Report of the outcome of the comparative study for the deep Argo quality control processing

Report of the most appropriate methods and tools in the quality control of deep Argo float

Report on the suitability of the actual reference data sets for deep Argo DMQC

This report provides an assessment of the availability and quality of the CTD reference data for Argo for the regions of deployments of the deep European Argo fleet

O termohalinim svojstvima i cirkulaciji Jonskog mora u toku 2010.-2013. na osnovi mjerenja Argo plutačama

From all available Argo floats and altimetry data, the surface, intermediate (350 m depth) and deep (1000 m) circulation patterns in the Ionian Sea were analysed in detail for four consecutive years (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013). In addition, thermohaline properties from float measurements were described and compared considering among all, the Dense Water Overflow from the Adriatic, particularly the one due to the strong winter air-sea heat loss in 2012. In the flow field, energetic closed circulation structures with the spatial scale of about 100 km were present during the entire study period. More specifically, the Pelops Gyre is observed from the surface down to more than 1000 m depth. A multi-lobe anticyclonic feature in the centre of the Ionian basin located to the north of the Mid Ionian Jet was also well evident in the same depth interval. The sub-basin-wide cyclonic circulation in the northern Ionian was clearly documented only in the close vicinity of the basin flanks at all the three levels. The most prominent signal of the Adriatic Dense Water (AdDW) was evidenced at about 1000 m depth in the northwestern portion of the basin in late spring 2012. Afterwards, very likely the AdDW progressively sank along its way southward and its signal was not recorded anymore because of the limited range of the float profiles (max 2000 m).Na temelju raspoloživih podataka sistema argo sondi i podataka o visini morske razine, analizirani su površinski, intermedijarni (350 m) i duboki (1000 m) sustavi strujanja u Jonskom moru u toku 2010., 2011., 2012. i 2013. godine. Pritom su opisana i uspoređena termohalina svojstva dobivena iz profila argo sondi. r azmatrano je i širenje guste vode iz Jadranskog mora, naročito ono vezano uz iznimno velik gubitak topline s površine mora u toku zimskog razdoblja u 2012. godini. tokom perioda istraživanja, polja strujanja karakteriziraju vrtlozi čiji je promjer otprilike 100 km. vrtlog Pelops, posebice, opaža se od morske površine do 1000 m dubine. anticiklonalna struktura u središtu Jonskog mora, na sjevernoj strani struje tzv. Mid-Ionian Jet, sastavljena je od više manjih vrtloga i također se proteže do istih dubina. Ciklonalno strujanje dobro se uočava na sve tri razine u rubnom (dužobalnom) području unutar sjevernog Jonskog more. vrlo izrazit signal prisustva guste jadranske vode (Adriatic Dense Water, AdDW) opažen je na otprilike 1000 m dubine u sjeverozapadnom dijelu jonskog bazena u kasno proljeće 2012. godine. otuda, adDW vrlo vjerojatno postupno tone strujeći prema jugu, i njen se signal više ne opaža jer su argo mjerenja ograničena na maksimalnu dubinu od 2000 m

A report on the adaptation of existing DMQC methods to marginal seas

A report on the adaptation of existing DMQC methods to marginal seas (Arctic, Baltic and Mediterranean Seas)

Analysis of the global shipping traffic for the feasibility of a structural recovery program of Argo floats

The Argo observation network is made up of approximately 4,000 drifting floats, which provide valuable information about the ocean and its role in the climate system. Each one of these floats work in continuous cycles, until their batteries run out. Due to its importance in operational forecasting and climate research, the Argo community continually assesses the status of the sensors mounted on each of the floats. Recovering floats would offer a great opportunity to gain insight into sensor performance and stability, although the economic and environmental costs of dedicating a ship exclusively to recover Argo floats make it unsustainable. In this work, the potential of world shipping traffic as float retrievers has been evaluated through an analysis of encounters based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS) of ships and the location of Argo floats in the years 2019 and 2020. About 18,500 and 28,500 encounters happened for both years, respectively. The Mediterranean Sea hosted the most encounters, and fishing ships were the most suitable type of ship aimed for potential recoveries. A total of 298 and 373 floats interacted with the world shipping traffic in favorable weather conditions in 2019 and 2020, respectively, a figure equivalent to 25% of the annual replacement rate of the Argo network. The same approach was applied to 677 floats affected by abrupt salinity drift (ASD), an issue that has recently come to the attention of the Argo community. It turned out that 59 and 103 ASD-affected floats interacted with ships of opportunity in both years

