Π2Π. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ’ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Expression of genes ofΒ cytokines, transcriptionΒ factors andΒ differentiation antigens inΒ human dendritic cells activated by double-strandedΒ DNA
One of the most important properties of extracellular double-stranded DNA related to the treatment of various diseases is its ability to activate eο¬ector cells of the immune system (anti-tumor and vaccinal immunity) through dendritic cells (DCs). The stimulatory eο¬ect of DNA on DCs is mediated by the TLR9 signaling pathway and/or through a system of cytosolic sensors and is manifested by increased expression of MHC class II antigens and costimulatory molecules and by increased synthesis of immunoregulatory cytokines. In this work, the expression of cytokines, diο¬erentiation antigens and transcription factor genes has been investigated in DCs activated by double-stranded human DNA (i) without any additional factors, (ii) using a lipophilic agent, and (iii) by blocking TLR9 with chloroquine. Evaluation of the DNA eο¬ect was carried out after the 6- and 24-hour exposure. It was found that the preparation of double-stranded DNA transfected by Lipofectamine 2000 boosts DCs at the same level as Poly(dA : dT), aΒ synthetic equivalent of double-stranded DNA. It was discovered that combined application of DNA and chloroquine enhances expression of the IFN-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ², IFN-Ξ³, ILΒ8, ΠΠ‘Π 1, VEGF, CD25, and CD83 genes by hour 24 of incubation. It was for the ο¬rst time shown that genomic βselfβ double-stranded DNA as a mono agent activates mRNA synthesis of cytokines IFN-Ξ±, IFN-Ξ², IFN-Ξ³, ILΒ8, ILΒ10, and VEGF in DCs at 6 hours of induction