Identification DNA Methylation Change of ABCC8 Gene in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as Predictive Biomarkers

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic endocrine disorder that affecting 5%–10% of adults globally. Recently, the disease has rapidly spread throughout the Kurdistan Region. This study investigates DNA methylation status in the ABCC8 gene among the study population, and it possibly used as a biomarker. One hundred and thirteen individuals were included in this study, and they were divided into three categories (47 diabetes, 36 prediabetic, and 30 controls). Blood samples were collected to investigate DNA methylation status in patients who attended private clinical sectors in Koya city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, between August and December 2021. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) uses paired primers for each methylated and unmethylated region. In addition, the X2 Kruskal–Wallis statistical and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were run with a significance level of p 0.05. In comparison to the healthy group, hypermethylation of DNA is detected in the promoter region of diabetes and prediabetes. In addition, age, gender, BMI, alcohol use, family history, and physical activity all influence the degree of DNA methylation in people who have had coronavirus illness. The abovementioned findings suggest that DNA methylation alterations in the ABCC8 promoter region might be exploited as a possible predictive biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis

The acute influence of sucrose consumption with and without vitamin C co-ingestion on microvascular reactivity in healthy young adults

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.  Background Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are a major source of dietary sugar and a public health concern. Glucose consumption acutely influences microvascular reactivity in healthy adults, possibly via oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to observe the acute influence of a more relevant dose of sucrose on microvascular reactivity, and to identify whether this response is influenced by the amount of vitamin C typically contained in SSB. Methods Thirteen ostensibly healthy adults (8 male, 5 female) performed three 1-day trials in a randomized order; the consumption of 300 ml water (control; CON), or 300 ml water with 50 g sucrose (SUGAR) or 50 g sucrose with 160 mg of vitamin C (VITC). Near infrared spectroscopy was used to determine peak reactive hyperaemia (PRH), the rate of desaturation (Slope 1) and reperfusion (Slope 2), and the total area under the reperfusion curve versus time (TRH) following 5 min of forearm cuff occlusion before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after test drink consumption. Results SUGAR and VITC significantly increased the total area under the curve versus time for plasma glucose (P < 0.05 for both). No changes in microvascular reactivity were observed between trials, although VITC increased Slope 1 compared to both SUGAR and CON 30 and 60 min post drink (P < 0.05 for both). Conclusion The consumption of a sugar load representative of commercially available SSB did not influence microvascular reactivity. The co-ingestion of Vitamin C also failed to influence microvascular reactivity, but did increase the rate of oxygen extraction

THE LACK OF CORRELATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS BETWEEN NON-CPG METHYLATION AND DIABETES RISK FACTORS, LIPID PROFILE, KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST, HBA1C, AND RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complicated metabolic disease. The purpose of the current investigation was to identify Non-CPG methylation in the ABCC8 and CAPN10 promoter regions.    Method: Fifty people were  divided  into two groups: thirty-five were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and fifteen were control group. Utilizing direct bisulfite sequencing to identify Non-CPG methylation in the promoter region and determine the extent of DNA methylation. To ascertain whether a result was statistically significant at   the level of significance 0.05, the T-independent test, Spearman's correlation, and Chi square tests were performed. Results: Hypermethylation of DNA has been found in the diabetes promoter region of the CAPN10 and ABCC8 genes compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, Non-CPG methylation in both genes and the statistically significant CAPN10 gene has not been linked to risk factors or biochemical indicators. Conclusion: This study  concluded that the biochemical biomarkers and risk factors  did not influence  Non-CPG methylation of selected genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus  

Prevalence of Color Blindness Among Students of Four Basic Schools in Koya City

Color blindness or color vision deficiency is X-linked recessive disorder that affects males more frequently than females. Abnormality in any one or all three cone photoreceptors caused Congenital disorders. Protanopia, deuteranopia results when long wavelength (L), photopigments (red), middle wavelength (M) and photopigments (green) are missing. This cross-sectional study was done to find out the prevalence of color vision deficiency among basic school students in Koya city with different ages and genders. The study was conducted in four basic schools that were present in Koya city (Zheen, Zanst, Nawroz and Najibaxan). All students screened by using Ishihara 24 plates. For the study (n=400, male=206, female=194, age=8-14) were selected &amp; examined. The result revealed that the prevalence rate of the deficiency in four primary schools 3.39% (7) in males and 0% females. &nbsp;The study concluded that color blindness is different between students in each school, cannot find the prevalence of Color blindness in females in each school and affects males more than females because color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of color blindness in some basic schools in Koya city, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq

The extended counterpart of submm source Lockman850.1

The IRAM Plateau de Bure mm interferometer and deep K-band imaging have been used to identify the brightest submm source detected in the Lockman field of the UK 8mJy SCUBA survey. The near infrared counterpart is an extended (20-30kpc), clumpy, and extremely red object. The spectral energy distribution suggests it to be a dusty star forming object at a redshift of about 3 (2-4). Its star formation rate and near-infrared properties are consistent with Lockman850.1 being a massive elliptical in formation.Comment: 4 ps/eps figures. To appear in A&

