18,283 research outputs found
Low temperature magnetization and the excitation spectrum of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin rings
Accurate results are obtained for the low temperature magnetization versus
magnetic field of Heisenberg spin rings consisting of an even number N of
intrinsic spins s = 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2 with nearest-neighbor
antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange by employing a numerically exact quantum Monte
Carlo method. A straightforward analysis of this data, in particular the values
of the level-crossing fields, provides accurate results for the lowest energy
eigenvalue E(N,S,s) for each value of the total spin quantum number S. In
particular, the results are substantially more accurate than those provided by
the rotational band approximation. For s <= 5/2, data are presented for all
even N <= 20, which are particularly relevant for experiments on finite
magnetic rings. Furthermore, we find that for s > 1 the dependence of E(N,S,s)
on s can be described by a scaling relation, and this relation is shown to hold
well for ring sizes up to N = 80 for all intrinsic spins in the range 3/2 <= s
<= 7/2. Considering ring sizes in the interval 8 <= N <= 50, we find that the
energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state approaches zero
proportional to 1/N^a, where a = 0.76 for s = 3/2 and a = 0.84 for s = 5/2.
Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our present results for E(N,S,s) by
examining the Fe12 ring-type magnetic molecule, leading to a new, more accurate
estimate of the exchange constant for this system than has been obtained
heretofore.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review B, 10 pages, 10 figure
Computational Notebooks for AI Education
Computational notebooks are documents that serve dual purposes: they serve as an archive format containing code, text, images and equations; but they can also be run like computer programs. This paper explores the use of these new computational notebooks to teach AI and introduces tools that we have developed — ICalico and Calysto — to facilitate that use. Not only do these new tools broaden the languages and contexts available to students exploring notebook-based AI computing, but they offer a new mode of teaching and learning for the AI classroom
Computational Notebooks for AI Education
Computational notebooks are documents that serve dual purposes: they serve as an archive format containing code, text, images and equations; but they can also be run like computer programs. This paper explores the use of these new computational notebooks to teach AI and introduces tools that we have developed — ICalico and Calysto — to facilitate that use. Not only do these new tools broaden the languages and contexts available to students exploring notebook-based AI computing, but they offer a new mode of teaching and learning for the AI classroom
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Opportunities to encourage mail order pharmacy delivery service use for diabetes prescriptions: a qualitative study.
BackgroundMedication non-adherence is a major contributor to poor outcomes in diabetes. Previous research has shown an association between use of mail order pharmacy delivery and better medication adherence, but little is known about the barriers and facilitators to mail order pharmacy use in diabetes patients. This qualitative study examined factors related to mail order pharmacy use versus traditional "brick and mortar" pharmacies to refill prescriptions.MethodsWe conducted four 90-min focus groups in 2016 among 28 diabetes patients in the Hawaii and Northern California regions of Kaiser Permanente, a large integrated health care delivery system. We queried participants on their preferred mode for refilling prescriptions and perceived barriers and facilitators of mail order pharmacy use. One researcher independently coded each focus group transcript, with two of these transcripts double-coded by a second researcher to promote reliability. We employed thematic analysis guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) framework using NVivo 11 software.ResultsA total of 28 diabetes patients participated. Participants' average age was 64.1 years; 57% were female; and racial/ethnic backgrounds included Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (36%), Black/African-American (21%) Hispanic/Latino (7%), and non-Hispanic White (36%). Analysis uncovered 26 themes related to the decision to use mail order pharmacy, with each theme representing a barrier or facilitator mapped to the COM-B framework. Most themes (20/26) fell into the COM-B category of 'Opportunity.' Opportunity barriers to mail order pharmacy use included unpredictability of medication delivery date, concerns about mail security, and difficulty coordinating refill orders for multiple prescriptions. In contrast, facilitators included greater access and convenience (e.g., no need to wait in line or arrange transportation) compared to traditional pharmacies. Motivational facilitators to mail order pharmacy use included receiving a pharmacy benefit plan incentive of a free one-month supply of prescriptions.ConclusionsThis study found that while patients with diabetes may benefit from mail order pharmacy use, they perceive numerous barriers to using the service. These findings will inform the design of interventions and quality improvement initiatives to increase mail order pharmacy use, which in turn may improve medication adherence and outcomes in diabetes patients, across health care systems
