Chemical composition of biomass generated in the guava tree pruning

Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) is a native plant of Central America and is now widely cultivated in many tropical regions of the world for the fruit production. In Mexico, in the guava orchards common practices to control fruit production are: water stress, defoliation and pruning. In this study, we report the chemical composition of the biomass (branches and leaves) generated in the pruning practices. The results ranged as follows: pH (4.98-5.88), soda solubility (39.01-70.49 %), ash (1.87-8.20 %); potassium and calcium were the major inorganic elements in ash. No heavy metals were detected in the studied samples; total solubility (15.21-46.60 %), Runkel lignin (17.77-35.26 %), holocellulose (26.56 -69.49 %), α-cellulose (15.53-35.36 %), hemicelluloses (11.02-34.12 %), tannins in aqueous extracts (3.81-9.06 %), and tannins in ethanolic extracts (3.42-15.24 %)

Polyphenolic Profile, Sugar Consumption and Organic Acids Generation along Fermentation of Infusions from Guava (Pisidium guajava) by the Kombucha Consortium

The kombucha beverage is typically prepared from black tea, sweetened with sucrose, inoculated with previously fermented liquid broth and/or tea fungus pellicle, and incubated. Alternative sources have been used for kombucha beverages. Guava leaves have been used for long time as traditional medicine. It is found in many commercially available botanical supplements in form of decoction, milled and used as comprises. They are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Several changes are produced during fermentation of the beverages. The main objective of the present work is to characterize fermentation process of guava leaves infusions by kombucha and studying possible chemical changes in their polyphenolic profile. Infusions from guava leaves were prepared and fermented by the kombucha consortium. The pH, titrable acidity, polyphenolic compounds, sugar consumption, organic acid along the fermentation was made by UPLC-ESI-MS. Kombucha from Camellia sinensis (CS) was made as a control. Higher rate of sucrose consumption was observed for Kombucha made with CS, also, higher production of organic acids (acetic and succinic acid) was observed too. Both behaviors were related to the content of glucose. The flavan-3-ols were diminishing along the fermentation time, with the exception of epigallocatechin in Camellia sinensis, Flavan-3-ol content in Guava leaves was low. Higher content of dicaffeoyl quinnic acid was observed for both systems in special for CS, falling after a maximum peak; minor constituents of hydroxycinnamic acids were stable along the fermentation for both systems

Inhibitory effects of Buddleja scordioides (salvilla) leaves on digestive enzymes and carbohydrate absorption in vivo

The effects of Buddleja scordioides (BsLI) leaf infusions on digestive enzymes and carbohydrate absorption were evaluated. The BsLI yield was 21.64 %. In addition, a chemical characterization was carried out identifying hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavanones and flavones. In vitro studies were performed to determine the inhibitory action of BsLI on lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Then, in rats, oral starch tolerance tests (OSTT) were carried out using BsLI at a dose of 9.5 mg/kg body weight. Results showed moderate inhibition of lipase and α-glucosidase, but greater inhibition of α-amylase compared to positive controls. During the OSTT trial, the group receiving BsLI showed a significant reduction in glucose levels compared to the negative control group. Bioactive compounds, such as naringenin, luteolin, quercetin, and coumaric acid, were identified after BsLI administration. Furthermore, the consumption of BsLI was safe and showed antioxidant activity like Trolox. In conclusion, BsLI may have an enhanced effect on glucose metabolism by inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v17i2.122

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Infusión de la planta medicinal Buddleja scordioides Kunth utilizada para tratar la inflamación intestinal