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Ocean State Report (OSR) provides an annual report of the state of the global ocean and European regional seas for policy and decision-makers with the additional aim of increasing general public awareness about the status of, and changes in, the marine environment. The CMEMS OSR draws on expert analysis and provides a 3-D view (through reanalysis systems), a view from above (through remote-sensing data) and a direct view of the interior (through in situ measurements) of the global ocean and the European regional seas. The report is based on the unique CMEMS monitoring capabilities of the blue (hydrography, currents), white (sea ice) and green (e.g. Chlorophyll) marine environment. This first issue of the CMEMS OSR provides guidance on Essential Variables, large-scale changes and specific events related to the physical ocean state over the period 1993–2015. Principal findings of this first CMEMS OSR show a significant increase in global and regional sea levels, thermosteric expansion, ocean heat content, sea surface temperature and Antarctic sea ice extent and conversely a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent during the 1993–2015 period. During the year 2015 exceptionally strong large-scale changes were monitored such as, for example, a strong El Niño Southern Oscillation, a high frequency of extreme storms and sea level events in specific regions in addition to areas of high sea level and harmful algae blooms. At the same time, some areas in the Arctic Ocean experienced exceptionally low sea ice extent and temperatures below average were observed in the North Atlantic Ocean

Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats.

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wong, A. P. S., Wijffels, S. E., Riser, S. C., Pouliquen, S., Hosoda, S., Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., Johnson, G. C., Martini, K., Murphy, D. J., Scanderbeg, M., Bhaskar, T. V. S. U., Buck, J. J. H., Merceur, F., Carval, T., Maze, G., Cabanes, C., Andre, X., Poffa, N., Yashayaev, I., Barker, P. M., Guinehut, S., Belbeoch, M., Ignaszewski, M., Baringer, M. O., Schmid, C., Lyman, J. M., McTaggart, K. E., Purkey, S. G., Zilberman, N., Alkire, M. B., Swift, D., Owens, W. B., Jayne, S. R., Hersh, C., Robbins, P., West-Mack, D., Bahr, F., Yoshida, S., Sutton, P. J. H., Cancouet, R., Coatanoan, C., Dobbler, D., Juan, A. G., Gourrion, J., Kolodziejczyk, N., Bernard, V., Bourles, B., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Le Reste, S., Le Traon, P., Rannou, J., Saout-Grit, C., Speich, S., Thierry, V., Verbrugge, N., Angel-Benavides, I. M., Klein, B., Notarstefano, G., Poulain, P., Velez-Belchi, P., Suga, T., Ando, K., Iwasaska, N., Kobayashi, T., Masuda, S., Oka, E., Sato, K., Nakamura, T., Sato, K., Takatsuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Cowley, R., Lovell, J. L., Oke, P. R., van Wijk, E. M., Carse, F., Donnelly, M., Gould, W. J., Gowers, K., King, B. A., Loch, S. G., Mowat, M., Turton, J., Rama Rao, E. P., Ravichandran, M., Freeland, H. J., Gaboury, I., Gilbert, D., Greenan, B. J. W., Ouellet, M., Ross, T., Tran, A., Dong, M., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Kang, K., Jo, H., Kim, S., & Park, H. Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 700, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00700.In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.AW, SR, and other scientists at the University of Washington (UW) were supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA15OAR4320063 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) at the UW. SW and other scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) were supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA19OAR4320074 (CINAR/WHOI Argo). The Scripps Institution of Oceanography's role in Argo was supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA15OAR4320071 (CIMEC). Euro-Argo scientists were supported by the Monitoring the Oceans and Climate Change with Argo (MOCCA) project, under the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.1/SI2.709624 for the European Commission

Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020

Report on the implementation of a collaborative DMQC toolkit

Within WP2 of the Euro-Argo RISE project, our goal is to improve the quality of the Argo dataset. Beyond improving quality control methods, Task 2.4 assumes that an improved collaboration between Argo partners is the best way toward a long term and robust development of Argo (DM)QC activities, which ultimately lead to an improved Argo dataset. Using a thorough assessment of the Argo community historical practices with regard to QC activities, during a WP2 meeting held in Dec. 2019, we developed the Euro-Argo collaborative framework strategy to achieve the objective of improving Argo (DM)QC activities. This strategy encompasses 3 domains: -  Software (eg: development, performance, usage, access) -  Reference dataset (eg: content, access, availability) -  Data & expertise (eg: training, sharing, educating users) To implement this strategy, we have set-up in Dec. 2019, and developed throughout 2020, an online collaborative toolkit at github.com/euroargodev. This deliverable provides a complete report on the collaborative framework strategy and its implementation. The toolkit is organised around “repositories”: a collection of files (possibly) with online collaborative services like discussion threads (“Issues”), wiki pages, project management boards and a complete set of community development tools (based on “git”). The content of each repository can be shared through web sites or published with packages (eg “npm”, “docker”, etc ...) or a simple zip file release. The Euro-Argo partners have agreed to use this toolkit as the primary tool to share, distribute and work together on Argo community tools. This has been started during this first year. More than 45 people have registered and more than 20 repositories are being filled with Argo useful information and tools