Emissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas

Urban pollution is more and more concern due to human health implications. In that way, emissions pollutant from commercial vehicles which move daily at fixed itineraries such as, buses and refuse collection vehicles must be monitored. In this study we have aimed to show the results of the test made on refuse collection vehicles, in real conditions, with regard to their energy consumption and emissions pollutant. A comparative study is carried out with regard to CO, HC, NOx, PM and greenhouse gas emissions, in respect of two types of engine with three different fuels. The fuels analyzed are diesel, biodiesel (B50 and B100) and compressed natural gas (CNG)

Urban mobility data management: The OPTICITIES project and the Madrid standartization proposal

Urban mobility is an increasingly complex challenge for the cities, and involves many different aspects. An aspect central to the problem is the management of mobility data in the cities. The traditional approach has resulted in data silos implemented and mostly valid only for the city for which they were developed. The OPTICITIES project aims at providing a common framework for multimodal transport management and service provision in the urban environment. A thorough analysis of all the relevant aspects related to the urban data management will be performed in a number of European cities. Working on the idea of local implementations, an overall interoperability framework and local data management profiles of data formats and interfaces are being defined and tested. Working closely with ISO and CEN standardisation groups, it is expected that OPTICITIES will impact directly on reference standard drafts. Additionally, cities usually present also particularities that cannot be addressed exclusively from a technical point of view. The city and region of Madrid, Spain, has done a huge effort in order to integrate operators’ data in a common platform, but needs to consider legacy and new systems, and other factors. The OPTICITIES project aims to integrate all these factors into an implementation guidelines handbook that will allow any city, regardless of the currently used systems and applications, to address the deployment of advanced multimodal data management element

Comparison of exhaust emissions of vehicles for garbage collection and tankers for streets cleaning using diesel and biodiesel

When selecting new vehicles for fleets of vehicles for garbage collection and city cleaning, reduction of exhaust emissions is one of the most relevant factor to take into account. In this regard, apart from the vehicle, fuel choice is also important, considering that the same vehicle accept both diesel and biodiesel

El teatro de sombras corporales como recurso didáctico para trabajar la expresión corporal y la interculturalidad en educación infantil:

Aquest estudi es basa en el disseny, execució i avaluació del recurs didàctic del teatre d’ombres corporals per treballar l’expressió corporal i la interculturalitat. Amb aquest objectiu, es va dur a terme un disseny d’estudi de cas a través d’una investigació qualitativa bàsica en la que hi participaren 52 infants de 2n cicle d’Educació Infantil. La recollida de dades es realitzà principalment amb l’instrument “L’estenedor dels desitjos” i es complementà amb l’observació directa, utilitzant com a instruments el full de registre, el registre anecdòtic i el diari del professorat. Els resultats mostren que el teatre d’ombres corporals a Educació Infantil convida a la participació de l’alumnat i permet un treball global i interdisciplinar. No obstant això, no tot l’alumnat vincula el seu grau de satisfacció amb l’experìencia realitzada. Concloem que el teatre d’ombres corporals és un recurs òptim per utilitzar a Educació Infantil, ja que treballa de forma global i interdisciplinar els continguts de dansa, ritme i interculturalitat, entre d’altres.The present study delves into the design, implementation and evaluation of the body shadow theatre as a resource for body expression and interculturality. With this aim, a case study design was carried out following basic qualitative research, in which 52 students of 2nd cycle of Early Childhood Education participated. Data collection was mainly carried out through the “clothesline of wishes” instrument and was complemented by direct observation, using instruments such as a record sheet, an anecdotal record and the teacher's diary. The results show that the body shadow theatre in Childhood Education, fosters the participation of students and allows for global and interdisciplinary work. However, not all students relate their level of satisfaction with the experience. The conclusion drawn in this essay allows to consider the body shadow theatre as an optimal resource to use in Early Childhood Education, since it covers, in a global and interdisciplinary way, dance, rhythm and interculturality contents, among others.Este estudio se basa en el diseño, puesta en práctica y evaluación del recurso didáctico del teatro de sombras corporales para trabajar la expresión corporal y la interculturalidad. Para ello, se realizó un diseño de estudio de caso a través de una investigación cualitativa básica en la que participaron 52 alumnos y alumnas de 2.º ciclo de Educación Infantil. La recogida de datos se realizó principalmente a través del instrumento “El tendero de los deseos” y se complementó con la observación directa, utilizando como instrumentos la hoja de registro, el registro anecdótico y el diario del profesor. Los resultados muestran que el teatro de sombras corporales en el trabajo de Educación Infantil invita a la participación del alumnado y permite un trabajo global e interdisciplinar. Sin embargo, no todo el alumnado vincula su grado de satisfacción con la experiencia realizada. La conclusión extraída en este trabajo permite considerar el teatro de sombras corporales como un recurso óptimo para utilizar en Educación Infantil, al trabajar de forma global e interdisciplinar los contenidos de danza, ritmo e interculturalidad, entre otros