 Traditional medicine is an alternative resource for the treatment of multiple symptoms associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammation. Herbal infusions, unlike pharmacological medicines, contain multiple chemical compounds of diverse nature, which act synergistically to give an anti-inflammatory response. The Buddleja scordioides Kunth Scrophulariaceae plant is known for its anti-inflammatory effects and is commonly used to combat symptoms related to gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, pain and inflammation. The easy acquisition and popular consumption of Buddleja scordioides, make this plant an important research objective for the area of intestinal health. The aim of this research was to gather information on the phytochemical components present in Buddleja scordioides, summarize information related to the absorption, digestion and transport of herbal compounds along the gastrointestinal tract and define its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. We found that Buddleja scordioides is a species used as a medicinal plant to treat symptoms associated with gastrointestinal inflammation process. The ethnopharmacology use of the B. scordioides plant is supported by scientific research that attributes its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to the plant´s phytochemical content.   La medicina tradicional es un recurso alternativo para el tratamiento de múltiples síntomas asociados a patologías gastrointestinales como la inflamación. Las infusiones herbales, a diferencia de los medicamentos farmacológicos, contienen múltiples compuestos químicos de diversa naturaleza, que actúan sinérgicamente para dar una respuesta antiinflamatoria. La planta Buddleja scordioides Kunth Scrophulariaceae es conocida por sus efectos antiinflamatorios, y se utiliza comúnmente para combatir síntomas relacionados a desórdenes gastrointestinales como diarrea, dolor e inflamación. Es una planta de consumo popular y fácil de adquirir, por lo que es investigada en torno a su uso en la salud intestinal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue recopilar información de los componentes fitoquímicos presentes en Buddleja scordioides, resumir la información relacionada con la absorción, digestión y transporte de los compuestos herbales a lo largo del tracto gastrointestinal, y definir su efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio. Se encontró que Buddleja scordioides es una especie utilizada como planta medicinal para tratar síntomas asociados con procesos de inflamación gastrointestinal. El uso etnofarmacológico de la planta B. scordioides se encuentra respaldada  por investigaciones científicas que atribuyen su actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria al contenido fitoquímico de la planta.

Modification on the polyphenols and dietary fiber content of grape pomace by instant controlled pressure drop

Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) has been used as a pre-treatment to increase extractable polyphenols (EPP), mainly attributed to matrix structure expansion. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of DIC on non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP), EPP, and dietary fiber on grape pomace. At 0.2 MPa–60 s was observe an increase of total EPP and total anthocyanins. Despite the increment of EPP, was observe the lowest anthocyanins and non-extractable proanthocyanidins content at 0.4 MPa–120 s. This increase was due to a partial transformation of anthocyanins into phenolic acids and the depolymerization of proanthocyanidins. Also was observe partial solubilization of insoluble dietary fiber. Morphologically, the size of the pores generated by DIC was more significant at higher pressures. Thus, DIC modified the morphology and profile of the polyphenols of grape pomace, producing phenolic compounds of simpler structure and improving their antioxidant capacities.Peer reviewe

Effect of hydrogel/oleogel ratio, speed and time of mixing, on the mechanical properties of bigel materials and the application of Cox-Merz rule

Bigels, are materials that combine hydrogels and oleogels. However, a major problem with them is the characterization of a single material compound by two materials that have different physical characteristics. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the mixing time, the interaction of ratio hydrogel/oleogel, mixing rate and the applicability of Cox-Merz rule in bigels. Bigels were obtained blending monoglycerides, canola oil for oleogel phas, esters of polyglycerol with linearly esterified polyricinoleic acid, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60), guar gum and water. The bigels were prepared by incorporating the oleogel into the hydrogel and mixed at different ratios (67:33, 83:17; 85:15), followed by stirring at two different rate (600 and 800 rpm) for 20 min. Firmness was evaluated for all experimental samples. Thermal scanning was done by DSC. Steady Shear and Oscillatory test were carried out on the samples. Creep- Compliance test, and Cox-Merz rule were used for data analysis. Texture analysis indicated that a higher level of oleogel in the bigel, diminished firmness, however, major differences were observed between samples at low rate of agitation and high time of mixing. The creep test was modeled by Burgers model with good fit (R2 > 0.9). High recovery (66–67%) was observed at lower presence of oleogels and high mixing rate. Data of steady shear and oscillatory shear were adjusted to empirical Cox-Merz rule with good fit at low shear rate (> 10 s−1)

Microencapsulación de ácido gálico en mucílago de nopal (Opuntia ficusindica) producido por secado por aspersión

Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Oaxac

Efectos antiobesogénicos de orujo de uva tratado con DIC

Trabajo presentado al 8º Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores del Estado de Querétaro, celebrado los dias 3 y 4 de febrero en México.Peer reviewe