The narrative of Ephesians 2:11-22: motion towards maximal proximity and higher status

This thesis argues that Ephesians 2:11-22 has a narrative structure, and it adopts, adapts, and implements tools and insights from cognitive linguistics to understand how the metaphors present in Ephesians 2:11-22 fit within the narrative of the text. This work’s main thrust is to establish a reasonable and plausible approximation of what the audience might have understood. Earlier studies have approached each of these metaphors individually; others have read the metaphors through the lens of a chosen motif; and other projects have focused primarily on the temple. In this project, I argue that the metaphors in Ephesians 2:11-22 structure the narrative, and this structure provides coherence to what would otherwise be isolated metaphors. I also subscribe to the notion that metaphors do not just mean something, but they also do something: they impact the readers perceptually and affectively. In this thesis, I approach Ephesians 2:11-22 as a drama. I provide two kinds of contributions: a methodological one (the stage directions), and an interpretive one (the drama). I give the readers of this project some stage directions—the frameworks of the ideas that allow us to see the text as a drama as well as some methodological areas where cognitive linguistics refines and intersects with existing notions in biblical studies. The drama begins with movement from outside to inside, from past to present, from one kind of conceptual and relational container to another. Christ is a vehicle of that motion, and also an agent, breaking down walls and abolishing enmity, and ultimately is the builder of the structure. The narrative ends with movement into the temple, with Christ as both builder and cornerstone. The writer uses spatial locations in each of the Acts to communicate social relationships; these spatial locations are understood as Containers. In Act I, ISRAEL IS A CONTAINER highlights the Gentile converts’ previous exclusion and CHRIST IS A CONTAINER highlights their present inclusion. In Act II, BELIEVERS ARE A NEW HUMANITY highlights the reconciled humanity as a social group. In Act III, GOD’ S SPIRITUAL TERRITORY IS A NATION highlights the access, inclusion, and unity now enjoyed by the new humanity. The use of the Container as a spatial metaphor allows the author to develop his argument in terms of change and inclusion: CHANGE OF STATE IS A CHANGE OF LOCATION and INCLUSION IS BEING BROUGHT INTO THE CONTAINER. This analysis contributes to the scholarship of Ephesians by showing how the drama of the unfolding narrative embedded in Ephesians 2 uses metaphor to move Gentile believers through various stages on a journey toward maximal relational proximity and higher status

Hábitos De Estudio, Métodos De Estudio Y Rendimiento Académico En Los Estudiantes De Primer Semestre De Tecnología En Gestión Comercial Y Financiera Y Administración De Empresas, Año 2014, De La Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander, Seccional Ocaña Desde La Propuesta De Fernández Pozar

La presente Investigación se caracterizó por determinar la relación entre que existe entre los hábitos de estudio y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del primer semestre de Tecnología en Gestión Comercial y Financiera y Administración de Empresas de la universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña en el segundo período del año 2014. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue cuantitativo con aporte cualitativo, el tipo fue no experimental ya que no hubo manipulación de variables. La técnica de recolección de información fue el Inventario de Hábitos de Estudio de Fernández Pozar, el cual consta de 90 ítems que hace referencia a los hábitos de estudio, distribuidos en cinco escalas: Condiciones ambientales del estudio, Planificación del estudio, Utilización de materiales, Asimilación de contenidos y Sinceridad en las respuestas. Adicionalmente se aplicó un cuestionario con 5 preguntas abiertas, en lo referente a: Cómo estudia, Cuáles son las estrategias o acciones más efectivas en su estudio, En qué lugar estudia, Con quién estudia y Para qué estudia

Assessing the potential of the terrestrial cyanobacterium Anabaena minutissima for controlling Botrytis cinerea on tomato fruits

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophs that have an essential role in soil N2 fixation, fertility, and water retention. Cyanobacteria are also natural sources of bioactive metabolites beneficial to improve plant vigor and potentially active against fungal plant pathogens. Therefore, we studied the antifungal activity of water extract (WE) and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from Anabaena minutissima strain BEA 0300B against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea on tomato fruits and in vitro. The water extract and PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. Both water extract (5 mg/mL) and PBPs (ranged from 0.3 to 4.8 mg/mL) reduced disease incidence and disease severity on tomato fruits and mycelium growth and colony forming units in vitro. For mycelium growth, a linear PBP dose-response was found. Tomato fruits were also characterized by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies in order to evaluate structural modifications induced by pathogen and PBP treatment. PBPs preserved cutin and pectin structures by pathogen challenge. In conclusion, A. minutissima can be considered a potential tool for future large-scale experiments for plant disease control

Macromicetes de la comarca del Berguedá (Barcelona)

Se da cuenta de ciento cuarenta y ocho especies de macromicetes recolectadas en el transcurso de una serie de excursiones de estudio, realizadas por los autores entre los años 1974 al 1977, por diversas localidades de la comarca del Berguedá (Barcelona).Numerosas especies entre las indicadas fueron recolectadas en varias ocasiones, lo que permitió apreciar detalles de su comportamiento autoecológico.En todos los casos hemos pretendido confirmar las determinaciones taxonómicas utilizando los medios reseñados en la Bibliografia. De cada especie se dispone de su ficha de estudio, con los detalles apreciados al realizar la determinanción, pese a ello no hemos considerado adecuado dar descripciones por no hacer más extenso el presente trabajo.We remark the determinations of a hundred and forty eight species of Macromycets collected the year 1974 to the 1977, mainly in Berguedá district (Barcelona).Most of them could be studied more than once. We tried to confirm the determinations using the last specialized works

