Approximate Bayesian Computation by Modelling Summary Statistics in a Quasi-likelihood Framework

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a useful class of methods for Bayesian inference when the likelihood function is computationally intractable. In practice, the basic ABC algorithm may be inefficient in the presence of discrepancy between prior and posterior. Therefore, more elaborate methods, such as ABC with the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm (ABC-MCMC), should be used. However, the elaboration of a proposal density for MCMC is a sensitive issue and very difficult in the ABC setting, where the likelihood is intractable. We discuss an automatic proposal distribution useful for ABC-MCMC algorithms. This proposal is inspired by the theory of quasi-likelihood (QL) functions and is obtained by modelling the distribution of the summary statistics as a function of the parameters. Essentially, given a real-valued vector of summary statistics, we reparametrize the model by means of a regression function of the statistics on parameters, obtained by sampling from the original model in a pilot-run simulation study. The QL theory is well established for a scalar parameter, and it is shown that when the conditional variance of the summary statistic is assumed constant, the QL has a closed-form normal density. This idea of constructing proposal distributions is extended to non constant variance and to real-valued parameter vectors. The method is illustrated by several examples and by an application to a real problem in population genetics.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-BA921 in the Bayesian Analysis (http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba) by the International Society of Bayesian Analysis (http://bayesian.org/

Gestión y documentación para la habilitación de uso terciario de bajo situado en edificio catalogado en el Plan Especial de Protección del Ensanche de Valencia

[ES] En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado, se pretende la realización de toda la documentación necesaria a entregar al Ayuntamiento de Valencia para solicitar la obtención de la licencia ambiental correspondiente para la habilitación de uso terciario del bajo objeto del trabajo. El bien inmueble objeto del trabajo es un bajo que tiene como característica principal, estar situado en un edificio catalogado en un Plan Especial de Protección. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia y la afectación de esta característica a la elección y desarrollo de la documentación necesaria, previamente, se debe realizar una breve investigación urbanística y constructiva tanto de la zona, como del edificio y del bajo en particular. Seguidamente, se elabora un proyecto técnico y planteamiento de la tramitación para la legalización urbanística de la actividad elegida dirigido a rentabilizar al máximo el uso permitido del local. Más concretamente, en base a ésta y a su condición urbanística, investigamos el tipo de licencia ambiental y de obra a solicitar, y, el procedimiento a seguir, con la relación de la documentación necesaria para la habilitación para uso terciario del local objeto de este PFG.[EN] Working in this Final Project, carrying out all necessary to deliver the Valencia City Council to seek to obtain the corresponding environmental license for the use of tertiary qualification under job item documentation it is intended. The subject property is a low work whose main feature, being situated in a listed building in a Special Protection Plan building. Given the importance and the effect of this feature to the choice and development of the necessary documentation, previously, you must perform a brief investigation both urban and construction in the area, and the building and bass in particular. Subsequently, a technical and processing approach to urban legalization of the chosen activity aimed to make the most of the permitted use is made of the local project. More specifically, based on this and its urban condition, we investigated the type of environmental license and work to apply, and how to proceed with the relationship of the documentation required for the authorization to use the local tertiary object of this PFG.Nueda Caro, V. (2015). Gestión y documentación para la habilitación de uso terciario de bajo situado en edificio catalogado en el Plan Especial de Protección del Ensanche de Valencia. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/55443.TFG

LPDA: A new classification method based on linear programming

The search of separation hyperplanes is an efficient way to find rules with classification purposes. This paper presents an alternative mathematical programming formulation to existing methods to find a discriminant hyperplane. The hyperplane H is found by minimizing the sum of all the distances to the area assigned to the group each individual belongs to. It results in a convex optimization problem for which we find an equivalent linear programming problem. We demonstrate that H exists when the centroids of the two groups are not equal. The method is effective dealing with low and high dimensional data where reduction of the dimension is proposed to avoid overfitting problems. We show the performance of this approach with different data sets and comparisons with other classifications methods. The method is called LPDA and it is implemented in a R package available in https://github.com/mjnueda/lpda.This research has been partially supported by Generalitat Valenciana, Grant GV/2017/177

The proteins DLK1 and DLK2 modulate NOTCH1-dependent proliferation and oncogenic potential of human SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells

