AdS2 duals to ADHM quivers with Wilson lines

We discuss AdS$_2\times S^3\times{\text{CY}}_2\times I_{\rho}$ solutions to massive Type IIA supergravity with 4 Poincar\'e supersymmetries. We propose explicit dual quiver quantum mechanics built out of D0 and D4 colour branes coupled to D4' and D8 flavour branes. We propose that these quivers describe the interactions of instantons and Wilson lines in 5d gauge theories with 8 Poincar\'e supersymmetries. Using the RR Maxwell fluxes of the solutions, conveniently put off-shell, we construct a functional from which the holographic central charge can be derived through a geometrical extremisation principleComment: 26 pages and various appendices. Many figure

M -strings and AdS3 solutions to M-theory with small N \mathcal{N} = (0, 4) supersymmetry

We construct a general class of (small) N = (0, 4) superconformal solutions in M-theory of the form AdS3 × S3/ℤk × CY2, foliated over an interval. These solutions describe M-strings in M5-brane intersections. The M -strings support (0, 4) quiver CFTs that are in correspondence with our backgrounds. We compute the central charge and show that it scales linearly with the total number of M -strings. We introduce momentum charge, thus allowing for a description in terms of M(atrix) theory. Upon reduction to Type IIA, we find a new class of solutions with four Poincaré supercharges of the form AdS2 × S3 × CY2 × ℐ , that we extend to the massive IIA case. We generalise our constructions to provide a complete class of AdS3 solutions to M-theory with (0,4) supersymmetry and SU(2) structure. We also construct new AdS2 × S3 × M4 × ℐ solutions to massive IIA, with M4 a 4d Kähler manifold and four Poincaré supercharges

Processing of high quality mango chips

Potato chips are very popular in the United States. Recently, an enormous interest in developing snacks from fruits and vegetables with high quality has been assessed. Mango, due to its characteristic flavor and nutritional value, is excellent for snack production. Osmotic dehydration (OD) as a pre-treatment and vacuum frying (1.33 kPa) processes were proposed to obtain high quality mango chips. Mango ?Tommy Atkins? slices were pre-treated with different OD concentrations (40, 50, and 65w/v), times (45, 60, and 70 min), and temperatures (22, 40, and 57oC). Physical and chemical properties (aw, pH, oBrix, sugar gain, water loss, and shrinkage) after OD were studied. The pre-treated slices were vacuum fried (1.33 kPa) at 120, 130, and 138oC and product quality attributes (PQA) (oil content, texture, porosity, color, microstructure, and carotenoid content) were determined. Microstructure of the chips was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Effect of frying temperatures at optimum OD (65 w/v at 40oC) times was tested. The consumer tests showed that samples were all acceptable. The best mango chips process was the one with 65 w/v concentration for 60 min (pre-treatment) and vacuum frying at 120oC. Kinetic studies on oil content, texture, porosity, color, and carotenoid retention were performed. Oil absorption was modeled by a fractional conversion kinetic model. Absorption rate constant increased with frying temperature. Diameter changes in the chips, although not significant (P>0.05), followed an initial expansion to later decrease. Thickness of the slices increased (puffed) (around 60%) with time for all frying temperatures. Texture changes were for two frying periods: (1) water removal and crust formation and (2) slices became tougher and crispier and the end of frying. Porosity in the samples increased with frying, and a fractional conversion best described this phenomenon. Color *a (redness) increased with frying time and temperature and was modeled using a logistic model. Color *b (yellowness) increased up to 30 s of frying and then decreased. Carotenoids degradation followed a first order model, with a significant (P<0.05) decrease with frying temperature. Mango chips fried under atmospheric fryer had less carotenoid retention (25%) than with a vacuum fryer

Two dimensional NN \mathcal{N} = (0, 4) quivers dual to AdS3 solutions in massive IIA

In this paper we discuss an infinite family of new solutions in massive Type IIA supergravity with AdS$_3\times$S$^2$ factors, preserving ${\cal N}=(0,4)$ SUSY. After studying geometrical aspects of the backgrounds we propose a duality with a precise family of quivers that flow to (0,4) fixed points at low energies. These quivers consist on two families of (4,4) linear quivers coupled by matter fields. We present various tests of our proposal.Comment: 28 pages plus appendixes. Various figures. Version to be published in JHE

1/4 BPS solutions and the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence

We discuss new solutions in massive Type IIA supergravity with AdS$_3\times$S$^2$ factors, preserving ${\cal N}=(0,4)$ SUSY. We propose a duality with a precise family of quivers that flow to ${\cal N}=(0,4)$ fixed points at low energies. These quivers consist on two families of linear quivers coupled by matter fields. Physical observables such as the central charges provide stringent checks of the proposed duality. A formal mapping is presented connecting our backgrounds with those dual to six dimensional ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ CFTs, suggesting the existence of a flow across dimensions between the CFTs.Comment: Six pages and four figures. Version to be publishe