Impact of Early Non-Invasive Ventilation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Respiratory complications; Respiratory insufficiency; SurvivalComplicaciones respiratorias; Insuficiencia respiratoria; SupervivenciaComplicacions respiratòries; Insuficiència respiratòria; SupervivènciaBackground and objective: Forced vital capacity (FVC) less than 50% of predicted is one of the main parameters used for Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) initiation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Recent studies suggest that higher values of FVC could be considered as a threshold. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether early use of NIV improves the prognosis of ALS patients compared with standard initiation. Methods: This is a randomized, parallel, multicenter, open-label, controlled clinical trial, with recruitment at the ALS outpatient multidisciplinary units of six Spanish hospitals. Patients were included when their FVC reached the 75% threshold and were randomized by computer, stratifying by center in an allocation ratio of 1:1 to Early NIV (FVC below 75%) or Standard NIV (FVC below 50%) initiation. The primary outcome was time to death or tracheostomy. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01641965. Results: Between May 2012 and June 2014, 42 patients were randomized to two groups, 20 to Early NIV and 22 to Standard NIV initiation. We found differences in survival in favor of the intervention group: an incidence of mortality (2.68 [1.87–5.50] vs. 3.33 [1.34–4.80] person-months) and a median survival (25.2 vs. 19.4 months), although without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.267). Conclusions: This trial did not reach the primary endpoint of survival; nevertheless, it is the first Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to demonstrate the benefits of early NIV in slowing the decline of respiratory muscle strength and reducing adverse events. Although not all the results reached statistical significance, all the analyzed data favor early NIV. In addition, this study demonstrates good tolerance and compliance with early NIV without quality of sleep impairment. These data reinforce the early respiratory evaluation of ALS patients and NIV initiation with an FVC of around 75%.This study received Health Research Fund (FIS) from Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), and a grant from Catalan Society of Pneumology (SOCAP)

Responsabilidad penal y código deontológico de los traductores e intérpretes judiciales

1. Introducción. La salvaguarda de derechos y garantías procesales; II. Un marco normativo de mínimos. Responsabilidad penal del traductor-intérprete; 1. La responsabilidad del traductor-intérprete en el Código Penal español; 2. La responsabilidad de la calidad de la traducción e interpretación judicial en las directivas europeas; III. Hacia un marco de máximos en la exigencia profesional: la garantía de un código deontológico (APTIJ); 1. Deontología profesional y código deontológico; 2. El código deontológico de la APTIJ; IV. Formación y buenas prácticas de traductores, intérpretes y operadores jurídicos; V. Algunas conclusiones; VI. Bibliografía

Novel role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney: Evidence from experimental and human diabetic nephropathy