AbstractNOTCH receptors regulate cell proliferation and survival in several types of cancer cells. Depending on the cellular context, NOTCH1 can function as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. DLK1 is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and cancer, but nothing is known about the role of DLK2 in these processes. Recently, the proteins DLK1 and DLK2 have been reported to interact with NOTCH1 and to inhibit NOTCH1 activation and signaling in different cell lines. In this work, we focused on the role of DLK proteins in the control of melanoma cell growth, where NOTCH1 is known to exert an oncogenic effect. We found that human DLK proteins inhibit NOTCH signaling in SK-MEL-2 metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, the proliferation rate of these cells was dependent upon the level of NOTCH activation and signaling as regulated by DLK proteins. In particular, high levels of NOTCH inhibition resulted in a decrease, whereas lower levels of NOTCH inhibition led to an increase in melanoma cell proliferation rates, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our data revealed additive NOTCH-mediated effects of DLK proteins and the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on cell proliferation. The data presented in this work suggest that a fine regulation of NOTCH signaling plays an important role in the control of metastatic melanoma cell proliferation. Our results open the way to new research on the role of DLK proteins as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of human melanoma

Cine, manipulación y traducción: censura en el doblaje a español de la película estadounidense La dama de Shanghái (1947)

El presente trabajo estudia las diferentes características de la censura cinematográfica ejercida sobre el doblaje a español de películas extranjeras durante el franquismo. Para ello, este trabajo se centra en un análisis de los diálogos censurados en la película La dama de Shanghái (1947) del director Orson Welles. Por tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal demostrar la importancia del papel del traductor en la historia del pensamiento, cuya labor viene determinada tanto por factores externos como internos.Grado en Traducción e Interpretació

Prácticas de análisis estadístico de datos geoquímicos con el programa R

Son muchas las materias de carácter geológico como geoquímica, prospección geoquímica, petrología, recursos minerales, mineralogía ambiental, etc., donde el análisis estadístico de datos geoquímicos es una herramienta básica y necesaria. La toma de datos en el campo o en el laboratorio, el análisis, representación e interpretación de datos que proceden de un laboratorio analítico son tareas comunes en la toma de decisiones o explicación de procesos geoquímicos y petrogenéticos, detección de anomalías geoquímicas, procedencia de aguas, etc. En dichos estudios se suelen realizar análisis químicos de suelos, sedimentos y/o aguas, que incluyen más de una docena de elementos (variables) y varios puntos de muestreo (casos).Este trabajo está enmarcado dentro de la Red de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria (2899) y el Grupo de Innovación Tecnológico-Educativa (GITE-11013-UA: Petrología y Geoquímica) de la Universidad de Alicante

Bayesian Variable Selection with Applications in Health Sciences

[EN] In health sciences, identifying the leading causes that govern the behaviour of a response variable is a question of crucial interest. Formally, this can be formulated as a variable selection problem. In this paper, we introduce the basic concepts of the Bayesian approach for variable selection based on model choice, emphasizing the model space prior adoption and the algorithms for sampling from the model space and for posterior probabilities approximation; and show its application to two common problems in health sciences. The first concerns a problem in the field of genetics while the second is a longitudinal study in cardiology. In the context of these applications, considerations about control for multiplicity via the prior distribution over the model space, linear models in which the number of covariates exceed the sample size, variable selection with censored data, and computational aspects are discussed. The applications presented here also have an intrinsic statistical interest as the proposed models go beyond the standard general linear model. We believe this work will broaden the access of practitioners to Bayesian methods for variable selection.SIMinisterio de Economía, Comercio y EmpresaThis work has been funded by the project PID2019-104790GB-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain). The work of G. Garcia-Donato has been also supported by the project SBPLY/17/180501/000491 from the Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Manch

MultiBaC: an R package to remove batch effects in multi-omic experiments

Motivation: Batch effects in omics datasets are usually a source of technical noise that masks the biological signal and hampers data analysis. Batch effect removal has been widely addressed for individual omics technologies. However, multi-omic datasets may combine data obtained in different batches where omics type and batch are often confounded. Moreover, systematic biases may be introduced without notice during data acquisition, which creates a hidden batch effect. Current methods fail to address batch effect correction in these cases. Results: In this article, we introduce the MultiBaC R package, a tool for batch effect removal in multi-omics and hidden batch effect scenarios. The package includes a diversity of graphical outputs for model validation and assessment of the batch effect correction. Availability and implementation: MultiBaC package is available on Bioconductor (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/MultiBaC.html) and GitHub (https://github.com/ConesaLab/MultiBaC.git). The data underlying this article are available in Gene Expression Omnibus repository (accession numbers GSE11521, GSE1002, GSE56622 and GSE43747).This work was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through PROMETEO grants program for excellence research groups [PROMETEO 2016/093] and by the Spanish MICINN [PID2020-119537RB-I00]. Funding for open access charge: Universitat Politècnica de València