Submillimeter galaxies behind the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56)

Clusters of galaxies are effective gravitational lenses able to magnify background galaxies and making it possible to probe the fainter part of the galaxy population. Submillimeter galaxies, which are believed to be star-forming galaxies at typical redshifts of 2 to 3, are a major contaminant to the extended Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal of galaxy clusters. For a proper quantification of the SZ signal the contribution of submillimeter galaxies needs to be quantified. The aims of this study are to identify submillimeter sources in the field of the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56), a massive cluster of galaxies at z~0.3, measure their flux densities at 870 micron, and search for counterparts at other wavelengths to constrain their properties. We carried out deep observations of the submillimeter continuum emission at 870 micron using the Large APEX BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) on the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope. Several numerical techniques were used to quantify the noise properties of the data and extract sources. In total, seventeen sources were found. Thirteen of them lie in the central 10 arcminutes of the map, which has a pixel sensitivity of 1.2 mJy per 22 arcsec beam. After correction for flux boosting and gravitational lensing, the number counts are consistent with published submm measurements. Nine of the sources have infrared counterparts in Spitzer maps. The strongest submm detection coincides with a source previously reported at other wavelengths, at an estimated redshift z~2.7. If the submm flux arises from two images of a galaxy magnified by a total factor of 75, as models have suggested, its intrinsic flux would be around 0.6 mJy, consistent with an intrinsic luminosity below 10^12 L_sun.Comment: Accepted by A&A, 15 pages, 11 figure

Weak Lensing, Shear and the Cosmic Virial Theorem in a Model with a Scale-Dependent Gravitational Coupling

It is argued that, in models where the gravitational coupling is scale-dependent, predictions concerning weak gravitational lensing and shear are essentially similar to the ones derived from General Relativity. This is consistent with recent negative results of observations of the MS1224, CL2218 and A1689 systems aimimg to infer from those methods the presence of dark matter. It is shown, however, that the situation is quite different when an analysis based on the Cosmic Virial Theorem is concerned.Comment: Footnote and references added. Version to in Gen. Relativity and Gravitation Vol. 29 (1997

Number counts and clustering properties of bright Distant Red Galaxies in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Early Data Release

We describe the number counts and spatial distribution of 239 Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs), selected from the Early Data Release of the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey. The DRGs are identified by their very red infrared colours with (J-K)AB>1.3, selected over 0.62 sq degree to a 90% completeness limit of KAB~20.7. This is the first time a large sample of bright DRGs has been studied within a contiguous area, and we provide the first measurements of their number counts and clustering. The population shows strong angular clustering, intermediate between those of K-selected field galaxies and optical/infrared-selected Extremely Red Galaxies. Adopting the redshift distributions determined from other recent studies, we infer a high correlation length of r0~11 h-1 Mpc. Such strong clustering could imply that our galaxies are hosted by very massive dark matter halos, consistent with the progenitors of present-day L>L* elliptical galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted to MNRAS. Higher-resolution figures available from the authors on reques

A CFH12k lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters II : weak lensing analysis and global correlations

Aims: We present a wide-field multi-color survey of a homogeneous sample of eleven clusters of galaxies for which we measure total masses and mass distributions from weak lensing. This sample, spanning a small range in both X-ray luminosity and redshift, is ideally suited to determining the normalisation of scaling relations between X-ray properties of clusters and their masses (the M-TX and the M-LX relations) and also estimating the scatter in these relations at a fixed luminosity. Methods: The eleven clusters in our sample are all X-ray luminous and span a narrow redshift range at z = 0.21 ± 0.04. The weak lensing analysis of the sample is based on ground-based wide-field imaging obtained with the CFH12k camera on CFHT. We use the methodology developed and applied previously on the massive cluster Abell 1689. A Bayesian method, implemented in the Im2shape software, is used to fit the shape parameters of the faint background galaxies and to correct for PSF smearing. A multi-color selection of the background galaxies is applied to retrieve the weak lensing signal, resulting in a background density of sources of ~10 galaxies per square arc minute. With the present data, shear profiles are measured in all clusters out to at least 2 Mpc (more than 15´ from the center) with high confidence. The radial shear profiles are fitted with different parametric mass profiles and the virial mass M200 is estimated for each cluster and then compared to other physical properties. Results: Scaling relations between mass and optical luminosity indicate an increase of the M/L ratio with luminosity (M/L ∝ L0.8) and a LX-M200 relation scaling as LX ∝ M2000.83 ± 0.11 while the normalization of the M200 ∝ TX3/2 relation is close to the one expected from hydrodynamical simulations of cluster formation as well as previous X-ray analyses. We suggest that the dispersion in the M200-TX and M200-LX relations reflects the different merging and dynamical histories for clusters of similar X-ray luminosities and intrinsic variations in their measured masses. Improved statistics of clusters over a wider mass range are required for a better control of the intrinsic scatter in scaling relations