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Endonuclease G deficiency requires reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and is inhibitable by the micropeptide humanin

The endonuclease G gene (Endog), which codes for a mitochondrial nuclease, was identified as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy. How ENDOG controls cardiomyocyte growth is still unknown. Thus, we aimed at finding the link between ENDOG activity and cardiomyocyte growth. Endog deficiency induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and abnormal growth in neonatal rodent cardiomyocytes, altering the AKT-GSK3 beta and Class-II histone deacethylases (HDAC) signal transduction pathways. These effects were blocked by ROS scavengers. Lack of ENDOG reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication independently of ROS accumulation. Because mtDNA encodes several subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, whose activity is an important source of cellular ROS, we investigated whether Endog deficiency compromised the expression and activity of the respiratory chain complexes but found no changes in these parameters nor in ATP content. MtDNA also codes for humanin, a micropeptide with possible metabolic functions. Nanomolar concentrations of synthetic humanin restored normal ROS levels and cell size in Endog-deficient cardiomyocytes. These results support the involvement of redox signaling in the control of cardiomyocyte growth by ENDOG and suggest a pathway relating mtDNA content to the regulation of cell growth probably involving humanin, which prevents reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and hypertrophy induced by Endog deficiency.This work was supported by Grant SAF2013-44942R from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) to DS, Grant 20153810 from Fundacio La Marato de TV3 to DS, Program ``Redes Tematicas de Investigacion Cooperativa en Salud´´ (RETICS) Grants RD12/0042/0035, RD12/0042/0056 and RD12/0042/0021, Red de Investigacion Cardiovascular (RIC) from the Institute de Salud Carlos-III (ISCIII) to DS, DG-D and JV, Grant 2009SGR-346 from the Agencia de Gestic d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) from the Government of Catalonia to DS. AB is supported by Fundacio La Marato de TV3 and GB is supported by a predoctoral contract from the Universitat de Lleida.S

Genomic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and selection signatures in European local pig breeds assessed with a high density SNP chip

Genetic characterization of local breeds is essential to preserve their genomic variability, to advance conservation policies and to contribute to their promotion and sustainability. Genomic diversity of twenty European local pig breeds and a small sample of Spanish wild pigs was assessed using high density SNP chips. A total of 992 DNA samples were analyzed with the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) 70 K HD porcine genotyping chip. Genotype data was employed to compute genetic diversity, population differentiation and structure, genetic distances, linkage disequilibrium and effective population size. Our results point out several breeds, such as Turopolje, Apulo Calabrese, Casertana, Mora Romagnola and Lithuanian indigenous wattle, having the lowest genetic diversity, supported by low heterozygosity and very small effective population size, demonstrating the need of enhanced conservation strategies. Principal components analysis showed the clustering of the individuals of the same breed, with few breeds being clearly isolated from the rest. Several breeds were partially overlapped, suggesting genetic closeness, which was particularly marked in the case of Iberian and Alentejana breeds. Spanish wild boar was also narrowly related to other western populations, in agreement with recurrent admixture between wild and domestic animals. We also searched across the genome for loci under diversifying selection based on F-S(T) outlier tests. Candidate genes that may underlie differences in adaptation to specific environments and productive systems and phenotypic traits were detected in potentially selected genomic regions

Genome-wide detection of copy number variants in European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds by whole-genome sequencing of DNA pools identified breed-characterising copy number states

In this study, we identified copy number variants (CNVs) in 19 European autochthonous pig breeds and in two commercial breeds (Italian Large White and Italian Duroc) that represent important genetic resources for this species. The genome of 725 pigs was sequenced using a breed-specific DNA pooling approach (30–35 animals per pool) obtaining an average depth per pool of 429. This approach maximised CNV discovery as well as the related copy number states characterising, on average, the analysed breeds. By mining more than 17.5 billion reads, we identified a total of 9592 CNVs (~683 CNVs per breed) and 3710 CNV regions (CNVRs; 1.15% of the reference pig genome), with an average of 77 CNVRs per breed that were considered as private. A few CNVRs were analysed in more detail, together with other information derived from sequencing data. For example, the CNVR encompassing the KIT gene was associated with coat colour phenotypes in the analysed breeds, confirming the role of the multiple copies in determining breed-specific coat colours. The CNVR covering the MSRB3 gene was associated with ear size in most breeds. The CNVRs affecting the ELOVL6 and ZNF622 genes were private features observed in the Lithuanian Indigenous Wattle and in the Turopolje pig breeds respectively. Overall, the genome variability unravelled here can explain part of the genetic diversity among breeds and might contribute to explain their origin, history and adaptation to a variety of production system