An Inversion Disrupting FAM134B Is Associated with Sensory Neuropathy in the Border Collie Dog Breed

Sensory neuropathy in the Border Collie is a severe neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of sensory and, to a lesser extent, motor nerve cells with clinical signs starting between 2 and 7 months of age. Using a genome-wide association study approach with three cases and 170 breed matched controls, a suggestive locus for sensory neuropathy was identified that was followed up using a genome sequencing approach. An inversion disrupting the candidate gene FAM134B was identified. Genotyping of additional cases and controls and RNAseq analysis provided strong evidence that the inversion is causal. Evidence of cryptic splicing resulting in novel exon transcription for FAM134B was identified by RNAseq experiments. This investigation demonstrates the identification of a novel sensory neuropathy associated mutation, by mapping using a minimal set of cases and subsequent genome sequencing. Through mutation screening, it should be possible to reduce the frequency of or completely eliminate this debilitating condition from the Border Collie breed population

New insight on tomato seed priming with Anabaena minutissima phycobiliproteins in relation to Rhizoctonia solani root rot resistance and seedling growth promotion

Cyanobacteria phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are already exploited in the food industries and for biotechnological applications but not in the agricultural field. Different concentrations (0.6 - 4.8 mg/mL) of Anabaena minutissima PBPs were applied to tomato seed to study their priming effect against the soil-borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and in promoting plant growth. PBPs increased seedling emergence and vigour, showed activity against root rot disease (67%), and enhanced plant dry weight, length, and height. Generally, no dose effect has been observed except for dry weight (55% at 4.8 mg/mL). Seed treatment primed seeds and seedlings by leading to the activation of defence responses raising phenol (26% in hypocotyls) and flavonoid (26 and 45% in hypocotyls and epicotyls, respectively) contents and chitinase (4-fold at 2.4 and 4.8 mg/mL in hypocotyls) and beta-1,3-D-glucanase (up to about 2-fold at all doses in epicotyls) activities. Micro-Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared revealed changes in functional groups of primed seeds, hypocotyls and exudates released into the agar because of treatment. Protein extract from PBP-primed seedlings inhibited mycelial growth (67% for epicotyl proteins) and caused morphological alterations in hyphae. This research emphasizes the potential priming role of PBPs applied by seed treatment against soil-borne pathogens

Soft-Bottom macrobenthic communities of the Vitória Bay estuarine system, South-eastern Brazil

O presente trabalho analisa e descreve a estrutura das associações faunísticas macrobênticas (epifauna e infauna) do sistema estuarino da Baía de Vitória, sudeste do Brasil, de Janeiro de 1998 a Junho de 1999. Amostras replicadas em níveis de entre-marés e sublitoral foram coletadas em intervalos de três meses em dez estações. Foram caracterizadas as composições dos sedimentos de entre-marés e sublitoral. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água foram medidos in situ. Foram coletados 10.695 indivíduos, compreendendo a 144 taxa. Os grupos mais abundantes foram moluscos, crustáceos e poliquetos. As espécies mais abundantes foram os bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana, Mytella guyanensis e M. falcata. Localmente, descargas significativas de esgoto doméstico causaram um aumento da quantidade de matéria orgânica no sedimento (até 30%) e baixa concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na água (< 1mg.l-1). Próximo às duas entradas da baía, o alto hidrodinamismo e a presença de areia grossa reduziram os efeitos deletérios dos aportes de esgotos. A riqueza (S), a diversidade (H') de espécies e a abundância total (A), decresceram das estações externas do estuário (22 < S < 72; 1.99 < H' < 2.85; 320 < A < 1737) em direção às estações internas (2 < S < 45; 0.59 < H' < 2.67; 2 < A < 1317), onde a salinidade e oxigênio dissolvido foram menores e as quantidades de matéria orgânica maiores.The present work describes and analyses the structure of the macrobenthic epi- and infaunal assemblage of the estuarine system of Vitória Bay, South-eastern Brazil, from January 1998 to June 1999. Replicated sampling at intertidal and subtidal levels was conducted quarterly at ten stations. Intertidal and subtidal sediment composition was characterised. Water physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ. A total of 10,695 individuals, belonging to 144 taxa, were collected. Molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes were the most abundant groups. The bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana, Mytella guyanensis and M. falcata were the most abundant species. Locally, significant discharges of residential and industrial wastewater resulted in high organic content in the sediment (up to 30%) and low dissolved oxygen concentration in the water (< 1mg.l-1). Near the two entrances of the bay, high hydrodynamic activity and coarse sand reduced the detrimental effects of raw and treated sewage inputs. Species richness (S), diversity (H') and total abundance (A) decreased from outer-bay stations (22 < S < 72; 1.99 < H' < 2.85; 320 < A < 1737) towards inner-bay stations (2 < S < 45; 0.59 < H' < 2.67; 2 < A < 1317), where salinity and dissolved oxygen were lowest and organic matter content highest