Four-point bending evaluation of dentin-composite interfaces with various stresses
Fracture properties of composite-dentin beams bonded with a self?etching adhesive were tested following short term pretreatments to simulate potential degradation mechanisms (thermal cycling, immersion in 5% NaOCl, or fatigue cycling). Beams of rectangular cross-section were shaped to a size of ~0.87 x 0.87 x 10 mm and placed in a four-point bending apparatus, with the loading points 1.8 and 7.2 mm apart, with the interface centered between the inner rollers. Testing was performed in Hanks? Balanced Salt Solution at 25 ?C . Solid dentin and solid composite beams [n = 6] had bending strengths of 164.4 and 164.6 MPa, respectively, under monotonically increasing loads. Bonded beams [n = 6] had strengths of 56.3 MPa. Thermo-cycling (5? to 55?C), NaOCl solution immersion, or 105 of pre-fatigue cycles did not decrease the strength. Conclusion: Thermal stress, exposure to NaOCL, or 105 cycles of mechanical stress does not decrease bond strength of composite bonded to dentin as tested in four-point bending
Four-point bending evaluation of dentin-composite interfaces with various stresses
Fracture properties of composite-dentin beams bonded with a self?etching adhesive were tested following short term pretreatments to simulate potential degradation mechanisms (thermal cycling, immersion in 5% NaOCl, or fatigue cycling). Beams of rectangular cross-section were shaped to a size of ~0.87 x 0.87 x 10 mm and placed in a four-point bending apparatus, with the loading points 1.8 and 7.2 mm apart, with the interface centered between the inner rollers. Testing was performed in Hanks? Balanced Salt Solution at 25 ?C . Solid dentin and solid composite beams [n = 6] had bending strengths of 164.4 and 164.6 MPa, respectively, under monotonically increasing loads. Bonded beams [n = 6] had strengths of 56.3 MPa. Thermo-cycling (5? to 55?C), NaOCl solution immersion, or 105 of pre-fatigue cycles did not decrease the strength. Conclusion: Thermal stress, exposure to NaOCL, or 105 cycles of mechanical stress does not decrease bond strength of composite bonded to dentin as tested in four-point bending
Revisiting the proposed planetary system orbiting the eclipsing polar HU Aquarii
It has recently been proposed, on the basis of eclipse-timing data, that the
eclipsing polar cataclysmic variable HU Aquarii is host to at least two giant
planets. However, that result has been called into question based upon the
dynamical stability of the proposed planets. In this work, we present a
detailed re-analysis of all eclipse timing data available for the HU Aquarii
system, making use of standard techniques used to fit orbits to radial-velocity
data. We find that the eclipse timings can be used to obtain a two-planet
solution that does not require the presence of additional bodies within the
system. We then perform a highly detailed dynamical analysis of the proposed
planetary system. We show that the improved orbital parameters we have derived
correspond to planets that are dynamically unstable on unfeasibly short
timescales (of order 10^4 years or less). Given these results, we discuss
briefly how the observed signal might in fact be the result of the intrinsic
properties of the eclipsing polar, rather than being evidence of dynamically
improbable planets. Taken in concert, our results highlight the need for
caution in interpreting such timing variations as being planetary in nature.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Prolific fruit output by the invasive tree Bellucia pentamera Naudin (Melastomataceae) is enhanced by selective logging disturbance
Selective logging in tropical rain forests may promote population growth of invasive plants. The ability of invaders to respond, specifically in reproductive traits, to increase in resource abundance may allow them to increase their presence in the seed rain of recipient communities. The invasive pioneer tree Bellucia pentamera (Melastomataceae) is currently spreading within Gunung Palung National Park in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The park has also experienced periods of illegal, small‐scale, selective logging that seem to have facilitated population growth and spread of this invader. We first used fruiting frequency as a proxy for fruit output to make comparisons between B. pentamera and the native tree community of over 200 genera. We then constructed two Generalized Linear Autoregressive Moving Average (GLARMA) models using 13 months of phenology data to predict both fruiting frequency and crop size of B. pentamera under selective logging versus natural treefall disturbance regimes. Bellucia pentamera fruited at considerably higher frequency than all 200 native genera considered. This invader also responded positively to selective logging with both odds of being in fruit and crop sizes at least doubling in logged plots. Prolific seed output of B. pentamera is especially problematic within the lottery competition of tropical rain forest gap tree communities, in which prominence in the seed rain is particularly important. Furthermore, the reproductive response of B. pentamera to selective logging suggests that this harvesting practice may have a considerable role in facilitating this invasion in Southeast Asia.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144654/1/btp12545.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144654/2/btp12545_am.pd
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