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor type 1 (PTH1R) are extensively expressed in the kidney, where they are able to modulate renal function. Renal PTHrP is known to be overexpressed in acute renal injury. Recently, we hypothesized that PTHrP involvement in the mechanisms of renal injury might not be limited to conditions with predominant damage of the renal tubulointerstitium and might be extended to glomerular diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). In experimental DN, the overexpression of both PTHrP and the PTH1R contributes to the development of renal hypertrophy as well as proteinuria. More recent data have shown, for the first time, that PTHrP is upregulated in the kidney from patients with DN. Collectively, animal and human studies have shown that PTHrP acts as an important mediator of diabetic renal cell hypertrophy by a mechanism which involves the modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and TGF-β1. Furthermore, angiotensin II (Ang II), a critical factor in the progression of renal injury, appears to be responsible for PTHrP upregulation in these conditions. These findings provide novel insights into the well-known protective effects of Ang II antagonists in renal diseases, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches.N. Olea is the recipient of a Research Contract from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S-BIO-2083-2006) and the University of Alcalá. A. Izquierdo is currently Assistant Professor at the Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorc´on, Madrid. This work was supported in part by Grants from Ministerio de Educaci´on y Cultura of Spain (SAF2002- 04356-C03-01, -02, and -03) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2009-12009-C02-01), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RETICEF RD06/0013/1002 and RD12/0043/0008 and PI12/02825), the Spanish Society of Nephrology, and the Eugenio Rodr´ıguez Pascual Foundation

Novel Methodology for the Detection of Enveloped Viruses

Presented at Viruses 2020—Novel Concepts in Virology, Barcelona, Spain, 5–7 February 2020 (abstract)Viral infections in humans cause a huge burden in worldwide healthcare that has increased due to the emergence of new pathogenic viruses, such as in the recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Viral particles in body fluids are often at very low levels, making diagnosis difficult. In order to address this problem, we have developed a new detection platform to isolate and detect different enveloped viruses. We have recently identified that sialic acid-binding Ig‑like lectin 1 (Siglec-1/CD169) is one cellular receptor used by EBOV and HIV-1 to enter myeloid cells, key target cells for infection and pathogenesis. For viral uptake, the V-set domain of this myeloid cell receptor recognizes the gangliosides of viral membranes that were dragged during viral budding from the plasma membrane of infected cells. We took advantage of this specific interaction between Siglec‑1 and viral gangliosides to develop a new detection methodology. We have generated a recombinant protein that contains the V-set domain of Siglec-1 fused to the human IgG Fc domain for anchoring in latex beads. These coated beads allow the isolation of viral particles and their measurement by flow cytometry. We have tested its efficacy to detect HIV-1 and EBOV and its specificity by using anti-Siglec‑1 antibodies that prevent the interaction and serve as a negative control. To test the capacity of our method, we used synthetic liposomes to assess the effect of ganglioside concentration in membranes as well as the size of viral particles. This methodology would facilitate the diagnosis of infections by concentrating viral particles in a fast and direct method. At a time when global human mobility facilitates the dissemination of infectious agents, our approach represents a rapid and effective method to maximize the identification of both known and emerging enveloped viruses as part of public health viral surveillance strategies

Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Hepatitis A in Spain in the Context of the 2016/2017 European Outbreak

Altres ajuts: The APC was funded by the Programme of Prevention, Surveillance, and Control of Transmissible Diseases (PREVICET), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (Spain).The aim of our study was to describe the results of the epidemiological surveillance of hepatitis A infections in Spain in the context of the 2016/2017 European outbreak, particularly of hepatitis A outbreaks reported in the MSM population, incorporating the results of a spatio-temporal analysis of cases. Hepatitis A cases and outbreaks reported in 2016-2017 to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network were reviewed: outbreaks in which some of the cases belonged to the MSM group were described, and clusters of hepatitis A cases in men and women were analysed using a space-time scan statistic. Twenty-six outbreaks were identified, with a median size of two cases per outbreak, with most of the outbreak-related cases belonging to the 15-44 years-old group. Nearly 85% occurred in a household setting, and in all outbreaks, the mode of transmission was direct person-to-person contact. Regarding space-time analysis, twenty statistically significant clusters were identified in the male population and eight in the female population; clusters in men presented a higher number of observed cases and affected municipalities, as well as a higher percentage of municipalities classified as large urban areas. The elevated number of cases detected in clusters of men indicates that the number of MSM-related outbreaks may be higher than reported, showing that spatio-temporal analysis is a complementary, useful tool which may improve the detection of outbreaks in settings where epidemiological investigation may be more challenging